外伤性白内障术后低眼压的原因及处理

目的 探讨外伤性白内障术后低眼压的原因及处理方法。方法 对外伤性白内障人工晶状体植入术后低眼压27例进行病因分析及治疗结果分析。结果 27例中11例结膜和巩膜切口都有渗漏，3例巩膜隧道切口闭合不良伴结膜下积液，2例人工晶状体袢的固定缝线过长而形成引流，8例为玻璃体切除术后引起的一过性低眼压，2例睫状体脱离，1例脉络膜脱离。根据导致其低眼压的原因进行治疗。所有患者治疗后眼压恢复正常，均在10mmHg以上(1mmHg=0．133kPa)。结论 外伤性白内障人工晶状体植入术后低眼压原因多种，针对导致其低眼压的原因进行治疗，可取得较满意效果。     

白内障手术前后眼轴和屈光状态的变化

 目的 比较白内障手术前后眼轴及屈光状态的变化,以期指导术后配镜时间选择及术后屈光度的预留。设计 前瞻性病例系列。研究对象 白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术患者30例（37眼）。方法 根据术前眼轴长度将患者分为两组,超长眼轴组15例（17眼）,眼轴长度29.71～32.89 mm,普通眼轴组15例（20眼）,眼轴长度22.16～25.54 mm。应用相干光生物测量仪（IOL Master）测量术前,术后1天、1周、1个月、3个月的眼轴长度,并在术后1周、1个月、3个月同时进行验光,比较各个时间眼轴长度及屈光度的变化。采用随机区组设计的方差分析进行统计学分析。主要指标 眼轴长度,屈光度。结果 超长眼轴组患者术后3个月眼轴（30.60±0.88）mm,较术前（31.07±1.02）mm短（P＝0.000）。普通眼轴组患者术后3个月眼轴（23.37±0.75）mm,较术前（23.51±0.78）mm短（P＝0.000）。超长眼轴组患者术后1个月眼轴（30.61±0.90）mm与术后3个月眼轴（30.60±0.88）mm比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.683）;普通眼轴组患者眼轴在术后1周（23.38±0.79）mm、术后1个月（23.38±0.78）mm、术后3个月（23.37±0.75）mm间比较无统计学意义（P=0.750）。超长眼轴组患者术后1天等效球镜度数（-3.78±0.68）D,较术后1个月（-3.01±0.55）D高（P＝0.000）,术后1个月与3个月（-3.03±0.54）D比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.563）。普通眼轴组患者术后1天等效球镜（-0.53±0.10）D,较1周（-0.40±0.07）D高（P＝0.013）,术后1周、术后1个月（-0.42±0.11）D、术后3个月（-0.41±0.08）D比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.502）。结论 白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后眼轴不同程度缩短,超高度近视眼尤其明显。超高度近视眼的眼轴和屈光状态术后1个月达到稳定,而普通眼的眼轴和屈光状态术后1周即可达到稳定。（眼科,2016,25： 90-93）     

Changes in interocular axial length after pediatric cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To explore the hypothesis that preoperative interocular axial length difference changes after pediatric cataract intraocular lens implantation surgery to meet the measurement of the fellow eye. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. Eyes with traumatic and secondary cataract, lens subluxation, or postoperative glaucoma were excluded. In bilateral cataract cases, only right eye data were included. In addition, eyes were included only if axial length data for both eyes were available before surgery and at follow-up equal to or greater than the age at surgery. RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes fit the inclusion criteria. Average age at surgery and follow-up was 2.2 +/- 2.2 and 5.6 +/- 2.9 years, respectively. Three groups were formed based on the preoperative interocular axial length difference: < -0.2, group 1; >or= -0.2, and 0.2, group 3. Average age at surgery between these three groups was not significantly different (p = 0.82), nor was age at follow-up between the groups (p = 0.66). The change in interocular axial length difference (postoperative interocular axial length difference minus preoperative interocular axial length difference) was significant between the three groups (0.3, 0.2, -0.4 mm, respectively; p = 0.02). The average rate of axial length growth was significantly different between three groups (3.7, 2.4, 2.5 mm, respectively; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with a shorter axial length than the fellow eye showed postoperative rate of axial growth that exceeded the growth rate of eyes with a longer interocular axial length. These growth rates resulted in a postoperative trend of intraocular axial length difference toward zero.     

