麻醉下手法松解联合关节镜下关节囊松解和肩峰下滑囊清理治疗原发性冻结肩的中期疗效

目的探讨麻醉下手法松解联合关节镜下关节囊松解和肩峰下滑囊清理治疗原发性冻结肩的中期疗效。方法 2013年1月—2017年12月,采用麻醉下手法松解联合关节镜下关节囊360°松解和肩峰下滑囊清理治疗33例保守治疗无效的原发性冻结肩患者。男10例,女23例;年龄37～65岁,平均50.9岁。左肩17例,右肩16例。病程6～13个月,平均8.4个月。手术前后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价肩关节疼痛改善情况,Constant评分评价肩关节功能改善情况,记录肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动度及内旋功能(以内旋椎体秩次表示);于肩关节正位X线片测量肩峰下间隙的改变。结果所有患者术中无骨折、盂唇撕裂发生;术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。33例均获随访,随访时间20～31个月,平均24.1个月。随访期间未出现切口感染、神经损伤等并发症。末次随访时患者肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动度及内旋椎体秩次,以及VAS评分、Constant评分及肩峰下间隙均较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论麻醉下手法松解联合关节镜下关节囊松解和肩峰下滑囊清理治疗原发性冻结肩并发症少,中期疗效满意。     

一期手法松解关节镜下肩袖修补术治疗肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩的临床疗效

目的探讨一期手法松解联合关节镜下清理肩袖修补术治疗肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩的疗效。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2015年12月采用一期手法松解联合关节镜下清理肩袖修补术治疗的15例肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩患者(冻结肩组)临床资料,并与同期关节镜下肩袖修补术治疗的24例肩袖撕裂不合并冻结肩患者(非冻结肩组)进行比较。冻结肩组患者年龄大于非冻结肩组(P0.05);两组患者性别、肩袖撕裂分型、损伤侧别、合并糖尿病例数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后肩关节疼痛程度采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),关节功能采用美国加州大学肩关节功能评分系统(UCLA)以及美国肩肘协会评分系统(ASES)评价。结果两组术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无手术早期相关并发症发生。两组患者均获随访,其中冻结肩组随访时间为13~31个月,平均19.2个月;非冻结肩组为12~33个月,平均20.3个月;两组随访时间比较,差异无统计学意义(t=–0.573,P=0.570)。冻结肩组术前VAS评分高于非冻结肩组(t=–2.166,P=0.037);术后3、6、12个月及末次随访时,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。冻结肩组术前及术后3个月肩关节活动范围(肩外旋及前屈)低于非冻结肩组(P0.05),术后6、12个月及末次随访时组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时两组患者内旋均超过L3。两组术后UCLA、ASES评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。其中冻结肩组术前UCLA评分低于非冻结肩组(P=0.037),但末次随访时两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.786)。两组手术前后ASES评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论一期手法松解联合关节镜下清理肩袖修补术治疗肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩,早期疗效略差于肩袖撕裂不合并冻结肩,但6个月后可获得相似疗效。     

关节镜下双后入路结合前方入路盂肱关节囊松解治疗重度原发性冻结肩

目的研究肩关节镜双后入路结合前方入路盂肱关节囊松解治疗重度原发性冻结肩的临床效果。 方法2013年1月至2016年12月南京中医药大学附属医院对16例重度原发性冻结肩患者行关节镜下双后入路结合前方入路盂肱关节囊松解术,男2例、女14例,平均年龄46.6岁,左肩4例、右肩12例。所有患者术前均拍摄肩关节正位片、冈上肌出口位X线片和肩关节MRI检查,全部患者均行双后入路关节镜下盂肱关节囊松解术,所有病例均同时行肩峰下滑囊清理术,分别在术前和末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、Constant-Murley评分和美国加利福尼亚大学（University of California, Los Angeles,UCLA）肩关节评分标准进行评价。 结果随访时间10~37个月,平均26个月。术前、术后即刻和末次随访平均UCLA评分分别为（10.3±3.2）分、（28.2±3.3）分和（31.2±5.3）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;平均Constant-Murley评分为（38.3±4.2）分、（89.2±4.5）分和（95.2±3.3）分;VAS评分平均为（6.3±1.9）分、（1.3±0.3）分和（1.0±0.2）分（P<0.01）。所有患者均对手术效果表示满意。 结论关节镜下双后入路结合前方入路盂肱关节囊松解治疗重度原发性冻结肩,便于术中操作,可以显著地缓解疼痛、恢复肩关节功能。关节镜下双后入路结合前方入路盂肱关节囊松解为治疗重度原发性冻结肩提供有效方法。     

