单式补泻手法的基本操作及现代研究

针刺手法是实现补虚泻实的重要环节.广义的针刺手法包括进针、行针、留针、出针等针刺操作的全过程;狭义的针刺手法是指进针之后到出针之前所采用的各种行针和补泻手法.合理的针刺操作,能减少病人不必要的痛苦,提高疗效.针刺单式补泻手法的基本操作有捻转补泻法、提插补泻法、徐疾补泻法、迎随补泻法、呼吸补泻法、开阖补泻法、平补平泻法.     

论针刺徐疾补泻法

论针刺徐疾补泻法边丽娜天津中医学院（３００１９３）关键词针灸学针刺手法中图分类号Ｒ２４５．３《黄帝内经》开创了针刺补泻手法的先河，其论述的补泻手法有：徐疾补泻、呼吸补泻、迎随补泻和开阖补泻，其中徐疾补泻为《内经》补泻手法的核心，也是历来古今医家所承认...     

针刺补泻手法规范化研究的相关问题

针刺手法的建立是为目的服务的,补泻手法与其效应缺少足够的对应关系.明确手法与针刺效应的关系、手法与针刺流程的关系、区别认识单式补泻手法与复式补泻手法的操作流程,对针刺补泻手法的规范化研究尤为重要.     

《内经》针刺补泻探讨

通过分析《内经》对针刺补泻的记载,以针刺补泻的目的、原则、判断、操作到疗效的思路,勾勒《内经》针刺补泻的完整框架,较翔实反映《内经》针刺补泻的整体风貌。通过研究发现,《内经》针刺补泻以调气为根本目的,以调神为核心内涵;在以补虚泻实为针刺补泻总则的基础上重视先补虚后泻实和据二十五种人不同体质补泻;以脉象虚实,皮肤寒热坚软为判断补泻的依据;记载了迎随补泻等7种补泻手法,为后世补泻手法的发展奠定了坚实的基础;重视神心意的变化和调节;以患者感觉、脉象及皮肤温度的变化为针刺补泻施术后的疗效评价标准。     

谈针刺补泻手法

针刺的补泻手法是针刺手法中的一个内容，最早见于秦汉以前的医学文献《灵枢》和《素问》中以后历代针灸书籍，又提出了许多不同的方法，如提插补泻、捻转补泻、迎随补泻、呼吸补泻、子母补泻、纳支补泻、开阖补泻、九六补泻等单式补泻手法，以及烧山火、透天凉、阳中隐阴、阴中隐阳、子午捣臼、龙虎交战、五藏交经等复式补泻手法。针刺补泻手法究竞有无实际价值是目前广大从事针灸工作者比较关心的问题，在这里浅析初步的看法对这些古代的针刺补泻手法加以整理。     

针刺补泻手法研讨

针刺补泻手法究竟是否存在,历来是针灸界争论的一个焦点。就一般情况而言,大致有四种看法。其一:不存在针刺补泻手法。其二:只有泻而无补。其三:只存在轻重两种针刺手法,其中轻刺激是补法,重刺激是泻法。其四:补泻的针刺手法是存在的。鉴于以上四种观点,归根到底就是针刺补泻手法的存在与否。笔者查阅了有关文献。拟从“对补泻与虚实的概念的认识”、“传统补泻手法的立法依     

针刺补泻效应的影响因素探析

目的探析针刺补泻效应的影响因素,阐述补泻手法、机体状态和穴位特性对针刺补泻效应的不同影响。方法结合针刺补泻的研究进展,分别以补泻手法、机体状态及穴位特性为切入点进行探讨。结果以补泻手法为切入点发现,补法可促进机体亢进,泻法则可抑制机体亢进,补泻效应与补泻手法之间可形成明确的正相关性;机体状态对补泻效应的影响,体现于机体状态处于低下时,无论补泻均可使机体状态亢奋,而机体处于状态亢奋时,无论补泻均可使机体状态低下,补泻效应的产生在一定情况下依赖于机体状态的自我调衡;穴位特性对靶器官补泻效应的影响,体现于穴位自身的生理特性决定了穴位对靶器官的效应方向,同时穴位对靶器官的特定调控作用是其效应表达的重要基础之一。结论针刺补泻效应与补泻手法、机体状态及穴位特性三方面皆有关系,针灸时需把握患者机体状态,辨明病证虚实,熟悉腧穴特性,施以正确的补泻手法,才能将补泻效应发挥更佳。     

