低浓度苯系有机溶剂对职业人群的老龄化作用

目的：评价苯系有机溶剂促进职业人群老龄化的作用。方法：以１８７名接触有机溶剂的工人为接触组，１６１名制衣厂工人为对照组，进行工作能力指数、生理指标及生物学年龄调查测试。结果：发现工作能力指数随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势，低浓度有机溶剂接触组工作能力指数的下降较对照组为快；４５岁以上，接触组工人的工作能力指数有较明显的下降，对照组无改变；女性接触组工人的生物学年龄与日历年龄相比，增长１．８４岁。结论：低浓度苯系有机溶剂具有促进职业人群老龄化的轻微作用     

对低浓度苯接触工人健康状况的调查

为了弄清低浓度苯环境下作业人群的健康状况，对某大型石油化工企业产生低浓度苯的５个车间采集３２３个样品分析。浓度范围在０．０５～２９．２５ｍｇ／ｍ３，其中制苯车间浓度最高，均值为４．５７±６．１６ｍｇ／ｍ３；从５个车间筛选密切苯接触人群４３７人，选择非苯接触人群（对照组）１５０人，进行了外周血白细胞和淋巴细胞微核率的测定，结果表明：①外周血白细胞数虽在正常值范围之内，但非常显著低于对照组；②经常性苯接触工人淋巴细胞微核率分布高于非苯接触组，且制苯车间观察人群的淋巴细胞微核率与对照组比较，差异有显著性；③５个车间随作业环境苯浓度的增高，白细胞数有降低趋势，淋巴细胞微核率有增加的趋势。这些均证明低浓度苯对作业人群的健康有损害，尤其要注意对人体遗传物质的损伤作用。     

低浓度混苯作业对职工健康的影响

为探讨接触低浓度混苯对职工健康的影响，随机选取118名混苯接触工人及基本条件均衡而无混本接触的对照工人119名进行健康状况调查。内容包括生产条件及车间作业环境混苯浓度情况、职业史、烟酒史、自觉症状、一般营养发育状况、一般内科检查、耳鼻喉科检查、皮肤科检查、血常规及血小板检查、肝功能检查、心电图检查及腹部B超检查。结果：近年来作业环境混苯平均浓度均在国家允许范围内。接触组工人头晕头痛，记忆力下降的神经衰弱症状出现率明显高于对照组（Pwto．05），接融组工人鼻炎、咽炎发病明显高于对照组（＊＜几份），但头晕头痛…     

苯和噪声联合作用对听力损伤的影响

为某制药厂噪声伴有低浓度苯车间工人103人，与单纯接触噪声工人169人、后勤人员69人进行听损检查，结果噪声伴有低浓度苯车间工人听损检出率明显高于单纯接噪组及对照组，与两组比较差异有显著性。同时还观察到，噪声伴有低浓度苯接触组与单纯接噪组比较，差异随工龄增加而增加，8年以上P＜0．05，10年以上P＜0．01。     

苯作业工人淋巴细胞DNA损伤的研究

用慧星检测技术即碱性单细胞凝胶检测术检测１１５名苯作业工人外周血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ损伤情况，作业工人分为苯中毒组，高浓度接触组，低浓度接触组和对照组（不接触苯的工人）。结果表明，苯中毒组ＤＮＡ损伤率明显高于对照组，而高浓度接触２组和低浓度接触组与对照组无显著性差异。说明长期接触高浓度苯的敏感工人ＤＮＡ损伤明显。ＤＮＡ损伤与苯白血病的发生发展是否有关，有待进一步研究。     

低浓度丙烯腈暴露作业人员健康监护指标分析

目的探讨长期接触低浓度丙烯腈对作业工人的健康危害。方法设计统一的问卷调查表,对某腈纶车间733名丙烯腈作业工人和同地区610名不接触毒物人群进行职业流行病学调查。结果接触组和对照组在性别构成比、年龄、饮酒、体重指数、血脂、血糖等方面无明显差异,未见接触组脂肪肝检出率、ALT水平升高。接触组肝囊肿、肝光点增粗检出率、碱性磷酸酶水平明显高于对照组。结论长期接触低浓度丙烯腈作业人员的肝脏损伤指标尚需进一步研究和观察。     