麻醉下手法松解配合关节镜技术治疗原发性冻结肩

目的：探讨麻醉下手法松解配合关节镜技术治疗原发性冻结肩的可行性及疗效。方法：2006年1月至2009年3月,原发性冻结肩僵硬期患者共34例,均经保守治疗无效,其中男20例,女14例;年龄43～62岁,平均（56±3.6）岁;病程9～13个月,平均11.3个月。全麻下先行盂肱关节、肩峰下间隙清理,再行麻醉下手法松解后镜下射频修整止血及进行针对性松解。术后第1天即开始行患肩主动、被动功能练习,术后所有患者得到随访,平均18.9个月（13～32个月）,对治疗前后患者疼痛、关节活动度Constant评分进行对比分析。结果：术后12个月患肩Constant疼痛评分（总分15分）为（13±1.58）分,较术前的疼痛评分（5±2.60）分降低（P〈0.01）。34例术后12个月Constant评分（86±11.20）分,比术前（27±2.40）分明显改善（P〈0.01）。结论：麻醉下手法松解配合关节镜技术治疗原发性冻结肩功能恢复快,具有疗效确切、微创、恢复快等特点。     

关节镜下治疗肱骨近端骨折内固定术后冻结肩

目的探讨肩关节镜下治疗肱骨近端骨折术后冻结肩的疗效。方法对61例肱骨近端骨折切开复位内固定术后冻结肩患者采用全身麻醉肩关节镜下治疗联合关节松解、内固定装置取除术。比较手术前后肩关节活动范围、UCLA评分及ASES评分。结果关节镜下肱骨近端骨折内固定术后冻结肩常见有关节内病变。52例完成术后12~18个月的随访,9例失访。52例肩关节活动度、UCLA评分和ASES评分末次随访均较术前改善(P<0.05)。结论肩关节镜下治疗联合关节松解、内固定装置取除术有助于改善肱骨近端骨折内固定术后冻结肩患者的肩关节功能。     

肩袖损伤合并肩关节粘连：一期松解修补还是先松解后修补？

目的分析比较肩袖损伤合并肩关节粘连患者一期与二期手术的临床疗效。 方法自2019年1月至2020年4月,在本院肩关节镜临床登记随访系统内选取60例肩袖损伤合并肩关节粘连患者,其中30例行一期手法松解+关节镜下粘连松解+肩袖修补术（一期组）,另30例先行麻醉下手法松解术（manipulation under anesthesia,MUA）松解,二期行关节镜下粘连松解+肩袖修补术（二期组）。患者术前及术后3个月、6个月、12个月时行肩关节活动度检查。术后6个月、12个月时行患肩MRI检查。在肩关节镜临床登记系统内向患者推送视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、Constant评分以及美国加州大学洛杉矶分校（University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA）肩关节评分量表。 结果术后随访时间一期组平均为17个月,二期组平均为16个月。两组术后随访时肩关节各向活动度均较术前有显著提高（P<0.01）。两组术后随访时VAS、Constant评分及UCLA肩关节评分均较术前显著改善（P<0.01）。一期组术后6个月MRI发现肩袖再次撕裂1例。二期组在术后3个月前屈上举及外展活动度优于一期组（P<0.01）,之后随访两组间各向活动度无显著差异。一期组在术后3个月及6个月时肩关节评分均优于二期组（P<0.01）。 结论一期组术后肩袖再次撕裂可能与早期锻炼有关。二期组术前手法松解存在疼痛、松解不彻底及加重损伤风险。一期组肩关节活动度恢复慢,但在术后3个月和6个月时肩关节评分及满意度高。两组术后12个月肩关节评分以及长期临床疗效均满意。     

