听神经瘤手术涉及的面神经段显微解剖及临床意义

目的探讨听神经瘤涉及的面神经段显微解剖．为听神经瘤手术提供解剖学数据。方法采用10％甲醛溶液充分同定的成人尸头标本15例，对面神经的脑干端、桥小脑角段、内耳道段及其毗邻结构进行测量和拍摄。结果面神经脑干端与周同解剖结构有恒定距离；桥小脑角段由面神经运动根、中间神经组成，与前庭蜗神经走行关系恒定；内耳道段面神经运动根在位听神经前上方．中间神经和面神经运动根在内耳道中部合成一干，面神经在内耳道底的横嵴上垂直嵴前走行：迷路段是面神经在颞骨内最短、最细的部分。结论研究听神经瘤涉及的面神经段显微解剖，有助于听神经瘤的切除，保护面神经。     

大型听神经瘤的显微手术治疗与面神经保护

目的探讨大型听神经瘤的显微手术治疗及面神经的保护。方法54例大型听神经瘤（直径＞3cm）患者,均在面神经及脑干电生理监测下采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术切除,术中采用长＂S＂形或直形切口,开枕骨骨瓣直径约4cm,显露横窦和乙状窦,放出枕大池脑脊液,再行显微镜下分离及切除肿瘤,术后对其面神经功能进行随防。结果全切49例（91%）,近全切5例,面神经保留51例,保留率为94%,无死亡病例。结论显微手术与面神经的电生理监测是大型听神经瘤得以全切并保留面神经的关键,扎实的显微解剖知识、娴熟的显微手术技巧及完善的手术中监测是手术成功的保障。     

大型囊性听神经瘤的临床特点及显微手术治疗

目的 探讨大型囊性听神经瘤的临床特征,总结显微手术治疗经验.方法 对经显微手术治疗的24例大型囊性及50例大型实性听神经瘤进行回顾性对比分析.结果 囊性肿瘤全切17例(71%),次全切6例(25%),大部切除1例(4%),面神经解剖保留20例(83%).实性肿瘤全切45例(90%),次全切5例(10%),面神经解剖保留45例(90%).囊性肿瘤首发症状多不典型,病程短,脑积水发生率高.结论 大型囊性听神经瘤发展迅速,应及时手术治疗.应用显微外科技术,对与神经组织紧密粘连的肿瘤,采取次全切除的策略,有助于面神经的保护,提高临床效果.     

大型听神经瘤显微切除术中应用IFNM技术可视化面神经

目的探讨术中面神经监测(IFNM)技术在显微切除大型听神经瘤过程中保留面神经的效果。方法对86例单侧大型听神经瘤(直径≥3cm)病人采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微切除肿瘤。切开肿瘤背侧包膜前,根据电刺激肿瘤表面及边缘产生的激发性肌电图来探查并确认面神经的行走路径;术中采用自发性肌电图监测面神经,使其免受牵拉、挤压或损伤,交替采用激发性肌电图实时探查、确认面神经,从而在虚拟状态下达到面神经"可视化"。结果本组肿瘤全切除79例,占91.9%;次全切除5例,占5.8%;大部分切除2例,占2.3%。面神经解剖保留74例,保留率达86.0%;实用听力保留28例,占32.6%。术后面神经功能House-Brackman分级:Ⅰ～Ⅱ级64例,占74.4%;Ⅲ～Ⅳ级15例,占17.4%;Ⅴ～Ⅵ级7例,占8.2%。结论采用IFNM技术术中"可视化"面神经是大型听神经瘤切除术后面神经得以保留的关键,而娴熟的显微手术技巧、扎实的桥小脑角局部解剖知识是手术成功的保障。     

大型听神经瘤显微手术保存面神经功能的治疗体会

目的总结53例大型听神经瘤患者显微切除术后近、远期疗效，探讨手术中、术后如何最大可能的保存面神经功能。方法我们对1995-2005年收治的53例大型听神经瘤患者从切口设计、分离方法、术后管理等多方面采取改进措施，提高治疗质量，术后患者进行6个月至10年以上随访．观察面神经功能恢复的情况。结果53例全部解剖保存了面神经：术后除部分患者不同程度面瘫外无明显其它手术直接并发症；经6个月至10年以上随访，48例患者面神经功能有不同程度的恢复，18例恢复至基本正常。结论即使是大型听神经瘤。只要手术方法适合．术后管理得当，面神经功能保存也是可能的。     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