婴儿出生后早期先天性白内障摘除术后眼轴长度和角膜直径变化的研究

目的:探讨婴儿出生3mo内行先天性白内障摘除术后至2.5岁阶段眼轴长度和角膜直径的变化。方法:对出生后3mo内行白内障摘除联合后囊膜连续环形撕开及前段玻璃体切割术患儿49例89眼(包括单眼9例)进行连续观察。分别在出生后6,12,18,24,30mo时测量术眼眼轴长度和角膜直径;同时选择年龄和性别相匹配的同龄正常婴幼儿每年龄段10例20眼作为对照组,比较两组之间的差异。结果:各年龄段术后患儿平均眼轴长度分别为20.48±0.13,20.82±0.23,21.69±0.17,22.09±0.25,22.50±0.34mm;与同年龄对照组进行比较,比正常婴幼儿眼轴长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平均角膜直径分别为10.06±0.31,10.32±0.33,10.40±0.38,10.45±0.39,10.94±0.40mm,与同年龄对照组进行比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:婴儿早期行先天性白内障摘除手术后至2.5岁阶段,眼轴长度较同龄正常婴幼儿眼轴发育快;而角膜直径较同龄正常婴幼儿基本相同。     

Rate of axial growth after congenital cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate of axial growth after congenital cataract surgery. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHODS: Rate of axial growth of 158 eyes (79 children < 10 years) undergoing surgery was correlated with age at surgery, laterality, and visual axis obscuration. After measuring axial length (AL) at each follow-up, the mean AL was calculated, adding the AL of all eyes divided by their total number. Rate of axial growth is the percentage difference between preoperative mean AL and mean AL at last follow up. The temporal profile of RAG is the difference between two consecutive mean ALs with respect to the previous reading. The follow-up period was 58.96 +/- 2.02 months. The student' paired t test and independent sample t test were applied. The main outcome measure was RAG. RESULTS: Rate of axial growth in children operated at < or = 1 year (23.5%) was significantly higher than in those at < or = 3 years (4.8%; P = .0001, confidence interval [CI] 1.05-3.2) and at < or = 10 years (4.3%; P = .0001, CI 1.3-3.1). In children operated at 相似文献   

先天性白内障二期人工晶状体植入术后眼轴长度变化的研究

目的:探讨婴儿出生3mo内先天性白内障摘除二期人工晶状体植入术后眼轴的变化。方法:对13例22眼(4例单眼)出生后3mo内的患儿行白内障摘除联合后囊膜连续环形撕囊及前段玻璃体切割手术,在2.5岁时行二期IOL植入手术并连续观察。分别在3,4,5岁时测量术眼眼轴长度;同时选择年龄和性别相匹配的同龄正常儿童作为对照组,比较两组之间的差异。结果:各年龄段术后患儿平均眼轴长度分别为22.41±1·75,23.16±1.42,23.73±1.37mm。与同年龄对照组进行比较,比正常儿童眼轴长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:婴儿早期行先天性白内障摘除并在2.5岁时植入IOL后,到5岁阶段,眼轴长度较同龄正常儿童眼轴发育快。     

Ocular axial length in unilateral congenital cataracts and blepharoptosis

Biometry performed in patients with unilateral dense congenital cataracts and unilateral complete blepharoptosis did not show a consistent elongation of the involved eye. The antero-posterior axis of the visually deprived eye was longer than that in the normal fellow eye in some but shorter or unchanged in other patients. These findings are in accord with the hypothesis gained from monkey experiments that visual deprivation during infancy may deregulate axial growth of the eye. However, unlike in monkeys where axial elongation usually prevails, this effect of visual deprivation is less predictable in humans.     