镜下关节囊松解联合关节腔注射治疗冻结肩

[目的]观察关节镜下关节囊松解联合关节腔内注射几丁糖、得宝松对原发性冻结肩的治疗效果。[方法]选取2016年4月～2019年3月在南通大学附属海安医院关节科治疗的26例原发性冻结肩患者为研究对象,行关节镜下关节囊松解术,手术结束时注射几丁糖、得宝松,随访患者术前、术后VAS疼痛评分、肩关节活动度(ROM)及Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分(CMS)。[结果] 26例患者手术均顺利进行,术后无继发出血、感染、关节不稳等并发症发生,平均随访(8.73±2.42)个月,术后第3、6个月随访时VAS评分、肩关节前屈、外展角度及CMS评分均较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]关节镜下关节囊松解联合关节腔内注射治疗原发性冻结肩效果确切,手术安全,患者短期疼痛缓解、关节活动度及功能评分均有显著提高。     

手法松解结合关节镜下黏连松解术治疗原发性冻结肩

目的介绍手法松解结合关节镜下黏连松解术治疗原发性冻结肩的疗效。方法 2013年8月至2015年3月,共治疗40例原发性冻结肩,其中男22例,女18例;年龄48~72岁,平均(61±6.3)岁。术前排除颈椎病、胸廓出口综合征、肩部肿瘤等病变,排除肩部手术创伤、外固定等继发性肩关节僵硬。术前经4~6个月正规保守治疗无效。40例患者均于全麻下行手法松解及肩关节镜下黏连松解术,术后第2天开始功能锻炼。对手术前后的肩关节活动度、Constant评分、VAS疼痛评分进行对比分析。结果术后随访9~17个月,平均(11.88±2.19)个月。术后12周肩关节外展、前屈、外旋角度分别为(139.15±8.39)°、(133.83±8.81)°、(57.70±7.56)°,较术前明显改善。术后12周患肩VAS疼痛评分为(2.18±0.71)分,较术前的(6.95±1.06)分显著降低;术后12周Constant评分达(74.95±5.33)分,较术前的(28.68±3.16)分显著增加。术后未出现继发性肩关节不稳、感染等并发症。结论手法松解结合关节镜下黏连松解术可显著改善原发性冻结肩的关节活动度,同时能有效缓解疼痛。     

肩关节镜下360°关节囊松解治疗原发性冻结肩的中期疗效

目的探讨肩关节镜下360°关节囊松解术治疗原发性冻结肩的可行性与临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2010年1月至2014年8月苏州大学第三附属医院收治患者23例,其中男性8例,女性15例,所有患者术前排除颈椎病、胸廓出口综合症、肩部肿瘤等病变,排除肩部手术、创伤、外固定等继发性肩关节僵硬。手术方法为肩关节镜下360°关节囊松解,所有患者于治疗前后采用Constant肩关节功能评分和视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行疗效评估,并且评估患侧及健侧术前术后关节活动度。计量资料术前术后各不同时间点结果的比较采用配对t检验。 结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症发生。所有患者中获得随访20例,平均年龄(58±10)岁,随访率86.7%。随访时间为24～79个月,平均(46±18)个月。术前患者Constant肩关节功能评分为(52.1±5.5),术前VAS评分为9(8,9)。术后3个月患者Constant肩关节功能评分为(90.2±1.3),VAS评分为1(1,2),二者与术前相比具有统计学差异,统计值分别为(t＝38,P<0.05)(t＝－4.0,P<0.01)。术后12个月患者Constant肩关节功能评分为(92.2±1.1)分,VAS评分为0(0,1),二者与术后3个月相比差异具有统计学意义(t ＝5.2,P < 0.05;t ＝－3.7,P < 0.01)。术后24个月患者Constant肩关节功能评分为(92.4±0.9)分,VAS评分为0(0,1),二者与术后12个月相比无统计学差异,统计值分别为(t＝0.8,P>0.05)(t＝－1.4,P > 0.05)。术后肩关节活动度较术前亦明显改善。 结论关节镜下360°关节囊松解术治疗原发性冻结肩具有良好的中期临床疗效。     