目的 探讨听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测技术的常见问题与对策,提高面神经解剖保留率,并对解剖保留的面神经进行功能评价.方法 25例听神经瘤患者手术时均在面神经电生理监测下进行,全部采用枕下乙状窦后入路,显微外科切除肿瘤,肿瘤切除后对面神经功能进行评价.结果 肿瘤全切除25例(100%),无手术死亡;面神经解剖保留23例,占92%.面神经功能状态H-B分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级5例,Ⅴ级1例.术末刺激强度越小,术后面神经功能越好;低于0.5 mA同时面肌肌电波幅大于100 μV,面神经功能可达Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;术末刺激强度大于2 mA波幅反应不明显时,术后面神经功能恢复不理想.结论 术中自发或诱发式神经电生理监测技术的灵活应用可明显提高面神经解剖保留率和功能保留率,对其定量分析有助于术后面神经功能的判断.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤切除面神经保留技术探讨

目的：探讨和分析中,大型听神经瘤手术面神经保留技术,方法：135例听神经瘤病人,采用枕下开颅乙状窦后经内听道人路,显微外切除肿瘤,在面神经监护下,观察肿瘤与面神经的病理解剖关系,术后随访时间4个月至3年,结果,肿瘤全切除125例（93％）,近全切4例（2．9％）,次全切6例（4．4％）,面神经解剖保留122例（90％）,13例（9％）解剖未能保留面神经,结论：术中首先识别不与肿瘤粘连的面神经脑干端及内听道端,再从再端沿面神经锐性分离肿瘤,是面神经解保留的技术关键。     

大型听神经瘤术后面神经功能的动态变化

目的探讨大型听神经瘤面神经解剖保留后面神经功能变化.方法对31例解剖保留面神经的大型听神经瘤的面神经功能行动态观察.结果术后1 d、3 d、1周、3个月、6个月和1年,面神经功能达House-BrackmannⅡ级者分别为74.19%、16.13%、9.68%、18.18%、52.38%和66.67%,A组(31～40 mm)和B组(41～50 mm)面神经功能术后3 d较术后1 d明显恶化,3个月时已稳定,术后6个月较术后3 d明显改善.C组(>50 mm)虽术后3 d较术后1 d变化不明显,但术后1周较第3 d时恶化,术后1年较术后1周明显改善.结论面神经解剖保留并不意味着功能的保留,面神经解剖保留后常出现面神经功能的恶化.肿瘤小于和/或等于50 mm者面神经功能恶化发生较早,功能改善较早,而肿瘤大于50 mm者面神经功能恶化发生较晚,功能改善较晚.     

枕下经乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤的手术策略和疗效

目的探讨经枕下经乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤的手术策略并评价其疗效。 方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2017年12月海军军医大学附属长征医院神经外科收治的319例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者均采用枕下经乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤,术中全程采用神经电生理监测。采用House-Brackmann面神经功能分级（简称H-B分级）评估术后面神经功能。 结果319例患者中,全切除和次全切除291例（91.2%）,大部分切除28例（8.8%）。术后无并发症221例（69.3%）,发生颅内感染39例（12.2%）,其他部位感染28例（8.8%）,颅内出血11例（3.5%）,饮水呛咳10例（3.1%）,脑脊液漏10例（3.1%）。死亡3例（0.9%）。共262例患者获随访,随访时间为3～89个月（中位时间为42个月）。术后3～6个月H-B分级Ⅰ级148例（56.5%）,Ⅱ级72例（27.5%）,Ⅲ级26例（9.9%）,Ⅳ级16例（6.1%）。随访期内肿瘤复发5例（1.9%）,死亡1例。 结论采用枕下经乙状窦后入路,术中进行神经电生理监测结合显微外科技术,可安全、有效切除听神经瘤,疗效满意,复发率低。     

显微手术切除大型听神经瘤的面神经功能保护

目的 探讨提高大型听神经瘤（LAN）的手术切除效果及对面神经的功能保护。方法 作分析了230例LAN（直径＞30mm)患手术前后的临床特征。本组均经CT或MRI扫描诊断，采取经枕下－乙状窦后入路并应用显微外科技术对肿瘤行切除术。结果 186例（80．9％）获全切除，33例（14．3％）次全切除，余11例（4．8％）为部分切除，术后3例（1．3％）死亡。术中面神经解剖学保留率为82．6％（190例）。203例经长期随访观察（平均3．8年），其中191例（94．1％）恢复良好。结论 采用显微外科技术经枕下－乙状窦后入路切除LAN，使面神经获得了较好的解剖学保留与功能保存，对＞30mm直径的听神经瘤，作推荐应用该入路和显微外科技术进行切除，疗效满意。     