先天性白内障术后屈光变化及矫正

对先天性白内障的患儿实施白内障摘除手术已经基本达成共识,但先天性白内障手术后是否植入晶状体、植入晶状体的年龄及植入的人工晶状体度数仍是一个很有争议的问题。本文就先天性白内障患儿术后的屈光变化及残余屈光度的矫正进行综述。     

青光眼合并白内障联合手术后眼表的变化

目的：探讨超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障术后对眼表的影响。

方法：选择2016-02/2017-02于我院治疗的45例青光眼合并白内障患者,所有患者均为单眼患病,对患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。将术眼设为观察组,对侧健眼设为对照组。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗1wk,1、3mo后干眼症评分、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(fluorescein staining,FL)评分、基础泪液分泌试验(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)和结膜上皮杯状细胞(conjunctival impression cytology,CIC)密度。

结果：干眼症评分：术前观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 术后1wk,1mo显著高于术前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后3mo与术前和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BUT：术前观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 术后1wk,1、3mo均显著低于术前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FL评分：术前观察组显著高于对照组,观察组术后1wk,1、3mo FL评分与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SⅠt评分：术前观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 术后1wk,1、3mo,观察组SⅠt评分均显著低于术前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CIC密度：术前观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 术后1wk,1、3mo显著低于术前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障会加重干眼症状,降低泪膜稳定性和泪液分泌量,破坏结膜上皮杯状细胞。     

Glaucoma and increased central corneal thickness in aphakic and pseudophakic patients after congenital cataract surgery

AIM: To compare the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) among aphakic and pseudophakic patients following congenital cataract surgery with age matched controls. METHODS: This study included 43 eyes of 43 aphakic and pseudophakic patients following congenital cataract surgery. 44 healthy, age and sex matched volunteers were recruited for comparison with the patients. After a complete eye examination, corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were measured. RESULTS: In the study group, 33 eyes were aphakic, and the remaining 10 eyes were pseudophakic. The median CCT was 556.0 microm (range 490-640 microm) in the control group and 626 microm (range 523-870 microm) in the study group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in CCT between aphakic and pseudophakic eyes in which an intraocular lens (IOL) had been implanted at the time of congenital cataract surgery (p = 0.011). The same difference was not observed between aphakic and pseudophakic eyes in which an IOL had been implanted secondarily (p = 0.835). The median age of the patients at the time of lensectomy was 24 months (range 1 week to 120 months). There was a negative correlation between the age at lensectomy and CCT (r = -0.485, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Aphakic and pseudophakic patients have significantly thicker corneas than age matched controls. This difference can have an important effect on interpreting intraocular pressures in these patients. It is also important to assess the effects of early surgery for congenital cataracts, as well as those of primary and secondary IOL implantation, on CCT.     