关节镜下肩峰减压肩袖清理术治疗老年不可修复性巨大肩袖损伤

目的分析关节镜下肩峰减压肩袖清理术治疗老年不可修复性巨大肩袖损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-01—2019-12采用关节镜肩峰下减压肩袖清理术治疗的28例老年不可修复性巨大肩袖损伤,比较术前与术后6个月疼痛VAS评分、ASES评分、Constant评分。结果 28例均顺利完成手术并获得至少6个月的随访。术后3例出现关节僵硬,但不影响日常生活。术后6个月疼痛VAS评分较术前降低,ASES评分、Constant评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论节镜下肩峰减压肩袖清理术治疗老年不可修复性巨大肩袖损伤简单有效,术后恢复较快,并发症较少。     

Arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of refractory postoperative or post-fracture shoulder stiffness.

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic capsular release is used to treat idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) that is refractory to nonoperative treatment or manipulation under anesthesia. The role of arthroscopic capsular release in the treatment of frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery or fracture is less clearly understood. The purposes of this study were to define the outcome of arthroscopic capsular release in the management of frozen shoulder after surgery or fracture and to compare these results with those of arthroscopic capsular release in the treatment of idiopathic frozen shoulder. METHODS: We evaluated the results of arthroscopic capsular release in three different groups of patients with shoulder contracture refractory to nonoperative management and manipulation under anesthesia. The three groups consisted of patients who had an idiopathic frozen shoulder, shoulder stiffness after surgery, or shoulder stiffness after fracture. We evaluated pain, function, patient satisfaction, and range of motion in all three groups before and after the study treatment. RESULTS: At a mean of twenty months (range, twelve to forty-six months) after the operation, fifty patients were available for assessment of function and range of motion of the involved shoulder. At the time of follow-up, each group had a significant improvement in the scores for pain, patient satisfaction, and functional activity as well as in the overall outcome score (p < 0.01). Comparison of the scores among the different groups revealed that all had a similar degree of improvement in range of motion of the involved shoulder, but patients with postoperative frozen shoulder had significantly (p < 0.05) lower scores for pain (p < 0.03), patient satisfaction (p < 0.004), and functional activity (p < 0.002) than did those with idiopathic or post-fracture frozen shoulder. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic capsular release was as effective for improving range of motion in patients with postoperative contracture of the shoulder as it was in patients with idiopathic and post-fracture contracture. However, there was less improvement in the subjective scores for pain, function, and patient satisfaction in the postoperative group.     

