姜堰市娱乐场所女性性工作者性病感染情况及相关因素分析

目的:了解姜堰市娱乐场所女性性工作者HIV?梅毒?丙型肝炎感染情况,为艾滋病行为干预工作提供科学依据?方法:采取匿名问卷调查方式,对娱乐场所女性性工作者进行询问,获取AIDS相关行为?知识?态度,同时抽取静脉血,进行HIV?梅毒和丙肝抗体检测?结果:调查对象817例,检测出HIV抗体阳性1例?梅毒抗体阳性24例及丙肝抗体阳性1例,其感染率分别为0.1%?2.9%?0.1%;AIDS知识知晓率为79.7%;最近1次与客人发生性行为时使用安全套率84.5%,最近1个月与客人发生性行为时每次均使用安全套率77.4%?在性服务时未使用安全套的女性性工作者梅毒感染率较使用安全套的高(χ2 = 4.64,P < 0.05)?结论:娱乐场所女性性工作者HIV及丙肝感染处于较低水平?梅毒感染处于较高水平,这部分人群存在对艾滋病流行的认知不足,安全套使用率低等多种危险行为,应在娱乐场所女性性工作者中广泛开展艾滋病防治知识宣传教育和推广使用安全套行为干预工作,消除危险因素,防止艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群蔓延,减少性病艾滋病通过性接触传播?     

南宁市2007年性服务工作者HIV综合监测结果分析

目的 了解南宁市某区性服务工作者(CSW)人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、行为态度和艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染情况.方法 按照艾滋病行为和血清学监测方案的操作程序及调查方法对南宁市某区女性商业性性服务工作者进行行为及血清学监测.结果 379例CSW者HIV感染率为0.5%(2/379),梅毒感染率3.2%(12/379),艾滋病知识总体知晓率为80.8%,最近一次、最近一次与客人发生性关系时安全套使用率73.1%、34.6%.结论 CSW性行为将在艾滋病向普通人群传播中起重要作用,应当加强综合干预等措施.     

深圳市300例MSM人群HIV/梅毒感染状况及行为学特征

目的了解深圳市部分男男同性性行为人群（MSM）艾滋病病毒（HIV）、梅毒感染状况,以及艾滋病相关危险行为,为预防控制性病、艾滋病传播提供依据。方法采用同伴推动抽样（RDS）法,收集2010年1月至2010年4月深圳市男男同性恋人群样本300例,并对该样本人群进行问卷调查,同时对该样本进行HIV和梅毒的实验室检测。结果300例研究对象中,HIV感染率为7.0%,梅毒感染率为12.0%,HIV梅毒合并感染率为2.9%;最近一次与男性发生性行为时安全套的使用率为65.3%,与女性发生性行为时安全套的使用率为48.9%。结论深圳市MSM人群HIV、梅毒感染率较高,危险性行为普遍存在,安全套使用率低,应加强对该人群艾滋病性病相关的宣传教育及干预工作,控制HIV的传播。     

惠农区女性性工作者性病艾滋病干预效果评价

目的评价在女性性工作者中开展安全套推广和健康教育对阻断性病艾滋病传播的效果。方法 2008年5月-2009年8月选择惠农区从事过以性换取金钱或以性换取毒品等商业性性活动的女性为干预对象,对干预对象开展安全套推广和健康教育,比较干预前后女性性工作者的艾滋病知识知晓率、安全套的使用率、梅毒感染率和HIV抗体阳性率。结果干预前后女性性工作者的艾滋病知识知晓率、过去1个月商业性性行为时安全套使用率分别为39.74%(122/307)和59.86%(179/299),干预后分别为56.92%和81.63%,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论在女性性工作者中开展安全套推广和健康教育,促使高危人群改变高危行为,减少危害,预防和控制艾滋病的流行是非常必要的。     

原州区高危行为人群艾滋病知识认识情况调查

目的了解原州区高危行为人群艾滋病预防知识知晓及行为状况,为开展有针对性的预防宣传教育提供依据。方法对原州区城区250家娱乐场所随机抽取高、中、低娱乐服务场所50家,戒毒所1家,每家按服务人员数抽3～8人,共调查高危人群350人,有效调查280人。由调查人员在调查对象知情同意后的情况下,进行一次艾滋病相关知识知晓情况调查,并采集静脉血样血清进行了HIV和梅毒的检测。结果总的艾滋病知识知晓率为21.5%,78.5%调查对象不能完整的回答正确的预防方法;22.14%调查对象回答在最近1个月与客人发生性关系时每次都坚持使用安全套,有7.86%的调查对象回答从未使用过安全套;41.1%的人接受艾滋病病毒及梅毒检测,检测HIV结果均为阴性,梅毒检测阳性2人,有5人前3个月注射过毒品,检测结果两项均为阴性。结论高危人群艾滋病预防知识认识程度缺乏,安全套使用率低,应尽早对该人群实施有效的行为干预措施,遏制艾滋病在高危行为人群中传播,今后应加大艾滋病防治知识宣传教育,以提高预防艾滋病健康教育和知晓率。     