南昌市某印钞企业低浓度苯系物暴露作业工人的血常规检测结果

目的了解企业低浓度苯系物暴露作业对工人血常规指标的影响。方法选择南昌市某印钞企业胶印车间、凹印车间和印码车间的265名低浓度苯系物作业工人作为暴露组,选择同一地区某手机零件生产企业175名噪声作业工人作为对照组,对2组人群进行一般情况调查和血常规检测,同时将暴露组按工龄长短进行分组比较,并对暴露组中均参加了2012年和2017年职业健康检查的136名工人的血常规指标进行比较。结果车间空气各监测点苯系物浓度均低于国家职业接触限值。暴露组与对照组相比,除血小板计数暴露组低于对照组外,其余血常规指标白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血红蛋白差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。将暴露组按照工龄长短分为1～5年(89人),6～10年(77人),11～15年(19人),16～20年(16人),20年(64人)共5组,各组血常规指标差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。将2012年与2017年的血常规指标对比分析,各项指标差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论未发现企业低浓度苯系物暴露可引起工人血常规指标的明显改变。     

低浓度有机溶剂作业工人神经行为功能分析

通过对接触低浓度有机溶剂(甲醛、苯酚、苯、甲苯、二甲苯)作业工人的行为功能测试。结果表明,接触甲醛、苯酚工人的感知-运动速度、听记忆明显低于对照组;接触混苯工人的手工操作敏捷度低于对照组,差异均有显著性。可见长期接触低浓度有机溶剂可导致神经行为功能改变。     

低浓度苯系物对作业工人健康的影响

本文对某汽车制造厂接苯车间的毒物浓度进行测定 ,并对 6 7名喷漆作业工人和该厂不接触有害作业的行政后勤人员进行了职业性体检 ,监测结果表明 :该厂车间苯系物浓度远低于国家卫生标准 ,体检结果可知 :接触组与对照组临床症状、心电图、X片、血压等无显著差异 ,而接触组白细胞偏低的发生率为 2 8.4 % ,与对照组相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,由此可见 ,低浓度的苯系物对人体的危害不容忽视     

低浓度苯及同系物对接触工人健康状况的影响

[目的]探讨低浓度苯及同系物对接触工人的健康危害,为今后防治苯的危害提供依据。[方法]对2个企业苯作业车间空气中毒物浓度进行测定,并对观察组和对照组工人进行健康体检。[结果]2个厂工作场所苯浓度短时间接触均值分别为1.03、1.93 mg/m^3,均低于国家职业卫生标准;观察组和对照组的临床症状检出率、心电图、X线胸片及血压异常率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;接触组外周血白细胞减少31例,占27.0%,高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;观察组年龄和工龄分析表明,白细胞下降有随年龄和工龄增加而降低的趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。[结论]低浓度的苯及同系物可对人体健康产生危害。     

职业性铅接触对作业人群的增龄效应

[目的]以职业性铅接触人群为研究对象，选用与年龄有关并可反映机体功能状态的生理、心理指标，同时应用工作能力指数（WAI）测定研究对象的工作能力，分析职业性铅接触对作业人群的增龄效应。[方法]以蓄电池制造企业铅接触工人为接触组，以同一企业非铅接触工人为对照组，应用工作能力指数调查表确定研究对象的WAI，使用生理功能测试仪器、CD-1型老化度仪、心理及临床老化征象调查表测试生理和心理功能并确定其生理年龄（PhA）和心理年龄（PsA），以观察职业性铅接触的增龄作用。根据工作能力、生理年龄、心理年龄提出衰老指数模型并结合血铅浓度测定结果进行验证。[结果]随着工人血铅水平的升高，WAI评分减少，接触组中WAI等级为“优”者血铅值相对较低，等级为“差”者血铅值相对较高（P=0．010），表明铅接触在一定程度上影响了工人的工作能力。接触组与对照组比较，握力、动作稳定度、敲击试验、心理老化测试结果差别均有统计学意义；配对t检验表明，〉40岁铅接触组作业工人的生理年龄和心理年龄均高于其日历年龄（CA），分别增高0．51岁和3．92岁（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。建立衰老指数模型：衰老指数（AEI）=[（49／WAI）X1＋（PhA／CA）X2＋（PsA／CA）X3]·100，（X1、X2、X3分别是根据体力劳动、脑力劳动及体力与脑力混合比例来确定的权重系数）。〉40岁年龄段工人的年龄与衰老指数之间存在正相关关系（，=0．309，F=6．349，P=0．014）。接触组血铅值和衰老指数之间存在正相关关系（r=0．438，F=17．75，P=0．000）。按照衰老指数模型得出铅接触工人的衰老指数平均为1．13±0．074。[结论]长期铅接触作业可降低职业人群的工作能力，降低握力、动作稳定度、神经肌肉协调性，增加心理老化，〉40岁铅接触组作业工?     