弥散张量成像在听神经瘤术中面神经定位中的应用价值

目的探讨术前弥散张量成像(DTI)在听神经瘤手术面神经定位中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2019年10月德阳市人民医院神经外科手术治疗的17例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。术前采用DTI重建追踪面神经的位置,以术中神经电生理监测结果作为金标准,计算DTI定位面神经的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及曲线下面积(AUC);采用Kappa一致性检验评价术前DTI重建面神经的结果与术中神经电生理监测面神经定位的一致性。结果17例患者术前行DTI重建均成功追踪面神经,术中采用神经电生理监测均成功定位面神经的实际位置,其中15例与术前DTI重建面神经的位置相符合,2例与DTI不相符合,包括1例术中神经电生理监测显示面神经位于肿瘤腹侧前上部,而术前DTI显示面神经位于肿瘤上级,1例术中神经电生理监测显示面神经位于肿瘤腹侧前下部,而术前DTI显示面神经位于肿瘤下级术前DTI定位面神经的灵敏度为83.3%,特异度为80.0%,准确率为76.5%,AUC=0.900(P=0.011),与术中神经电生理监测定位面神经具有一定的一致性(Kappa=0.734,P<0.01)。结论术前011对听神经瘤手术中面神经的定位具有较高的特异性,有助于术中保护面神经,从而减少面神经的损伤。     

听神经瘤的显微外科治疗和面神经功能保护的探讨

目的 探讨听神经瘤的显微外科手术技巧及保留面神经的技术。 方法 福建医科大学附属第一医院神经外科自2002年8月至2010年12月经枕下乙状窦后（骨瓣成型、锁孔）入路显微手术治疗听神经瘤患者168例,术中在面肌肌电图监测下采取囊内切除与囊壁切除交替进行、双向会合、锐性分离面神经等技术切除肿瘤,并回顾性分析显微手术的技巧和疗效。 结果 肿瘤全切149例(88.69％),部分切除19例(11.31％);面神经解剖学保留146例(86.9％);死亡2例(1.19％)。术后6个月按House Blackmann标准评估面神经功能：Ⅰ、Ⅱ级91例(54.16％),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级52例(30.95％),Ⅴ、Ⅵ级25例(14.89％)。 结论 经枕下乙状窦后（骨瓣成型、锁孔）入路显微手术治疗听神经瘤安全有效;利用术中面肌肌电图监测可以提高面神经解剖保留率;熟练掌握显微手术技巧是全切肿瘤、解剖保留面神经的关键。     

多学科协作治疗大型听神经瘤的临床研究

目的评估多学科协作治疗大型听神经瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性收集2010年1月至2016年3月复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科实行多学科协作流程治疗的大型听神经瘤（直径I〉3cm）患者的临床资料,共266例。全部患者术中行神经电生理监测,对术中面神经离断者行一期吻合修复,围手术期行心理评估,术后行面肌功能康复训练。结果266例患者中,肿瘤全切除261例（98．1％）,次全切除5例（1．9％）,无一例死亡患者。面神经解剖保留248例（93．2％）;围手术期共济失调27例（10．1％）,颅内感染23例（8．6％）,耳鸣11例（4．1％）,后组脑神经损伤7例（2．6％）,脑脊液漏3例（1．1％）;术后1个月内面神经功能House—Brackmann（H—B）分级I级和Ⅱ级者125例（47．O％）,Ⅲ级者70例（26．3％）,≥Ⅳ级者71例（26．7％）。随访252例（94．7％）,随访时间为12—87个月,平均（42．7±19．9）个月。252例患者中,术后1个月内面神经功能H—BI级和Ⅱ级者119例（47．2％）,Ⅲ级68例（27．0％）,≥Ⅳ级者65例（25．8％）;术后1年I级和Ⅱ级者184例（73．0％）,Ⅲ级36例（14．3％）,≥Ⅳ级者32例（12．7％）,改善率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。193例术前有残留听力的患者中,术后60例听力保留,总听力保留率为31．1％。结论多学科协作治疗大型听神经瘤可以提高肿瘤的全切除率,并有效保护神经功能,降低围手术期病死率及并发症,术后有效促进面神经功能恢复。