婴儿期白内障摘除手术后眼轴长度、角膜屈光力及屈光状态的变化

目的探讨婴儿期白内障摘除手术后患儿眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、屈光度数变化情况及其发展规律。方法回顾性队列研究。选取2015年1月1日至2018年12月31日在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区103例因先天性白内障婴儿期接受白内障摘除手术患儿的病历资料,男性61例,女性42例,行手术时月龄为(3.95±1.94)个月。双眼白内障患儿均双眼接受白内障摘除手术,选取左眼进行分析。入选患儿至少随访1年,患儿按白内障摘除手术时月龄分为<4月龄组和4~12月龄组,比较患儿白内障摘除手术前及手术后1年的眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、检影验光的等效球镜度数以及变化量,采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析和简单线性回归法进行统计学分析。结果双眼白内障患儿71例,<4月龄组33例,4~12月龄组38例;单眼白内障患儿32例,<4月龄组17例,4~12月龄组15例。<4月龄组双眼患儿术后1年眼轴长度变化量为(2.46±1.33)mm,大于4~12月龄组的(1.52±1.00)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=3.21;P<0.01)。相同手术月龄分组中,双眼患儿患眼、单眼患儿患眼及对侧眼,三者间术后1年眼轴长度变化量差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后1年,双眼患儿患眼、单眼患儿患眼及对侧眼眼轴长度均与实际月龄的对数高度正相关(r=0.68,0.52,0.73;均P<0.01)。角膜屈光力随年龄增大总体呈减少趋势,<4月龄组双眼患儿术后1年角膜屈光力变化量为(1.43±2.87)D,大于4~12月龄组的(0.68±2.10)D,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。<4月龄组双眼患儿术后1年屈光度数变化量为(2.02±2.60)D,大于4~12月龄组的(0.69±1.89)D,差异有统计学意义(t=2.15;P<0.05)。单眼患儿患眼4~12月龄组术后1年屈光度数变化量为(2.05±0.95)D,大于双眼患儿4~12月龄组的(0.69±1.89)D,差异有统计学意义(t=2.49;P<0.05)。术后1年,双眼及单眼患儿患眼屈光度数均与实际月龄成高度负相关(r=-0.51,-0.54;均P<0.01)。结论婴儿期白内障摘除手术后1年,患儿眼轴长度增长,角膜屈光力降低,屈光度数降低,且患儿手术年龄越小,眼轴长度、角膜屈光力、近视漂移变化量越大。     

儿童先天性和外伤性白内障的手术效果观察

目的 评价儿童先天性和外伤性白内障手术的效果。方法 对77例（101眼）儿童行白内障摘出手术,其中78眼植入人工晶状体,25眼后囊截开,16眼行前段玻璃体切除。对术后随访1月－2年的59眼进行并发症分析。其中先天性白内障31眼,外伤性白内障17眼进行视力变化分析。结果 术后脱盲率77．1％,脱残率50．0％。主要并发症为晶状体前渗出膜、后囊浑浊、人工晶状体夹持。结论 儿童白内障术后视力均有提高,但并发症明显高于成年人,因此对3岁以下儿童人工晶状体植入持慎重态度。对于先天性白内障,尤其是完全性、致密核性、单侧白内障应尽早手术。对于外伤性白内障在积极控制炎症情况下尽早手术。术后随访、抗弱视治疗至关重要。     

Retrospective evaluation of ocular axial length after unilateral cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in children and adolescents

PURPOSE: To evaluate the postoperative ocular axial length in children, who had unilateral cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study we studied 20 children (12 boys and 8 girls) in age from 7 to 20 years (mean 14 +/- 3.65 years), who had undergone surgery for unilateral cataract: 8 children had congenital cataract; 7 patients had traumatic cataract; in 5 cases there were secondary cataract: 3 children had cataract after uveitis, in 1 child cataract was due to steroid therapy because of nephrotic syndrome and 1 patient had neurodermatic cataract. In 16 cases PMMA lens was used, heparinized lens was implanted in 3 eyes and acrylic lens in 1 eye. The power of implants was from + 19 D to +24 D (mean 20.98 +/- 1.6 D). All measurements of axial length were obtained using ultrasound A scan. Examination was done from 14 months to 7.5 years after surgery (mean 3.5 +/- 1.55 years). The axial length in the operated eyes was compared with axial length of the fellow nonoperated eyes. RESULTS: Mean axial length in operated eyes was 22.58 +/- 1.56 mm. Mean axial length in fellow eyes was 22.96 +/- 1.42 mm. There were no significant differences between operated and nonoperated eyes (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation does not influence rate of axial growth in children and adolescents.     

眼轴长度与白内障手术年龄的相关性

目的观察眼轴长度与白内障手术年龄之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析304例年龄大于50岁行第1只眼白内障手术的连续病例,记录手术年龄与眼轴长度,分析二者之间的相关性。结果未发现随眼轴长度加长,手术年龄减轻(P=0.632)。60岁以前手术者眼轴长度明显长于60岁以后手术的其余各年龄组患者的眼轴长度。散点图观察未发现眼轴长度与手术年龄之间有线性相关关系。结论眼轴增长可使白内障手术年龄提前。我国白内障患者手术时机的选择还受许多非医学因素的影响。