冠状动脉旁路手术中动脉材料的选择与应用

目的 在冠状动脉旁路手术(CABG)中寻求动脉材料作旁路移植，减少因大隐静脉桥(SVG)阻塞对远期通畅率的影响。方法 34例冠心病患者以乳内动脉(IMA)和桡动脉(RA)作为血管桥行CABG，采用不接触血管技术制备动脉桥，应用药物防止动脉痉挛。结果 取乳内动脉35根，桡动脉20根，大隐静脉11根，平均移植血管1．94支，死亡1例，手术死亡率2．9％。结论 使用动脉材料行旁路移植术安全有效，预计能保持移植血管长期通畅。     

冠脉旁路移植术后再发急性心肌梗死136例临床分析

目的:评估冠脉旁路移植术后再发急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者冠脉造影特点和成功再血管化对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析136例行冠脉旁路移植术后再发AMI患者(包括STEMI和NSTEMI)冠脉造影特点、临床表现、心电图和心脏彩超特征。结果:91.7%的STEMI患者和57.1%的NSTEMI患者罪犯血管是桥血管(P=0.001),其中,静脉桥血管是罪犯血管的比例超过动脉桥血管(210根静脉桥中82根vs 165根动脉桥中4根,P0.001)。自体冠状动脉100%成功行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI),桥血管成功行PCI 86.1%(P=0.002)。院内病死率8.1%,其中STEMI患者病死率16.7%,NSTEMI患者病死率6.3%(P=0.104)。PCI成功患者病死率3.3%,PCI失败患者病死率70%(P0.001)。结论:冠脉旁路移植术后再发AMI患者,罪犯血管更有可能是静脉桥血管,自体冠状动脉行PCI的成功率更高,成功行PCI术能显著降低病死率。     

全骨骼化动脉血管桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的:总结分析全骨骼化(skeletonized)动脉血管桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术早期结果和使用经验。方法:102例冠心病患者接受全骨骼化动脉血管桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果:远端吻合口平均(3．3±1．6)个。组合Y或I血管桥32例,序贯吻合52例。术后并发脑梗塞合并败血症、多脏器功能衰竭各1例,并发肺部感染3例,手术死亡2例。术后随访(8．2±2．8)个月,远期无死亡或心脏事件患者。结论:使用超声刀对动脉血管桥进行骨骼化采取是安全可行的。     

复合桥血管在冠状动脉病变合并升主动脉严重钙化小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用及对中期通畅率的影响

目的探讨Y型复合桥血管(左胸廓内动脉-桡动脉、左胸廓内动脉-大隐静脉)在左前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)中的应用以及术后中期通畅率。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年5月38例冠状动脉病变合并升主动脉严重钙化患者应用Y型复合桥血管的MIDCAB临床资料。男29例、女9例,年龄56~83〔平均(67.8±8.2)〕岁,通过冠状动脉血管造影(CTA)评估术后1年桥血管通畅率。结果全例均顺利完成MIDCAB,无术中转正中开胸,平均手术时间为(3.6±1.1)h,24例采用左胸廓内动脉-桡动脉Y型复合桥血管,14例采用左胸廓内动脉-大隐静脉Y型复合桥血管,平均吻合移植血管(2.7±0.5)支。无围术期二次开胸止血、无术后脑卒中发生以及围术期心梗发生,围术期新发心房颤动3例,经对症治疗恢复窦性心律;肾衰竭1例,经血液透析治愈;ICU入住时间(52.8±19.2)h,全组无住院死亡。术后1年通过冠状动脉CTA随访显示,桥血管的总通畅率为97.1%,其中全部患者左胸廓内动脉-左前降支吻合口通畅率为100%,左胸廓内动脉-桡动脉组出现桡动脉桥血管线征1例,左胸廓内动脉-大隐静脉桥血管阻塞1例,累积桥血管通畅率:左胸廓内动脉-桡动脉桥血管与靶血管吻合通畅率为95.8%,左胸廓内动脉-大隐静脉与靶血管吻合通畅率为92.8%(P>0.05)。结论对于冠心病合并升主动脉严重钙化患者而言,MIDCAB术中采用Y型复合桥血管安全、有效,中期通畅率良好。全动脉桥血管(左胸廓内动脉-桡动脉)是最佳方案,但对于桡动脉无法使用或获取后可能发生手部缺血等并发症的患者,左胸廓内动脉-大隐静脉复合桥血管仍是一种良好的选择。     

全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用与疗效观察

目的探讨全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技术.方法42例接受全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,其中男性37例,女性5例,年龄28～73岁,平均(57.43±7.45)岁.体外循环下搭桥16例,非体外循环下心脏不停跳搭桥26例.人均旁路3.08支(1～5支),左乳内动脉(IMA)34例,双侧IMA 8例,左侧桡动脉(RA)33例,双侧RA 9例,胃网膜右动脉(GEA)1例. 结果术后仅1例患者因多器官功能衰竭死亡(死亡率2.4%),41例(97.6%)症状明显改善,康复出院.结论全动脉化搭桥手术早期临床效果满意.     