关节镜下盂肱关节前方松解对原发性冻结肩的早期疗效

目的观察应用关节镜进行关节囊前方松解术对原发性冻结肩的治疗效果。 方法2015年3月至2017年3月陕西省人民医院收治的60例原发性冻结肩患者,所有患者经术前MRI检查或术中探查确诊,排除由其余肩部疾病(骨折、肩峰撞击、肩袖损伤、钙化性肌腱炎)引起的继发性冻结肩,所有患者应用关节镜行盂肱关节前方松解术。采集术前及术后的疼痛视觉评分(VAS)、Constant评分、复旦大学肩关节功能评分系统(FUSS),应用单因素重复测量方差分析对结果进行统计学分析评估,对肩关节各方向的被动活动度应用配对t检验方法进行统计学分析。 结果所有患者术后均未出现腋神经损伤或肩关节不稳等并发症。与术前相比,术后12周时患者的VAS评分[(0.7±0.6)vs (8.1±0.7),F ＝38.01]、Constant评分[(93.9±3.0)vs (34.2±3.4),F ＝121.42]及FUSS评分[(93.8±1.3)vs (40.1±2.2),F ＝220.09]差异有统计学意义(均为P <0.01);同时,与术前相比,患肩被动外展[(152±13)° vs (74±9)°,t ＝37.678]、前屈[(156±12)° vs (60±10)°,t ＝46.469]、体侧外旋[(66±11)° vs (8±3)°,t ＝37.762]及内旋在术后12周时明显改善(均为P <0.01)。 结论应用关节镜对盂肱关节囊前方结构进行彻底松解,可有效改善原发性冻结肩患者肩关节功能。     

关节镜松解术结合麻醉下手法松解治疗冻结肩

背景：冻结肩是临床常见疾病,治疗方法较多,大部分患者可以通过保守治疗治愈。而对于保守治疗无效的患者,目前有文献报道应用关节镜下松解结合麻醉下手法松解治疗,效果满意。目的：通过术前和术后肩关节活动度及疼痛程度的变化来评估关节镜松解术结合麻醉下手法松解治疗冻结肩的效果。方法：回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月接受关节镜松解术结合麻醉下手法松解治疗的21例冻结肩患者的病例资料。年龄48-67岁,平均55.85岁;男6例,女15例;左侧14例,右侧7例;原发性12例,继发性9例。所有患者均经6-18个月,平均11.23个月的保守治疗无效后行关节镜松解术结合麻醉下手法松解。结果：全部获得随访,随访时间为7-32个月,平均15.57个月。被动前屈、外展、外旋活动度由术前平均86.0°±10.8°,47.4°±7.5°,4.3°±7.8°提升至术后平均142.1°±11.8°,92.6°±12.1°,57.6°±19.8°（P〈0.001）。Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分从术前平均（12.9±2.1）分提高至术后平均（26.2±2.4）分。所有患者术后肩关节疼痛均有不同程度减轻。VAS评分由术前平均（7.4±1.1）分降至术后平均（2.5±1.0）分（P〈0.001）。结论：关节镜松解术结合麻醉下手法松解是治疗冻结肩的有效手段。     

Arthroscopic capsular release for idiopathic frozen shoulder with intra-articular injection and a controlled manipulation

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the immediate and long-term effectiveness of arthroscopic capsular release in a large cohort of patients with a precise and isolated diagnosis of stage II idiopathic frozen shoulder.

METHODS

All patients underwent a preoperative evaluation. Patients with secondary frozen shoulder and those with concurrent pathology at arthroscopy were excluded. This left 136 patients with a stage II arthroscopically confirmed idiopathic frozen shoulder. At each postoperative attendance, a record was made of pain, function and range of motion. At 12 months, the Oxford shoulder score was calculated, and pain and range of motion were assessed.

RESULTS

Fifty per cent achieved good pain relief within a week and eighty per cent within six weeks of arthroscopic capsular release. The mean preoperative visual analogue scale pain score was 6.6 and the mean postoperative score was 1.0. The mean time to achieving good pain relief was 16 days following surgery. No patient could sleep through the night prior to surgery while 90% reported having a complete night’s sleep at a mean of 12 days after surgery. The mean postoperative Oxford shoulder score was 38/48 and the mean improvement was 19.2.

CONCLUSIONS

This large series demonstrates that arthroscopic capsular release is a safe procedure, with rapid improvement in pain and a marked improvement in range of motion.     

Frozen shoulder-A prospective randomized clinical trial

AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection.     

Effect of nonoperative concomitant intraarticular pathologies on the outcome of arthroscopic capsular release for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether coexistent intraarticular lesions are negative prognostic factors for the results of arthroscopic capsular release in frozen shoulder patients.

