急性少量饮酒对P300参数的影响

为研究急性少量饮酒对认知功能的影响,对22名志愿者采集轻度饮酒前以及饮酒后两小时的脑电信号,利用事件相关电位技术提取P300电位,以P300峰值与潜伏期为指标对其进行研究。实验结果表明,志愿者饮酒后0.5 h到1.5 h内,P300峰值显著提高,其他时段无显著性差异,P300潜伏期各时段间均无显著差异。结合实验结果与神经行为认知状态测试(NCSE)得出结论,急性少量饮酒在短时间会提高大脑兴奋性,增强认知能力。     

Booster Effect of Low Doses of Tetanus Toxoid in Elderly Vaccinees

 In order to improve the immunity to diphtheria, the recommended booster dose of diphtheria/tetanus vaccine for adults in Sweden was changed in 1986 from 0.5 ml of tetanus vaccine with a small diphtheria dose to 0.25 ml of a diphtheria/tetanus vaccine containing 7.5 Lf tetanus toxoid and 30 Lf diphtheria toxoid/ml. This change resulted in an increase in the dose of diphtheria toxoid from 0.5 Lf to 7.5 Lf, but a decrease in the recommended booster dose of tetanus toxoid from 3.75 Lf to 1.9 Lf. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this lower dose of tetanus toxoid was also sufficiently protective for elderly people. Two hundred adults (median age 76 years, range 60–92 years) with no history of tetanus vaccination during the past 10 years volunteered for the study. One hundred two vaccinees were inoculated with 1.9 Lf tetanus toxoid (0.25 ml) and 98 with 3.75 Lf tetanus toxoid (0.5 ml). Paired serum samples were analysed by the toxin-binding inhibition assay. Side effects were few and mild, without significant differences between the groups. Response rates were similar, with the 3.75 Lf dose eliciting a marginally higher antitoxin response. The prevaccination geometric mean titre was the same for both groups: 0.03 IU/ml. Postvaccination geometric mean titres were 1.18 IU/ml for the 3.75 Lf group and 1.93 IU/ml for the 7.5 Lf group, respectively (difference not significant). Forty-seven percent of the vaccinees had a prevaccination titre of ≤0.01 IU/ml. Postvaccination, 85% had a titre >0.01 IU/ml. Booster vaccination with tetanus vaccine containing only 1.9 Lf of tetanus toxoid was thus found to induce an excellent immune response in elderly people, with few side effects resulting.     

Changes in Secretory Activity of Adrenal Zona Fasciculata Cells in Pubertal Rats Exposed to Low Doses of DDT in Different Periods of Ontogeny

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - We studied secretory activity of adrenal zona fasciculata cells in pubertal rats exposed to low doses of endocrine disrupter DDT during prenatal and...     

低剂量与常规剂量CT扫描在头颅检查中的对比研究

目的对比分析低剂量与常规剂量头颅CT扫描的辐射剂量比以及低剂量扫描对图像质量的影响。方法对120例头颅患者作头颅CT扫描,分为220mA、100mA、80mA3种剂量扫描,评价3种剂量扫描的图像质量;分别记录3种剂量扫描CT剂量容积(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积DLP(mGy.cm)。结果与常规剂量220mA扫描比较,100mA扫描对头颅图像的观察诊断没有影响;80mA扫描时图像颗粒增粗,组织结构分辨率下降,影响观察诊断以220mA为标准,低剂量组80mA和100mA的CTDIvoI、DLP分别是常规剂量组的36.7%、36.7%和45.9%、45.9%。结论100mA低剂量CT扫描对头颅细微显示没有明显影响,不影响观察诊断,完全可应用于头颅扫描方法。     

Studies of Cortical Interactions over Short Periods of Time during the Search for Verbal Associations

Interactions between cortical areas were studied during the search for verbal associations and reading of words. The functional anatomy and the sequence of involvement of cortical areas during the solution of these tasks have been described previously, in studies using positron emission tomography and multichannel recordings of evoked potentials combined with identification of the locations of dipole sources [8, 9, 19, 25]. Cortical interactions reflected in terms of the synchronization of EEG rhythms were studied by developing a method based on correlating curve wavelets, which allows the moments at which this synchronization occurs to be identified over short periods of time comparable with the speeds of individual thought operations (up to 100 msec). Three main stages were identified in the search for associations. During the first 200 msec after stimulus presentation, cortical connections were seen between the right and left frontal areas; at 200–500 msec, there were connections between the frontal and the temporal-parietal areas; finally, at 450–700 sec, there were connections between the left temporal and the right frontal-central-temporal areas. These results are in good agreement with data obtained previously using other methods and supplement them with mapping data on cortical connections. A number of differences in the mechanisms of information processing during the search for associations and reading were also identified.     

