腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿（附49例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的手术方法、疗效及临床应用价值。方法对49例乳糜尿患者行腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术，其中11例行经腹腹腔镜双侧肾蒂淋巴管结扎术，38例行后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术，术前乳糜尿实验均为阳性，采用膀胱镜检查确定乳糜尿的病变侧。焙果49例（60侧）均获得成功，无中转开放手术者。平均手术时间90min（70-120min）；术中平均出血量50mL（20-60mL）；术后平均住院时间6．7d；术后当日乳糜尿消失；术中术后无明显并发症；随访6—15个月无复发。焙论腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术具有微创、出血少、恢复快、结扎更彻底及近期疗效好等优点，可替代开放手术成为目前治疗乳糜尿的最佳手术方法。     

经后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿

目的 探讨经后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的手术方法和疗效,探讨乳糜尿的微创治疗新途径.方法 本组25例乳糜尿患者,男16例,女9例,平均年龄42.3岁,平均病程4.8年.临床表现为乳糜尿和乳糜血尿,伴有不同程度营养不良.气管内全身麻醉下行后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术,收集手术时间、出血量、围手术期并发症与手术效果等资料进行评价.结果 全部手术均取得成功,手术时间85～135 min,平均95 min,术中出血50～110 ml,平均75 ml.无中转开放手术病例.术后第2～3天尿液转清,1周后复查尿常规提示乳糜尿消失,平均术后住院5.6 d,围手术期无发生严重并发症.术后随访时间6～48个月,平均16个月.24例患者全身情况改善、乳糜尿消失.结论 经后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术效果良好,具有创伤小、出血少、能更清晰辨认肾蒂淋巴管、可减少漏扎机会等优点.     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿19例报告

目曲探讨应用后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的手术方法和临床效果。方法19例患者均行后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术。结果19例患者手术均成功,平均手术时间60-130（100±23）min,术中出血量平均50-110（70±12）mL,未发生明显的并发症,术后平均住院（7.1±2.6）d。患者出院时尿液均清亮,19例单侧乳糜尿患者尿乙醚试验全部阴性。随访1-2.5年无复发。结论后腹腔肾蒂淋巴管结扎术具有微创、出血少、恢复快等特点,淋巴管结扎更加完全,I临床效果良好。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的临床疗效分析(附13例报告)

目的:探讨后腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的临床应用效果。方法:我院2010年2月~2013年5月应用后腹腔镜技术行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿患者13例,其中男8例,女5例,术前行乳糜实验、膀胱镜检查及输尿管逆行造影检查,其中双侧乳糜尿9例,单侧乳糜尿4例,术中充分游离及结扎肾蒂淋巴管,术后观察患者乳糜尿好转情况。结果:13例患者共行19次经后腹腔肾蒂淋巴管结扎术,其中3例双侧乳糜尿患者经单侧手术后乳糜尿消失,未再行手术,其余6例双侧病变患者分别行双侧手术后、7例患者行单侧手术后乳糜尿消失。19次手术均无中转开放,手术时间65~125min,平均89min,术中出血量30~60ml,平均40ml,术后住院时间5~7d,术中、术后均未见严重并发症,随访12~48个月,13例患者乳糜尿均无复发。结论:后腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿具有术中视野清楚、淋巴管结扎确切及彻底、手术创伤小、术后恢复快且无复发等优点,值得临床推广。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的疗效观察(附12例报告)

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的疗效。方法:回顾性分析后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗的12例乳糜尿患者的临床资料,其中男7例,女5例,年龄50~68岁,平均61岁,病史2~8年,左侧7例,右侧4例,双侧1例。均采用后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗。结果:手术均成功,手术时间90~140min,术中出血量50~200ml。术后8d出院,术后随访无复发。结论:后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿创伤小、恢复快、复发率低,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的临床疗效。方法:2007年10月～2008年10月收治13例乳糜尿患者,其中男5例,女8例,年龄28～54岁(平均38岁),病史1～15年。乳糜尿来自左侧6例,右侧7例。13例均行后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术。结果:13例手术均取得成功,无一例转开放手术,手术时间60～115 min(平均90 min),术中出血量10～80 ml(平均40 m1),均未输血。13例患者术后当天乳糜尿均消失,未出现并发症。术后平均住院5.5天。随访0.5～1年,仅1例出现对侧复发再次行患侧后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术,其他患者均无乳糜尿症状复发。结论:后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术是一种治疗乳糜尿安全、有效的方法,具有创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快、复发率低等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿(附29例报告)