深圳市工业企业外来工工作能力的现况研究

目的 :了解深圳市工业企业外来工的工作能力现况及其影响因素。方法 :应用工作能力指数 (Work Ability In-dex,WAI)法对深圳市不同行业的 6 4 4名外来工进行测量和分析。结果 :外来工工作能力以中等占绝大多数 (80 .90 % )。男性外来工工作能力指数的平均水平高于女性外来工 (t=2 .2 18,P<0 .0 5 ) ;男女性外来工工作能力无明显的年龄变化趋势。从劳动类型上看 ,WAI平均水平最高的是从事脑体混合劳动的职工 ,但 WAI在不同劳动类型和不同年龄段之间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :在外来工职业人群中应积极开展职业卫生服务 ,以提高外来工的工作能力     

某橡胶轮胎厂职业危害因素对作业人员健康影响的调查

目的了解橡胶加工业职业危害因素对作业工人健康的影响。方法对某橡胶轮胎厂进行职业卫生学调查和现场环境监测,并对602名作业工人（接触组）和598名非橡胶加工人员（对照组）进行职业健康检查。结果该厂的主要职业危害有噪声、高温。作业现场共测定26个噪声点,其中有22个点超标,超标率为84．6％;检测定硫机岗位高温作业分级为Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,为高温作业。职业健康检查中,纯音测听异常、X射线（高仟伏）胸片异常、肺功能测定异常、心电图改变、肝功能异常等罹患率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论经多年治理后,轮胎厂粉尘和毒物危害得到控制,而机械化生产又产生噪声危害。噪声和高温可能是影响橡胶轮胎厂工人健康的主要危害因素。建议采取措施,降低噪声及高温危害,保障工人的健康。     

Postal questionnaire study of disability associated with latex allergy among health care workers in Finland

In this study, the association between natural rubber latex (NRL) sensitization and work ability index (WAI) among health care workers was investigated. Furthermore, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a postal questionnaire as a screening device of NRL allergy was evaluated. The study population consisted of 32 female health care workers with an occupational latex allergy, and 51 control subjects who were individually matched for age and occupation. A self-administered two-part questionnaire, including seven items of a work ability index (WAI), as well as questions on glove-related symptoms, was mailed to the subjects. The median age for NRL allergic subjects was 40 years (range 23–62), and the diagnosis of occupational latex allergy had been made six years (range 2–16) before the present study. The WAI scores were on average lower among the sensitized subjects as compared with their nonsensitized controls. Even after removing the contribution of the presence of allergic eczema, diagnosed by a physician, from the original WAI score, the proportion of NRL allergic subjects and the control subjects in the good work ability category were 34% and 53%, respectively. Ten health care workers (31%) had changed occupation and one early retirement had occurred after sensitization to NRL. The sensitivity and specificity of the present self-administered questionnaire as an indicator for latex allergy was 84% and 98%, respectively. In conclusion, there is a clear association between NRL allergy and a decrease in the WAI among health care workers, which cannot be explained by age, gender, profession, or history of atopy. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:197-204, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Synergistic effect of organic solvents and tobacco smoke on the indicators of humoral immunity in humans

