N-乙酰化酶多态性与胃癌关系的研究

代谢酶多态性决定着机体对外源化学物的易感性和耐受性，也是肿瘤发生的遗传易感影响因素之一。本文报道了胃癌病人中Ｎ－乙酰化酶多态性的调研。３４例胃癌病人中１３例为慢型（３８２４％）；对照组１０７人中２０人为慢型（１８６９％）。基因频率分别０６１８３和０４３２３，两者之间有显著差异（Ｐ＝０．０２２）。从中推算出乙酰化酶慢型者患胃癌的相对危险度为２６９（１１６～６．２７），说明乙酰化酰慢型作为肿瘤遗传易感因素，在胃癌发病中的作用不应忽视。     

福建消化道肿瘤患者氮-乙化酶多态性调查

 为探讨N-乙酰化酶(NAT)多态性与消化道肿瘤遗传易感性的关系，检测了70例消化道肿瘤患者(胃癌34例、大肠癌28例、肝癌8例)和107例非肿瘤对照的N-乙酰化酶多态表型。结果显示70例消化道肿瘤患者27例为慢型(38.57%)；107例对照20例为慢型(18.69%)，两者之间有显著差异。OR值为2.67(95%CI 1.28~5.61)，提示N-乙酰化酶表型慢型患消化道肿瘤的危险性增加1.67倍。本调研为深入探讨消化道肿瘤的病因学并加强预防提供了新的线。     

胃肠肿瘤血清NK,LAK细胞抑制因子TAO—G的表达

作者应用新型胃肠肿瘤标志物－ＮＫ和ＬＡＫ细胞抑制因子ＴＡＯ－Ｇ血清检测试剂盒对消化道肿瘤患者８９例，良性消化道疾病患者，正常人３０例血清进行检测分析，实验结果证实，胃肠道肿瘤患者血清中ＴＡＯ－Ｇ表达阳性率为：胃癌６０．９％（２８／４６）、肠癌６７．４％（２９／４３）、良性疾病５％（２／４０），正常人均为阴性（０／３０）。提示血清ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ细胞抑制因子的表达与胃肠肿瘤有一定关系。     

胃肠肿瘤血清NK、LAK细胞抑制因子TAO－G的表达

作者应用新型胃肠肿瘤标志物ＮＫ和ＬＡＫ细胞抑制因子ＴＡＯ－Ｇ血清检测试剂盒（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）对消化道肿瘤患者８９例，良性消化道疾病患者４０例，正常人３０例血清进行检测分析，实验结果证实，胃肠道肿瘤患者血清中ＴＡＯ－Ｇ表达阳性率为：胃癌６０．９％（２８／４６）、肠癌６７．４％（２９／４３）、良性疾病５％（２／４０），正常人均为阴性（０／３０）。提示血清ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ细胞抑制因子的表达与胃肠肿瘤有一定关系。     

启东肿瘤患者的氮—乙酰化转移酶多态型的遗传规律研究

测试了启东肿瘤病人、配偶及其子女的氮－乙酰化转移酶多态表型，计算了各组的基因频率，分析了慢型的优势比，慢型者的肝癌危险度６．８７倍为最著。配偶的氮－乙酰化转移酶多态型的分布如常。患者子女的慢型比例也较高，他们的基因频率（０．５６左右）与理论预期相同。氮－乙酰化酶多态的遗传规律符合常染色体隐性遗传。     

N-乙酰化转移酶2基因多态与喉癌遗传易感性的研究

目的 探讨N－乙酰化转移酶2（NAT2）基因多态与喉癌遗传易感性的 关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR－RFLP）方法,对62例喉癌患者进行研究,测定其NAT2基因型,按吸烟指数（SI）不同,分层分析患癌风险。并与56例非肿瘤患者进行对照。结果 喉癌组慢乙酰化型基因型频率为80．6％,对照组为60．7％,两者差异有显著性（χ^2=5.70,P=0.017)。高吸烟剂量组的NAT2慢乙酰化型个体,患喉癌风险明显高于低吸烟剂量组,在比值比（OR）分别为5．64和1．38,95％可信限（95％,CI）分别为1.77-17.92和0.42-4.52。结论 NAT2慢乙酰化型个体患喉癌风险增加,在喉癌发生过程中,NAT2慢乙酰化型个体患喉癌风险增加,在喉癌发生过程中,NAT2慢乙酰化型与吸烟有协同作用。     

肝癌病人的氮－乙酰化酶多态性研究

代谢酶多态性决定着对致癌化学物的易感性和耐受性，是肿瘤发生的遗传先决影响因素之一。本文首报了肝癌病人中氮－乙酰化酶多态性研究。４６例肝癌病人中１９例为慢型（４１．３％）；而当地的代表人群，中学生１１４４人中２３２为慢型（２０．７％）；基因频率分别为：０．６４２７及０．４５０３，两者之间有显著差异。从中推算的乙酰化酶慢型者的肝癌的相对危险度为２．７７（１．５５－４．９６）。本调研为肝癌的病因学研究提供了新的线索。     

膀胱肿瘤患者外周血粘附分子CD44含量的改变及其临床意义

目的研究测定膀胱肿瘤患者外周血粘附分子ＣＤ４４含量的改变及其在临床诊断和治疗中的意义。方法应用流式细胞免疫学方法,测定３０例膀胱肿瘤患者手术前后外周血粘附分子ＣＤ４４含量,并与健康组作对照。结果膀胱肿瘤患者术前外周血淋巴细胞ＣＤ４４含量（４６２８％±１７９４％）较正常对照组（４８３％±１７０％）显著增高（Ｐ＜００１）,术后ＣＤ４４含量逐渐下降;在尚无症状和体征的原发及转移者（１９２２％±９５８％）,与对照组比较也显著增高（Ｐ＜００５）。结论检测膀胱肿瘤患者外周血ＣＤ４４含量,对其早期诊断、早期发现复发和转移,都有重要的临床价值。     

Ⅲ期肺癌外科治疗适应证的初步分析

２年手术治疗肺癌５５例，术后病理分期，Ⅲ期肺癌２８例（占５０．９％），其中Ⅲ＿ｂ期３例。术前有７例行支气管动脉灌注化疗。２８例中，手术切除１９例，占６７．９％，无手术死亡。２年随访，中位存活期１１个月。２年累积存活率６９．０％。本文提出了Ⅲ期肺癌各亚组的手术适应证，包括（１）周围型肺癌侵犯壁层胸膜或胸壁或伴有Ｎ＿２者；（２）、中央型肺癌距隆重＜２．０ｃｍ者，或肿瘤侵犯上腔静脉或肺血管主干者；（３）小细胞肺癌属于Ｔ＿３Ｎ＿（０－１）Ｍ＿０者。     

肿瘤坏死因子治疗晚期肺癌疗效观察

为验证第二军医大学神经生物学教研室研制的新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子（简写为ｒｈ ＴＮＦ－ＮＣ）对肺癌的疗效,作者近五年来按住院先后对１６２例经病理和／细胞学确诊为鳞癌６８例,腺癌６７例,未分型癌２７例,心、肝、肾功能正常,Ｋａｒｎｏｆ－ｓｋｙ评分≥６０分的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,随机分成ＮＣ组（Ａ组）５４例,ＥＰＦ化疗方案组（Ｂ组）５１例,ｒｈＴＮＦ－ＮＣ联合ＥＰＦ化疗方案组（Ｃ组）５７例,进行治疗对照观察,现报告如下。 治疗方法 Ａ组：ｒｈＴＮＦ－ＮＣ ５０万 Ｕ,ｉ．ｖ,慢注,第１～５天,第８～１２天…     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.