目的：探讨后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的手术方法和疗效。方法：对29例乳糜尿均行经后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术(双侧者只做了一侧)。结果：29例患者手术均成功，平均手术时间110min，术中出血量平均84ml，未见明显的外科并发症，术后平均住院7．9d。患者出院时尿液均清亮，26例单侧乳糜尿患者尿乙醚试验全部阴性。随访1～3年，除1例双侧乳糜尿患者在术后3个月因对侧原因出现乳糜尿外，其余患者均无复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿近期疗效较好．具有术中出血量少、微创、淋巴管结扎彻底、术后住院时间短、恢复快等优点，是目前治疗乳糜尿较理想的手术方式。     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾蒂周围淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿20例临床分析

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜肾蒂周围淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的临床疗效。方法:2007年1月至2009年6月为20例乳糜尿患者经腹膜后行腹腔镜肾蒂周围淋巴管结扎术。结果:20例腹腔镜手术均获成功。手术时间90～180min,平均100min。术后除双侧患者外余乳糜尿均立即消失,术后随访2～25个月,平均10个月,患者营养状况均明显改善,体重增加。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾蒂周围淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿具有患者安全、创伤小、术后康复快等优点,可作为治疗乳糜尿的有效方法。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗复发性乳糜尿

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗复发性乳糜尿的疗效。方法 2004年2月～2010年9月经后腹腔行腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗21例术后复发性乳糜尿。健侧卧位,游离肾及输尿管上段3～5 cm,于肾门处解剖出肾动、静脉,超声刀离断周围的脂肪、结缔组织及扩张的淋巴管,最后分离出动、静脉之间的淋巴管,仔细分束结扎并离断。结果 21例后腹腔镜手术全部成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间60～110 min,平均95 min。术中出血量42～90 ml,平均58ml。术后12～48 h肠道功能恢复。术后住院时间3～6 d,平均4.5 d。无严重并发症发生。所有患者术后乳糜尿消失。19例随访l～3年,平均2.1年,乳糜尿试验阴性。结论后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗复发性乳糜尿安全有效,具有损伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短、并发症少等优点。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿（附5例报告）

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的手术方法和临床效果。方法对5例患者行经后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术，男2例，女3例；年龄44～70岁；单侧4例，双侧1例，观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复和术中、术后并发症及手术效果。结果5例患者均手术成功，手术时间平均126mm，术中平均出血100ml，术后肠道功能恢复时间24～48h，术后当天乳糜尿消失，术后平均住院时间7天，出院时尿乳糜试验阴性。随访2～6个月无复发。结论后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿近期疗效较好，具有术中出血少、微创、淋巴管结扎彻底、恢复快、住院时间短等优点，是目前治疗乳糜尿较理想的手术方式。     

常规器械下经脐入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术156例经验总结

目的 探讨常规器械下经脐入路单一部位腹腔镜胆囊切除术(transumbilical single-site laparoscopic cholecystectomy,TUSLC)的安全性和可行性.方法 2010年6月～2012年9月应用常规器械行TUSLC 156例.围手术期处理及手术基本操作原则同传统LC.脐旁10 mm trocar,置入腹腔镜探查腹腔,在10 mm trocar左旁直接戳孔后置入5 mm直径操作钳,在10 mm trocar右旁置入10 mm trocar作为主操作孔.左右手器械交叉操作,顺逆结合切除胆囊.结果 5例为胆囊与周围组织粘连严重,探查后即中转为传统三孔 LC.余151例平均手术时间49.3 min(30 ～ 90 min),术中出血量25.7 ml(5 ～70 ml),肠功能恢复时间平均1.3 d(1～2d),术后住院时间平均2.3 d(1～3 d).156例术后随访1～24个月,平均10.8月,均无发热、腹痛、黄疸等术后胆道相关疾病症状,患者对脐部切口恢复的美容效果均满意.结论 常规器械下TUSLC安全可行.     

后腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术治疗乳糜尿

目的探讨后腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术治疗乳糜尿的临床疗效。方法收集我院2008年1月至2010年9月35例乳糜尿病例,均采用经后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术治疗。结果 35例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放,平均手术时间75min;术中平均出血量42mL;术后平均住院7d,术后肠功能恢复时间1～2d。术中术后无明显外科并发症。术后恢复顺利,平均7d出院。34例尿液清亮、乳糜尿试验阴性,1例术后第3天出现尿液轻微混浊,乳糜试验弱阳性,给予2%硝酸银肾盂灌注,尿液转为清亮。术后随访6～24个月,35例患者症状均未复发。结论后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术手术疗效肯定,术中出血少,术后恢复快,对患者损伤小,并发症少,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术治疗乳糜尿

目的 探讨经腹腔途径腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术治疗乳糜尿的临床疗效.方法 乳糜尿患者20例.男12例,女8例.平均年龄52(30～65)岁.患者排乳白色尿液(3例伴有乳糜血尿)病史3～20年.尿液乙醚试验、乳糜试验及膀胱镜检查确诊为乳糜尿.病变位于左侧10例、右侧8例、双侧2例.均行经腹腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术(其中行双侧手术2例).术中使用超声刀游离肾脏、肾蒂及输尿管上段,离断淋巴管,未置钛夹,留置肾周引流管及尿管.结果 20例手术均顺利完成.平均手术时间100 min平均术中出血量50 ml.术中术后无明显外科并发症.术后恢复顺利,19例尿液清亮、乳糜尿试验阴性,平均6d出院.术后随访6～24个月,除1例双侧手术患者时有尿液混浊,乳糜试验偶有阳性外,余19例患者症状均未复发.结论经腹腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术腹腔空间大、操作方便、损伤小、疗效好,是治疗乳糜尿的理想方法. 侧2例.均行经腹腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术(其中行双侧手术2例).术中使用超声刀游离肾脏、肾蒂及输尿管上段,离断淋巴管,未置钛夹,留置肾周引流管及尿管.结果 20例手术均顺利完成.平均手术时间100 min平均术中出血量50 ml.术中术后无明显外科 发症.术后恢复顺利,19例尿液清亮、乳糜尿试验阴性,平均6d出院.术后随访6～24个月,除1例双侧手术患者时有尿液混浊,乳糜试验偶有阳性外,余19例患者症状均未复发.结论经腹腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术腹腔空间大、操作方便、损伤小、疗效好,是治疗乳糜尿的理想方法. 侧2例.均行经腹腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术(其中行双侧手术2例).术中使用超声刀游离肾脏、肾蒂及输尿管上段,     

Direct trocar insertion technique: an alternative for creation of pneumoperitoneum.

OBJECTIVES: The direct trocar insertion technique (DTI) for the creation of pneumoperitoneum has been described as an alternative to open and Veress needle (VN) techniques. This study assesses the safety and feasibility of direct trocar insertion without a pre-existing pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic procedures. METHODS: From November 2001 to February 2006, we retrospectively studied 196 (146 women and 50 men) consecutive patients. A single consultant laparoscopic surgeon performed all operations. The mean patient age was 57 years (range, 22 to 81). The procedures included 186 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 3 laparoscopic appendectomies, 1 laparoscopic Nissen, 5 laparoscopic groin hernia repairs, and 1 conversion to open surgery. RESULTS: Creation of pneumoperitoneum with DTI was feasible in 99.5% of patients. No major complications were associated with the technique. Immediate minor postoperative complications included 1 (0.5%) wound infection and 3 (1.5%) hematomas. At mean follow-up of 23 months, 4 (2%) umbilical wound stitch granulomas and 1 (0.5%) incisional hernia from the umbilical port site were observed. CONCLUSION: This study shows that that when performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon the direct trocar insertion technique is a safe and effective alternative for creation of pneumoperitoneum.     