Medical examinations were performed among 49 non-smokers, 47 workers who had been smoking for more than 10 years, 19 non-smokers exposed to organic solvents and 41 smoking persons occupationally exposed to organic solvents. Both cigarette smoking and the action of organic solvents. decreased the levels of IgA, AgG, IgM and that of lysozyme. In persons exposed to the actions of both cigarette smoking and benzol and its homologues, more significant decreases of IgA, AgG, IgM and lysozyme concentrations were revealed as compared to those affected by one of the factors. The same concerned the IgD level. The contributors proposed that cigarette smoking should be taken into account when evaluating the immunotoxic properties of industrial factors.     

Assessment of occupational exposure to aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons determining urinary levels of 1-pyrenol

In conformity with Italian law 626/94, occupational exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in several types of work environments was assessed by analysing urinary levels of 1-pyrenol. A total of 231 non-smokers exposed to PAH (82 workers, employed in two different thermoelectric power plants using combustible oil (30 subjects from plant A and 52 from plant B), 18 subjects working for a company recovering exhausted oils, 12 working on rubber production, 10 on road surface asphalting operations, 22 working in the anodizing section of an aluminium plant, 27 chimney-sweeps, and 60 coke-oven workers (30 topside workers, and 30 doing other jobs)) were enrolled. There were also 53 non-smoker control subjects, not occupationally exposed to PAH. Current smokers were excluded, since smoking is an important confounding factor when occupational exposure to low PAH concentrations are monitored. Confounding factors, i.e., diet and passive smoking, were checked by means of a questionnaire which, in addition to personal data and habits, also requested specific details about the type of diet followed and possible exposure to passive smoking during the 24-hour period preceding urine collection. In controls, exposure to PAH in the diet significantly increased 1-pyrenol levels in urine: in subjects introducing > or = 1 microgram of pyrene with the diet, the mean urinary level of 1-pyrenol was significantly higher than that introduced with < 1 microgram (high versus low dietary intake, mean +/- SD, 0.08 +/- 0.13 and 0.04 +/- 0.06 1-pyrenol mumoles/mole of creatinine, respectively; Mann-Whitney U-test Z = 2.67, p < 0.01). Conversely, passive smoking did not influence 1-pyrenol levels. In the overall population (controls and exposed), multiple linear regression analysis showed that levels of urinary 1-pyrenol were significantly influenced by occupational exposure to PAH in asphalt workers, anodizing plant workers, chimney-sweeps, and coke-oven workers, both those working at the top side of the oven and those doing other jobs (t = 2.19, p = 0.02; t = 2.56, p = 0.01; t = 5.25, p = 0.001; t = 3.34, p = 0.001; t = 7.82, p = 0.001, respectively; F = 9.7, p < 0.01), but not in power plant workers in contact with combustible oils, workers recovering exhausted oils, or rubber production workers. Diet and passive smoking did not influence urinary 1-pyrenol levels in the entire sample population. This biomarker also allowed an assessment of exposure levels among certainly exposed subjects. The percentage of subjects with urinary 1-pyrenol values higher than the 99th percentile of the reference population (0.67 mumoles 1-pyrenol/mole of creatinine) was significantly higher than that of controls in asphalt workers (20%), anodizing plant workers (14%), chimney-sweeps (13%) and coke-oven workers (33%) (chi-square test: asphalt workers = 6.1, p = 0.01; anodizing plant workers = 4.3, p = 0.04; chimney-sweeps = 7.1, p = 0.008; coke-oven workers with other duties = 4.4, p = 0.04; top side workers = 16.5, p < 0.001). In chimney sweeps and top side workers, respectively 2 and 4 subjects (7% and 13%) exceeded the precautionary level of 1.4 mumoles 1-pyrenol/mole of creatinine; of these, 1 chimney sweep and 3 top side workers (4% and 10%) exceeded the recommended biological threshold of 2.3 mumoles 1-pyrenol/mole of creatinine.     