也谈针刺补泻——与张桐卿同志商榷

针刺补泻手法存在与否历来是针灸界争论的焦点。近来拜读张桐卿同志三作:“针刺补泻有否”①;“浅论针刺补泻”②;“微针旨在调气”之后③,受益非浅。但对张氏仅强调“气至有效”的重要性,却否认针刺补泻手法存在的观点不敢苟同。为此提出几点商榷意见。     

“烧山火”针刺手法的临床运用

笔者运用传统针刺补泻手法“烧山火”，治疗痹症、痛症取得了较好的效果，进一步印证了针刺补泻手法的临床价值。     

用整体观看单式针刺补泻手法间的关系

针刺补泻手法是历代针灸医家在长期医疗实践中创造和总结出来的、行之有效的针刺治疗技法。文章对各种单式针刺补泻手法操作和相互之间的关系进行讨论,认为各单式补泻手法不是孤立的个体,而是相互补充,相互衔接,融会贯通的有机整体。     

试论管氏针灸处方原则及取穴精要

着重介绍了管氏独特的针灸处方原则及取穴精要,以及导师在针灸临床处方中针灸取穴的基本规律.     

管氏针刺方法学术特点探析

从学术渊源、经络辨证、针法穴法、时间医学、舌针体系、热针疗法等方面分析探讨了管氏针刺方法的学术特点。总结名医经验,弘扬祖国医学。     

高宏主任基于“导气针法”为主治疗感音神经性耳聋经验浅析

高主任长期从事耳鸣耳聋相关疾病的临床实践研究,认为针刺时耳道内出现的循经感传现象与针刺疗效联系密切,于长期临床实践中发现“导气针法”能有效激发耳道内循经感传现象,据此提出基于“导气针法”为主治疗本病,取得较满意的疗效。笔者通过临床跟诊,从选穴组方、特色手法运用、临床验案3个方面总结高宏主任以“导气针法”为主治疗感音神经性耳聋的临床经验,其经验值得深入学习和推广应用。     

管正斋老中医刺法经验简介

介绍管正斋老中医刺法经验，阐述了单针透刺法、两针傍刺法、三针齐刺法、四针恢刺法、五针扬刺法、多针连刺法的针刺方法及临床运用；探讨了管氏刺法的理论渊源和学术特点。     

针刺推拿治疗慢性疲劳综合征的临床研究

目的探讨中医针刺推拿治疗慢性疲劳综合征的临床效果。方法选择30例符合慢性疲劳综合征诊断标准的患者。治疗开始前用简式McGill疼痛问卷对患者进行评分,经过针灸推拿治疗后再对患者进行简式McGill疼痛问卷评分以研究治疗效果。结果通过治疗前对患者进行简式McGill疼痛问卷评分和治疗后在对患者进行的简式McGill疼痛问卷评分的统计学分析治疗前分值和治疗后分值有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论说明针刺推拿治疗慢性疲劳综合征的肢体疼痛有明显疗效。在缓解疼痛的同时也大大改善了患者的记忆力减退、失眠症状和精神状态差等一系列症状。由此我们认为在治疗慢性疲劳综合征上传统的针刺推拿是十分有效的。     

Evidence and Expert Opinions: Drying Needling versus Acupuncture(Ⅱ)——The American Alliance for Professional Acupuncture Safety(AAPAS) White Paper 2016