Two-trocar adnexal surgery: a “quasi” scarless operation

Background This study aimed to explore the feasibility and safety of two-port abdominal cavity entry for adnexal surgery.Methods A series of patients undergoing laparoscopy for benign adnexal diseases requiring adnexectomy, ovariectomy, or salpingectomy were enrolled in the study. A 10-mm 0° umbilical operative laparoscope and one 3- or 5-mm suprapubic trocar were used. A grasping forceps was inserted through the ancillary trocar to displace medially and cranially the adnexa or the salpinx. The operation then was performed through the operative channel of the operative laparoscope.Results A total of 53 patients were enrolled. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in 10 cases. The median operative time was 39 min (range, 21–85 min). The median blood loss was 50 ml (range, 0–300 ml). The median size of the adnexal mass was 6 cm (range, 3–12 cm). No intraoperative complication occurred. At the 3-month follow-up visit, no extraumbilical abdominal scar was visible.Conclusions The use of a two-trocar technique is safe and highly appreciated by the patients it leaves no visible abdominal scars.     

Prevention of trocar site hernias: description of the safe port plug technique and preliminary results

The aim of this study was to describe a new technique to prevent the development of incisional hernias in trocar sites. Between March and June 2006, a pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the safe port plug technique using the Bioabsorbable Hernia Plug to prevent incisional hernia in trocar sites. The device was implanted in the umbilical trocar site (10-11 mm) of 17 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery during the study period. The mean follow-up of patients was 14.6 months. Implantation of the Bioabsorbable Hernia Plug device by the safe port plug technique was possible in all cases. No patient presented complications in the follow-up. Our preliminary experience suggests that this technique is simple and feasible, and we hypothesized that this technique could be superior to conventional fascial closure: a hypothesis that must be proven in a randomized prospective trial that is currently in progress.     

Safe laparoscopic adhesiolysis with optical access trocar and ultrasonic dissection

Background: The objective of this clinical study was to examine the feasibility, safety, and adequacy of hemostasis of combined use of an optical trocar and ultrasonic dissection in laparoscopic adhesiolysis in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Methods: In 105 patients, identification of anatomic layers of the abdominal wall, establishment of pneumoperitoneum, completeness of adhesiolysis, hemostasis, and complications and pain relief were studied. Results: All abdominal wall layers could be determined during introduction as well as adherence of intraabdominal organs at the introduction site. Ultrasonic dissection enables an (almost) complete adhesiolysis in 103 (98%) patients and offered adequate hemostasis in 101 (96%) patients. Four perforations during laparoscopic adhesiolysis and no late (thermal) perforations were observed. Conclusions: With an optical trocar a safe introduction site of the abdominal wall can be chosen. The ultrasonic technique offers a sound adhesiolysis with adequate hemostasis and fewer thermal perforations and adds to feasibility and safety of laparoscopic adhesiolysis.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥离术治疗乳糜尿的临床研究

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥离术治疗乳糜尿的可行性及初步疗效.方法 采用经脐单孔三通道入路,腹腔镜下对9例乳糜尿患者行肾蒂淋巴管剥离术.于脐部上沿取2～3 cm倒"U"形切口,置入自制单孔三通道装置建立工作通道.肾蒂的解削分离通过可弯曲钳及电凝钩进行;超声刀完成对肾蒂淋巴管的闭合和切断.结果 手术均在腹腔镜下完成,除2例增加1个5 mm套管外,7例手术成功.平均手术时间135(96～178)min;估计出血量平均126(50～250)ml.术后当天9例患者乳糜尿症状均消失;患者仅在脐部留一2.5 cm大小的手术瘢痕;术后随访1～6个月,乳糜尿症状未复发.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管剥离术治疗乳糜尿安全可行、疗效肯定,具有较好的微创美容效果.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic single-port transumbilical renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection (TRPLD) for treatment of chyluria. Methods Nine cases of chyluria underwent laparoscopic single-port TRPLD. In all cases a 2-3 cm single inverted Ushaped supraumbilical incision was made, two 5-mm and one 12-mm trocars were inserted, and a medical rubber glove was sutured surrounding the three trocars and incision was made for gas proofing.Conventional straight and flexible instruments were used for dissection. Results All laparoscopic operations were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 135 (96-178) minutes, and the mean estimated blood loss was 126 (50-250) ml. Chyluria disappeared in all patients after operation and did not reoccur during the follow-up (1 - 6 months).Conclusions Laparoscopic single-port transumbilical TRPLD represents a feasible and novel mini-invasive option for patients with chyluria.