Functional aging and work conditions in forensic workers

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate aging associated to work conditions. METHOD: Eight hundred and seven forensic workers answered the questionnaire "Work Ability Index - WAI". The ergonomic conditions were analysed using a job analysis method - AET (Rohmert & Landau). RESULTS: The largest number of employees were mainly submitted to cognitive demands at work. The most reported diagnosed diseases were: musculoskeletal diseases (and lesions), neurological (including emotional disturbances), respiratory, digestive, skin and cardiovascular diseases. The analysis of the logistic regression models showed that: female workers, those with longer time on the job and job title of operational helper, increase the odds ratio to present low or moderate WAI. DISCUSSION: The results point out the need to improve the working conditions. It is suggested the implementation of Specialized Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine Service, as it is demanded by the Federal Law 6,514 of 1977.     

Comparison of Work Ability Index and cognitive function tests]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging with regard to scores for certain cognitive function tests and WAI (Work Ability Index), and to examine the relationship between cognitive function test scores and work ability as measured by WAI. The subjects were 139 male employees of a factory producing steel plate, and their average age was 48.1 yr (SD 16.4). The WAI and cognitive function tests were conducted and valid scores were obtained from 134 subjects as to WAI, and from 88 subjects as to cognitive function tests. The subjects were divided into two groups: young workers (under 45 yr) and middle-aged to elderly workers (45 yr and over). The WAI scores of the two groups were compared, but no significant differences were observed. Nevertheless, for two WAI items, WAI-2 and WAI-7, the scores of the middle-aged to elderly worker group were significantly higher than those of the young worker group. In contrast, the scores for WAI-3 of the middle-aged to elderly group were significantly lower than those of the young worker group. The cognitive function test scores for the two groups were also compared. The scores for Working Memory test, Tracking test, and Sentence-to-sentence Comparison test of the middle-aged to elderly worker group were significantly lower than those of the younger group. Moreover, for the middle-aged to elderly worker group, the average WAI-3 scores for those with good cognitive function test results and those with poor cognitive function test results were compared, but there were no significant differences. This result shows that deterioration of physical function caused by aging is not related to deterioration of cognitive function caused by aging in the subjects of this study. The reason for this may be that the subjects are blue-collar workers, and thus cognitive functions are less important for their work.     

化工工人疲劳与工作能力相关分析

目的研究化工系统工人疲劳和工作能力之间的关系,为有效预防疲劳发生、提高工作能力提供理论依据。方法采用疲劳量表和工作能力指数法(WAI)对976名化工工人的疲劳度和工作能力进行测试,同时采用统一自制量表调查所有研究对象的一般情况、不良工作环境因素、劳动负荷、工作因子等。结果未婚工人的疲劳度比已婚工人和其他婚姻状况工人低,其工作能力得分比已婚工人高,差别均有统计学意义(P<005);脑力劳动型工人的疲劳度比体脑混合型工人比低,其工作能力得分比体力劳动和体脑混合型工人高,差别均有统计学意义(P<005);与无疲劳组的工人比较,低、中、高度疲劳工人的工作能力均较低,差别有统计学意义(P<001);疲劳与工作能力呈负相关关系,相关系数为-0499(P<001);多因素分析表明,在控制了其它因素的影响后,疲劳是工作能力的危险因素。其OR值为4005(95%CI=259～620)。结论在化工系统中,疲劳是影响化工工人工作能力的重要因素,工人的疲劳度越高,其工作能力越低。     

三资制鞋企业工人工作能力及其影响因素的研究

[目的]调查评价三资制鞋企业工人的工作能力,探讨影响工作能力的职业因素。[方法]将514名一线工人和146名后勤管理人员分为研究组和对照组,用工作能力指数法(workabilityindex,WAI)评价综合工作能力,用职业任务问卷调查职业相关因素。[结果]研究组男女工作能力总得分与优等工作能力的比重均低于对照组(P<0.01);研究组任务过重、任务模糊、工作环境和总得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);多元回归分析结果表明任务过重、任务不适、任务模糊及工作环境,是影响制鞋工人工作能力的主要因素。[结论]减少职业任务负荷、改善工作环境和增加职业技能培训,是促进制鞋工人职业健康和提高工作能力的关键。