In the United States and other Western countries, dry needling has been a topic in academic and legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of dry needling versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professionals, administrators, policymakers, and the general public by providing the authoritative evidence and expertise regarding critical issues of dry needling and reaching a consensus. We conclude that Dr. Travell, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Baldry and others who have promoted dry needling by simply rebranding(1) acupuncture as dry needling and(2) acupuncture points as trigger points(dry needling points). Dry needling simply using English biomedical terms(especially using "fascia" hypothesis) in replace of their equivalent Chinese medical terms. Dry needling is an over-simplified version of acupuncture derived from traditional Chinese acupuncture except for emphasis on biomedical language when treating neuromuscularskeletal pain(dry needling promoters redefined it as "myofascial pain"). Trigger points belong to the category of Ashi acupuncture points in traditional Chinese acupuncture, and they are not a new discovery. By applying acupuncture points, dry needling is actually trigger point acupuncture, an invasive therapy(a surgical procedure) instead of manual therapy. Dr. Travell admitted to the general public that dry needling is acupuncture, and acupuncture professionals practice dry needling as acupuncture therapy and there are several criteria in acupuncture profession to locate trigger points as acupuncture points. Among acupuncture schools, dry needling practitioners emphasize acupuncture's local responses while other acupuncturists pay attention to the responses of both local, distal, and whole body responses. For patients' safety, dry needling practitioners should meet standards required for licensed acupuncturists and physicians.     

Evidence and Expert Opinions:Drying Needling versus Acupuncture (Ⅱ)——The American Alliance for Professional Acupuncture Safety (AAPAS) White Paper 2016

In the United States and other Western countries, dry needling has been a topic in academic and legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of dry needling versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professionals, administrators, policymakers, and the general public by providing the authoritative evidence and expertise regarding critical issues of dry needling and reaching a consensus. We conclude that Dr. Travell, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Baldry and others who have promoted dry needling by simply rebranding (1) acupuncture as dry needling and (2) acupuncture points as trigger points (dry needling points). Dry needling simply using English biomedical terms (especially using "fascia" hypothesis) in replace of their equivalent Chinese medical terms. Dry needling is an over-simplified version of acupuncture derived from traditional Chinese acupuncture except for emphasis on biomedical language when treating neuromuscularskeletal pain (dry needling promoters redefined it as "myofascial pain"). Trigger points belong to the category of Ashi acupuncture points in traditional Chinese acupuncture, and they are not a new discovery. By applying acupuncture points, dry needling is actually trigger point acupuncture, an invasive therapy (a surgical procedure) instead of manual therapy. Dr. Travell admitted to the general public that dry needling is acupuncture, and acupuncture professionals practice dry needling as acupuncture therapy and there are several criteria in acupuncture profession to locate trigger points as acupuncture points. Among acupuncture schools, dry needling practitioners emphasize acupuncture's local responses while other acupuncturists pay attention to the responses of both local, distal, and whole body responses. For patients' safety, dry needling practitioners should meet standards required for licensed acupuncturists and physicians.     

数字化虚拟人体为针刺手法研究提供新的平台

数字化虚拟人体研究是以先进的信息技术和生物技术相结合的方式进行真实人体信息数字化的研究。针刺手法是针灸的精华和针刺疗效的关键,虽然诸多研究人员对针刺手法进行了有益的探索,但都不令人满意。在针刺研究领域中采用数字化虚拟人体研究,可实现针刺手法的三维立体表达,可以精确形象地展示针刺操作的手法过程,可使针刺手法的效应机制研究取得更大的进展。在总结众人研究的基础上,认为借助数字化虚拟人体进行针刺手法的深入研究意义重大。     

张缙教授学术思想渊源及启示

张缙教授从医60余载,从实践到理论,完善了针灸手法的基本功训练、单式手法、复式手法、针刺得气和针刺补泻等理论,并通过实验反复验证,在针刺手法研究方面取得丰硕成果,他对针刺手法的研究,在全国范围都有举足轻重的地位。张缙教授先后参与国家古籍校释工作,研究古代针刺手法,组织经络科研工作,开展针灸进修教育,将其毕生心血投入到针灸学术事业中。笔者有幸跟随张缙教授多年,对张缙教授的学术思想有了初步的了解,为探求张缙教授学术思想的起源,把其学术思想传承发扬,在张缙教授的指导下,结合检索相关文献,搜集本人口述等方法,了解张缙教授学术思想的渊源。     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.