Effect of akatinol (Memantine) in central spinal pain syndrome

On the model of central spinal pain syndrome in rats induced by application of penicillin to the dorsal surface of the lumbar spinal cord, akatinol injected intraperitoneally at the peak of syndrome or applied locally simultaneously with penicillin produced a dose-dependent analgesic effect. Intraperitoneal injection of akatinol at the peak of pain syndrome inhibited neuronal activity in spinal dorsal horn: the amplitude of total evoked neuronal response significantly decreased and the duration of action potentials returned to normal. It is concluded that activation of NDMA receptors plays a significant role in the development of central spinal pain syndrome, in particular spontaneous pain attacks, hyperalgesia, and tactile allodynia. Akatinol can be an essential component of the complex pathogenetic therapy of central pains. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 5, pp. 500–503, May, 2000     

Modification of Chemotherapeutic Activity in Adriablastine with the Synthetic Antioxidant in Low Doses

Synthetic antioxidant potassium phenosan in ultralow doses administrated in combination with antitumor antibiotic adriamycin in a therapeutic dose (8 mg/kg) markedly prolonged the mean life span of tumor-bearing animals compared to adriamycin monotherapy. This effect depended on the dose of antioxidant and was maximum at phenosan concentrations of 10^-17 and 10^-15 M. Potassium phenosan in these concentrations not only increased the mean life span, but also determined survival of 10-20% animals (as differentiated from adriamycin monotherapy).     

Stimulation of Rabies Vaccine in Mice by Low Doses of Polyadenylic: Polyuridylic Complex

Addition of 100 mug of polyadenylic: polyuridylic (poly A:U) complex to each dose of inactivated rabies vaccine increased immunity to rabies challenge in mice. Stimulation was also observed after addition of 10 mug of poly A:U to the vaccines. Mixtures of rabies vaccine and poly A:U lost their stimulatory properties after storage at 37 or 4 C for 1 month. However, these data are encouraging for practical use of poly A:U as an adjuvant to viral vaccines.     

Effects of Low Doses of Oestradiol, Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone on the Immune Response of Broiler Chicks

Administration of either 1 μg kg-1 BW oestradiol 17β (E₂), 0.1 mg kg^-1 BW testosterone (T) or 0.2 mg kg^-1 BW dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in feed to broiler chicks for 50 days caused increased serum concentration of the hormones compared to the control birds that were given no drugs. E₂ and T but not DHT resulted in a significant decrease of the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and the weight of bursa of Fabricious. The hormones significantly reduced the macrophage phagocytic activity compared to controls. It is suggested that prolonged administration of low doses of E₂ and T but not DHT to chicken may induce immunosuppressant effect.     

Memantine for AIDS Dementia Complex: Open-Label Report of ACTG 301

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of memantine use as treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.Background: The results of a 20-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of memantine in HIV-infected participants with cognitive impairment (ACTG 301) were previously reported. We report the results of the up-to-60-week open-label phase following the double-blind phase.Method: Participants received open-label memantine and were escalated to a 40 mg/day dose or their maximum tolerated dose in the double- blind phase. Adverse experiences were used to evaluate safety, and changes in the mean of eight neuropsychological test scores (NPZ-8) were used to evaluate efficacy.Results: Ninety-nine participants entered the initial 12-week openlabel phase and 45 in the additional 48-week extension. Twenty-seven participants reported severe adverse experiences. During the initial 12-week open-label phase, participants randomized to memantine in the double-blind phase had a statistically significant higher improvement in NPZ-8 compared to those randomized to placebo in the double-blind phase. No statistically significant NPZ-8 changes were detected during the 48-week extension.Conclusion: Long-term use of memantine appears safe and tolerable. Future randomized studies with longer follow-up are necessary to establish efficacy of memantine for the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.     