邯郸市男男性行为者HIV感染状况及影响因素研究

目的了解邯郸市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况及其影响因素,为MSM人群行为干预工作提供依据。方法于2012年2～5月采用同伴推动(RDS)法,对MSM进行问卷调查,主要内容包括社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识知晓水平、性伴数量、性行为特征和接受干预服务情况,并抽取其静脉血检测HIV及梅毒。对影响HIV感染的相关因素进行χ2检验和logistic回归分析。结果调查了446名MSM,艾滋病知识知晓率达到91.9%。最近6个月,83.86%的调查对象有同性肛交性行为,与男性发生肛交性行为时每次都使用安全套的比例为57.62%。7.17%有同性商业性行为。30.72%有异性性行为,每次都使用安全套的比例为33.86%。HIV感染率为4.93%,梅毒感染率为10.76%,7人同时检出HIV和梅毒。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度在初中及以下、最近6个月与男性发生肛交性行为时未坚持使用安全套、多性伴、梅毒感染、未接受过艾滋病干预服务者是感染HIV的危险因素。结论邯郸市MSM人群危险性行为普遍存在,安全套使用率低,HIV感染率较高,应采取积极有效的宣传教育方式和行为干预活动控制HIV的传播。     

道里区205名失足妇女艾滋病知识、态度及行为调查报告

目的了解FSW人群的艾滋病防治知识、态度、行为状况,探索FSW人群综合干预模式,提高干预效果。方法通过进入高危场所接触目标人群,开展一对一访谈,填写调查问卷并征得其同意,采集血液样品用于检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒(TP)及丙型肝炎(HCV)。结果 205名受访者艾滋病知识知晓率95.12%,性行为安全套使用率97.07%。接受艾滋病干预措施比率99.51%,检出梅毒9例、丙肝1例,HIV未检出。205名受访者中接受艾滋病检测并知晓结果的186人,达到90.73%。结论虽然FSW人群接受干预服务率、艾滋病知识知晓率,最近一次安全套使用率均较高,但持续使用安全套比率较低,而且梅毒患病率有所提高,显示仅仅通过高频次行为干预并不能降低其疾病的感染率,如何有效提高安全套的持续使用率,是下一步工作中面临的主要问题。     

银川市312名MSM人群艾滋病相关知识、行为状况调查

目的 了解银川市男男性接触人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病相关知识、行为状况及HIV感染率.方法 采用分类滚雪球抽样方法对MSM人群的调查对象进行问卷调查,比较各类型人群的艾滋病预防知识、行为情况.结幂共调查312名MSM,平均年龄27.7岁,未婚69.9%,回族占18.9%,大专以上占39.1%;艾滋病知识知晓率93.6%,最近一次与男性肛交性行为安全套使用率79.3%,近6个月每次都使用安全套的比例为56%;MSM近6个月与女性发生性行为的比例为37.5%,安全套使用率为47%;HIV感染率1.9%,梅毒感染率2.9%.结论 银川市MSM中安全套使用率低,高危性行为普遍存在,艾滋病病毒在该人群中的流行将成为可能,而且流行还可能蔓延到女性人群,需加大干预力度.     

长治市娱乐场所318名女性性工作者梅毒 HIV监测结果分析

目的：为了解长治市娱乐场所女性性工作者中HIV及性病发病及流行状况,制定防治措施提供依据。方法：在自愿接受调查的前提下采用单纯随机抽样方法,对长治市城区8家娱乐场所318名女性性工作者进行了HIV和梅毒检测。结果：性工作者年龄最大54岁,最小17岁,平均年龄20岁～25岁。未婚172名,占调查人数的占54．1％;从未使用安全套者49人,占到15．4％,每次都使用者占67．3％：梅毒、HIV检测全部为阴性。结论：娱乐场所女性性工作者为艾滋病高危人群,虽未检出HIV、梅毒,但安全套使用率较低,应进一步加强对性工作的健康防护知识宣传和行为干预,同时,社会相关部门协调配合,打击卖淫嫖娼,加强性病艾滋病综合治理力废。     

进城务工人员中男男性行为人群HIV感染率及其影响因素分析

目的 了解进城务工人员男男性行为人群(man who has sex with men,MSM) HIV感染率及相关危险行为特征,为开展有针对性的干预工作提供科学建议.方法 通过同伴推荐的方法招募调查对象进行面对面的问卷调查并采血检测HIV与梅毒,描述性分析HIV感染率及相关行为特征,通过多因素Logistic回归分析鉴别HIV感染的独立影响因素.结果 共计招募调查进城务工人员MSM 140人,年龄(35.1±9.7)岁,艾滋病知识知晓率为72.9％,过去1年接受干预服务的比例低于50％.最近6个月与男性发生肛交的比例为87.9％,最近6个月与男性发生肛交时每次都使用安全套的比例为29.3％.最近6个月与女性发生性行为的比例为41.4％,最近6个月与女性发生性行为时每次都使用安全套的比例为10.3％.HIV与梅毒感染率分别为20.7％与9.3％.多因素回归分析结果提示年龄(OR =3.02,95％CI:1.63～5.59)、过去1年接受过免费的安全套发放(OR=0.22,95％ CI:0.09～0.57)、梅毒感染(OR =4.12,95％CI:1.06～15.96)是HIV感染率的独立影响因素.结论 进城务工人员MSM人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率低、接受干预服务的比例低、与女性发生性行为的比例较高、安全套使用率低、HIV与梅毒感染率高,提示HIV将在该人群中加速传播,因其双性性行为,将促进HIV由MSM人群向普通人群传播.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.