全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用与疗效观察

目的:探讨全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技术。 方法:42例接受全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,其中男性37例,女性5例,年龄28～73岁,平均(57.43±7.45)岁。体外循环下搭桥16例,非体外循环下心脏不停跳搭桥26例。人均旁路3.08支(1～5支),左乳内动脉(IMA)34例,双侧IMA 8例,左侧桡动脉(RA)33例,双侧RA 9例,胃网膜右动脉(GEA)1例。 结果:术后仅1例患者因多器官功能衰竭死亡(死亡率2.4％),41例(97.6％)症状明显改善,康复出院。 结论:全动脉化搭桥手术早期临床效果满意。     

风湿性心脏病合并冠心病的同期外科治疗

目的 探讨风湿性心脏病合并冠心病的同期外科治疗,提高手术效果.方法 回顾性分析9例患者同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术和心脏瓣膜手术的临床资料及远期随访资料,其中二尖瓣置换6例,二尖瓣成形2例,主动脉置换1例.合并冠状动脉单支病变中7例用左乳内动脉做血管桥,二支病变中1例用左乳内动脉加大隐静脉做血管桥,1例用左乳内动脉加左桡动脉做血管桥.结果 术后平均呼吸机辅助时间19 h,平均重症监护室监护时间2.6天,出院前行超声检查心功能,射血分数上升0%～20%.发生呼吸功能不全3例,严重心律失常3例,出血再次开胸1例,经治疗均好转.心绞痛不同程度消失,无围手术期死亡,远期随访心功能明显改善.结论 积极、正确的围手术期处理, 改善心功能,尽量缩短主动脉阻断时间,术中心肌保护良好,是提高瓣膜病合并冠心病患者手术成功率、降低死亡率、减少并发症的关键.     

多支动脉桥在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

在冠状动脉旁路移植术中,动脉桥血管的远期通畅率高于大隐静脉,多支动脉桥在冠脉旁路移植术中的应用提高了患者的远期疗效。双侧乳内动脉、桡动脉及胃网膜右动脉均可作为动脉桥血管。该文介绍了各种动脉桥血管的特点、临床疗效、应用中可能遇到的问题及处理方法等。     

前降支旁路移植策略桥血管选择及通畅率研究

冠状动脉旁路移植术是治疗冠心病的有效手段。左前降支作为冠状动脉三大分支之一,其再血管化对于抢救患者生命、改善缺血症状非常重要,尤其是内乳动脉到左前降支的吻合至今仍是冠状动脉再血管化的“金标准”。对左前降支进行旁路移植术,可选择的桥血管材料包括游离或原位左右乳内动脉,游离或原位胃网膜右动脉,游离桡动脉、大隐静脉等。但是不同桥血管到左前降支的吻合策略和通畅率仍有待深入研究,本文总结了近30年的国内外文献资料,初步探讨不同桥血管选择策略及左前降支旁路移植的通畅率。     

双侧乳内动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术早期桥血管通畅性分析

目的分析使用双侧乳内动脉(BIMA)行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后的桥血管通畅情况。方法回顾性分析2015年12月~2017年8月于中国医学科学院阜外医院心外科应用BIMA行CABG的182例患者的临床资料,其中男性153例,女性29例,平均年龄(56.2±7.2)岁。分析患者术中即刻桥血管流量、手术效果,并通过出院前及术后3月计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)结果评价桥血管通畅情况。结果患者均无围手术期死亡。术后3个月右乳内动脉(RIMA)桥及左乳内动脉(LIMA)桥通畅率为97.8%,静脉桥通畅率为95.4%(P0.05)。乳内动脉-前降支搭桥总体通畅率为99.5%,其中RIMA-前降支搭桥通畅率为99.4%,LIMA-前降支搭桥通畅率为100%。结论 BIMA行冠状动脉旁路移植术是安全的,早期效果及桥血管通畅率良好。LIMA-前降支及RIMA-前降支搭桥均有较高的近期通畅率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.