Low Doses of Bisphenol A Disrupt Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neuronal Stem/Progenitor Cells

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical. Human epidemiological studies have suggested that adverse neurobehavioral outcomes are induced by fetal exposure to BPA. The remarkable differences in the corticogenesis between human and agyrencephalic mammals are an increase in the intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) and a following increase in the subplate thickness. It is uncertain whether low doses of BPA (low-BPA) affect human early corticogenesis when basal progenitor cells (BPs) produce IPCs resulting in amplified neurogenesis. In this study, human-derived neuronal stem/progenitor cells were exposed to low-BPA or the vehicle only, and the resultant cell type-specific molecular changes and morphology were analyzed. We focused on stem cells immunoreactive for SOX2, BPs for NHLH1, and immature neurons for DCX. SOX2-positive cells significantly decreased at day in vitro (DIV) 4 and 7, whereas NHLH1-positive cells tended to be higher, while DCX-positive cells significantly increased at DIV7 when exposed to 100 nM of BPA compared with the vehicle. Morphologically DCX-positive cells showed a decrease in unipolar cells and an increase in multipolar cells when exposed to 100 nM of BPA compared with the vehicle. These results provide insights into the in vivo effect of low-BPA on neuronal differentiation in the human fetal corticogenesis.     

Serotonin Precursor 5-Hydroxytryptophan Disturbs the Protective Effect of Low Doses of Antibodies to S100B Protein during the Formation of Long-Term Sensitization

We studied the effect of ultralow doses of antibodies to calcium-binding protein S-100B and 5-hydroxytryptophan, a metabolic precursor of serotonin, on the formation of long-term sensitization as a neurobiological model of anxiety and depression. Daily administration of antibodies to S-100B to edible snails before the formation of long-term sensitization prevents its development. 5-Hydroxytryptophan administered before the formation of long-term sensitization abolished the protective effect of antibodies to S-100B protein.     

Effect of Subhypnotic Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Antitumor Immunity in Mice

Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, is a drug often used for sedation. Despite the high prevalence of sedating patients with tumors in intensive care settings, little is known about the effect of sedative drugs on tumor growth. We studied the effect of dexmedetomidine on antitumor immunity in mice. Subhypnotic doses of dexmedetomidine decreased interleukin (IL)-12 production from thioglycollate-induced macrophages. The treatment also decreased the ratio of the helper T lymphocytes subsets, Th1 to Th2 (Th1/Th2), in the spleen. Following subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, dexmedetomidine further decreased the splenic Th1/Th2 ratio and activity of EL4-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Finally, treatment with dexmedetomidine accelerated EL4 growth in mice. These data show that treatment of mice with subhypnotic doses of dexmedetomidine downregulates antitumor immunity, possibly through the decreased production of IL-12 from antigen presenting cells, resulting in a Th2 shift and decreased CTL activity against EL4 in mice.     

帕罗西汀起始剂量不同对综合医院抑郁症患者依从性的影响

目的：探讨帕罗西汀起始剂量分别为10mg/日和20mg/日时，综合医院抑郁症患者依从性的差异。     

美金刚联合奥拉西坦治疗老年性痴呆的临床观察

目的:观察应用美金刚和奥拉西坦对老年性痴呆患者认知及行为能力的影响.方法:对2006年9月～2010年10月我院诊治的79例老年性痴呆患者随机分为两组,治疗组(40例)采用奥拉西坦注射液联合美金刚治疗,对照组(39例)仅采用美金刚口服,两组均治疗12周.治疗前后比较简易智能精神状态评估量表(MMSE)、日常生活功能量表(ADL)、临床痴呆评定(CDR).结果:两组组内治疗前后MMSE、ADL和CDR 评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后两组间比较,治疗组MMSE评分较对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但ADL和CDR评分两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:美金刚和奥拉西坦联合治疗老年性痴呆对患者认知、行为能力等均有显著改善作用.联合用药在改善患者认知能力方面疗效优于单独使用美金刚.