Effect of Interleukin-1β on the Behavior of Rats during Mild Stress in the Open-Field Test

We studied the effect of interleukin-1β on the behavior of rats with different individual typological characteristics during mild stress in the open-field test. Intraperitoneal injection of interleukin-1β (5 μg/kg, 108 U/mg) was followed by a decrease in orientation and exploratory activity of passive and, particularly, of active animals in the open field. As differentiated from rats receiving physiological saline, the initial differences in behavioral characteristics of active and passive animals were not revealed in the repeated test after injection of interleukin-1β. We conclude that interleukin-1β abolishes the behavioral differences between active and passive specimens in the open field. These data suggest that administration of interleukin-1β to rats leads to reorganization of the mechanisms for emotional evaluation of adverse emotiogenic factors under conditions of mild stress in the open-field test.     

The Effects of Lesions to the Striatum on the Function of the Hypothalamo–Hypophyseal–Adrenal System in Adrenalectomized Rats

Experiments on white rats were performed to study the effects of bilateral lesioning of the striatum on activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system (HHAS) after unilateral adrenalectomy. These studies showed that increases in the weight of the surviving adrenal gland were smaller in striatectomized rats than in controls. There was a significant decrease in corticosteroid production by the intact gland. These changes were most marked after destruction of the dorsal parts of the nucleus. These data provide evidence for involvement of the striatum in controlling HHAS activity via a feedback mechanism.     

Characteristics of the Functional State of the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal-Adrenocortical System in Krushinskii–Molodkina Rats

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - The aims of the present work were to assess interstrain differences in the functional state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system (HHACS) in...     

The Peptide ACTH4–7-PGP Corrects Behavior and Corticosterone Levels in Rats in Chronic Stress

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - The peptide ACTH4–7-PGP has a wide spectrum of neuroprotective actions, including antioxidant and antidepressant effects in stress conditions. One...     

The Effects of Immunization against Cholecystokinin Fragment 30–33 in the Behavior of White Rats

Active immunization of white rats with cholecystokinin-4 covalently linked to the antigen carrier BSA evoked long-lasting changes in the rats' behavior, which were in the opposite direction to the anxiogenic effects of cholecystokinin-4 itself, showing that immunization had anxiolytic effects. Immunoenzyme analysis demonstrated the presence of antibodies to cholecystokinin-4 in the serum of immunized rats. These data are interesting from the point of view of correcting pathological anxiety and fear states by inverse immunoregulation.     

Changes in β-Endorphin Level in the Cingulate Cortex in Rats after Peripheral Loperamide and Methylnaloxone Administration at Rest and during Emotional Stress

β-Endorphin content in the extracellular space of rat cingulate cortex was measured using intravital microdialysis followed by ELISA. Intragastric administration of μ-opioid ligands loperamide and methylnaloxone not crossing the blood-brain barrier produced different effects on β-endorphin level: loperamide reduced and methylnaloxone signifi cantly increased the release of β-endorphin into the extracellular space of rat cingulate cortex. Emotional stress caused by immobilization resulted in slight increase in β-endorphin level in the cingulate cortex. Peripheral administration of loperamide (but not methylnaloxone) signifi cantly increased the release of the neuropeptide during stress. These fi ndings support our hypothesis of reciprocal interaction between the central and peripheral compartments of the endogenous opioid system and provide explanations for the anti-stress effects of loperamide.     

Cytoskeleton Remodeling and Oxidative Stress Description in Morphologic Changes of Chondrocyte in Kashin–Beck Disease

Abstract

Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a kind of deformity disease involved in cytoskeleton and inner homeostasis regulation. The enrichment analysis of bioprocess, networks, and related disease set were performed. The development regulation, metabolic process, and apoptosis were important procession in KBD; it revealed the up-regulated process in removal of superoxide radicals, glycolysis and glucose catabolic process, regulation of cytoskeleton rearrangement and phagosome in antigen presentation. Morphological changes of KBD chondrocyte were investigated by transmission electronic microscopy compare with the normal one. The ultrastructure of KBD chondrocyte referred to oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction has been found.     

Role of the Brain Dopaminergic and Opioid System in the Regulation of “Child’s” (Maternal Bonding) Behavior of Newborn Albino Rats

Administration of D₂ receptor antagonist clebopride in a dose not affecting locomotor activity was followed by a decrease in maternal bonding behavior of 10-day-old and 15-day-old albino rat pups. D₁ receptor antagonist SCH23390 had a stimulatory effect only on the behavior of 10-day-old newborns. Opioid peptide β-casomorphin-7 abolished the effect of clebopride in rat pups of the older age group.     

Effect of Interleukin-1β on Functional Activity of Lymphoid Structures in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Rats during Acute Emotional Stress

We studied the effect of interleukin-1β on functional activity of lymphoid structures in the gastrointestinal tract of rats with various behavioral parameters during stress of simultaneous immobilization and electrocutaneous stimulation. Morphofunctional characteristics of lymphoid tissue were estimated by studying elimination of intraperitoneally injected Chinese ink particles into the mesenteric lymph nodes and wall of the jejunum. Intraperitoneal injection of interleukin-1β (5 μg/kg, 108 U/mg) was accompanied by accumulation of Chinese ink in the mesenteric lymph nodes of unstressed passive and active rats. The observed changes reflect an immunostimulatory effect of this cytokine. Acute stress was followed by an increase in the number of ink particles in the mesenteric lymph nodes and wall of the jejunum in behaviorally active rats. Under these conditions, the number of ink particles was elevated only in the mesenteric lymph nodes of passive specimens. As differentiated from passive animals, pretreatment of active rats with interleukin-1β before acute stress was followed by the increased elimination of Chinese ink (antigenic material) from the abdominal cavity to the lymph nodes and through the wall of the jejunum. These data illustrate specific features of immune mechanisms for the stress response in mammals with various behavioral characteristics.     

β-Amyloid 25–35 Suppresses the Secretory Activity of the Dopaminergic System in the Rat Brain

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system of the brain may underlie a number of the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease. Published data...     

Effects of Prenatal Stress on the Activity of an Enzyme Involved in Neurosteroid Synthesis During the “Critical Period” of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain in Male Rats

The effects of daily immobilization stress applied to female rats on days 15 to 18 of pregnancy on the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase (isoform I), involved in the synthesis of brain neurosteroids were studied in male offspring. The results demonstrated a decrease in enzyme activity in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of male fetuses one day after the last session of stress, while enzyme activity was elevated in the cortex of neonates. Increases in 5α-reductase activity in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus were also seen in prenatally stressed males on day 5 of life. There were reductions in plasma testosterone and progesterone levels in experimental animals on day 19 of embryonic life and in neonatal rats, the blood progesterone level in prenatally stressed rats remaining decreased at age five days. The possible involvement of neurosteroids in the actions of prenatal stress on sexual differentiation of the brain is discussed. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 90, No. 10, pp. 1255–1261, October, 2004.