Comparison of arthroscopic capsular release in diabetic and idiopathic frozen shoulder patients

Introduction  

The clinical results of arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder in diabetic (group 1) and idiopathic (group 2) patients were compared. Surgery was performed on 28 shoulders of 26 patients (24 women, 2 men) with frozen shoulder unresponsive to conservative treatment. The mean age was 50 (range 40–65). A total of 14 patients were included in group 1, and 12 were in group 2. The average duration of complaints was 10 and 7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The evaluation of shoulder functions was made according to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant Scoring Systems. Duration of complete pain relief and for regaining range of motion (ROM) after surgery were also noted in their final follow-up examination.     

Early arthroscopic release in refractory shoulder stiffness

Frozen shoulder is still an enigma in shoulder surgery. It is reported that at 2 years after onset most patients will have recovered whether treated or not. To decrease time to recovery and improve the results of this condition, a number of different treatment modalities have been used. In our unit, all patients with frozen shoulder were selected for the arthroscopic release technique if a conservative program of physical therapy had failed to restore motion after 6 months and if they had no known extra-articular contractures. A prospective study was undertaken of 36 patients with refractory frozen shoulder who were treated with an arthroscopic capsulotomy between November 1997 and October 1999. There were 22 women and 14 men with an average age of 49 years (range 32-63 years). All of the patients were assessed for pain, function, and range of motion before surgery. Five patients were diabetic. An arthroscopic capsular release improved motion in all patients, with substantial relief of pain. Follow-up averaged 18 months (range 10-26 months). The median preoperative Constant score rose from 29 to 66 at the time of follow-up. By a mean of 8 weeks after treatment, 75% of the patients had returned to work. One patient developed recurrent refractory stiffness. There were no complications related to the procedure. This study demonstrates that arthroscopic capsular release can be a safe and effective tool in the management of refractory shoulder stiffness and is an effective way of shortening the course of an apparently self-limiting disease.     

The Effect of Arthroscopic Extra-Articular Entire Coracohumeral Ligament Release for Patients with Recalcitrant Frozen Shoulder

Objective

The thickened coracohumeral ligament (CHL) is an important part of the typical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging of frozen shoulder. However, only a few clinical studies with limited cases on arthroscopic extra-articular entire CHL release exist in the literature. This study was to evaluate the effect of arthroscopic extra-articular entire CHL release for patients with recalcitrant frozen shoulder.

Methods

From February 2014 to February 2020, 81 cases of recalcitrant frozen shoulder patients treated with surgery in a single-center shoulder department and followed for more than 2 years were analyzed. Arthroscopic 360° capsular release was performed with intra-articular partial release (IPR group) or additional extra-articular entire release (IPR + EER group) of CHL. The same rehabilitation program was performed after surgery in both groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), and the Constant–Murley scoring system was evaluated before operation, at 3 months after operation, 6 months after operation, and the final follow-up. T-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and chi-squared test were used to compared data.

Results

There were 39 patients in the IPR group, with an average follow-up of 29.2 months. A total of Forty-two patients in the IPR + EER group completed a mean follow-up of 25.7 months. All incisions healed in stages. There were significant differences in Constant–Murley shoulder score, VAS score, and ROM before operation and at the final follow-up in both groups (both P < 0.001). The VAS score of the IPR + EER group was lower than that of the IPR group at 3 months after surgery (P < 0.05), and 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). External rotation, internal rotation, and abduction of ROMs and Constant–Murley shoulder score were significantly greater in the IPR + EER group at 3 months (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively) and 6 months after operation (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in forward flexion, internal rotation, and abduction of ROMs, VAS, and the Constant–Murley shoulder score between the IPR and IPR + EER groups. The external rotation of the IPR + EER group was still greater than that of the IPR group at the last follow-up (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Arthroscopic extra-articular entire coracohumeral ligament release could solve early pain of shoulder joint, recover shoulder joint functions effectively, and achieve a satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant frozen shoulder.