MR LAVA技术在肝脏良、恶性病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨1.5 T MR肝脏三维容积快速扫描(LAVA)技术在肝脏良、恶性病变中的应用价值.资料与方法 对78例肝脏病变患者分别进行平扫和LAVA扫描,观察LAVA各期的影像表现,分析病灶的强化规律及血供关系.结果 78例中53例拟诊为恶性肿瘤,与手术、穿刺病理结果及实验室检查比较,诊断符合率为96.2%(51/53);25例良性患者诊断符合率为92%(23/25).结论 LAVA技术能够清晰地显示肝脏病变的各期动态变化及血供,结合平扫,对肝脏良、恶性病变的定性诊断以及治疗有重要指导意义.     

MRI在乳腺疾病中的应用价值

目的:探讨MRI对乳腺疾病的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析135例经手术病理证实的乳腺疾病患者的病例资料.分析比较乳腺良恶性病变的MRI平扫和动态增强表现及时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)的特点,并与乳腺X线摄影结果进行对照.结果:135例患者共发现142个病灶,其中恶性病变64个,良性病变78个.乳腺良性病变的主要平扫MRI表现:T1WI呈低信号42个、等信号32个、高信号4个;T2WI呈低信号2个、等信号20个、高信号56个.恶性病变的主要平扫MRI表现:T1WI呈低信号48个、等信号14个、高信号2个;T2WI呈低信号1个、等信号13个、高信号50个.增强扫描:良性病变多为较均匀强化,以Ⅰ型(持续强化)曲线为主(56个);恶性病变强化多不均匀、以Ⅲ型曲线(廓清型)为主(47个).动态增强扫描对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断符合率为90.8%,优于平扫MRI (71.8%)和乳腺X线摄影(65.5%).结论:MRI平扫加增强扫描是评价乳腺疾病的一种有效影像学方法,尤其是动态增强MRI更有助于良恶性病变的鉴别.     

3.0 TMR联合乳腺X线摄影对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨乳腺 X线摄影、3.0T MR检查及两者联合应用对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法收集乳腺 X线摄影、MR检查的女性患者61例,良性14例,恶性47例。所有病例均经手术病理证实。观察病变时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)、表观扩散系数(ADC)值、磁共振波谱(MRS)有无胆碱(Cho)峰。分析单独运用乳腺X线摄影、MR及2种技术联合应用在乳腺良恶性病变的价值。采用 SPSS 17.0统计软件包进行分析,计数资料进行卡方检验,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果单独使用乳腺 X线摄影及 MR诊断乳腺良恶性疾病的诊断符合率分别是45.9%、62.3%;两者联合运用诊断乳腺良恶性疾病的符合率为80.3%,均高于单独使用某一种检查(χ2=4.08,P<0.05)。结论 MR检查对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值高于乳腺 X线摄影。乳腺 X线摄影联合 MR检查明显提高乳腺良恶性病变术前诊断的准确率,为早期诊断及预后提供理论依据。     

常规超声在乳腺病灶良恶性鉴别中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨常规超声在乳腺病灶良恶性鉴别中的临床应用价值.方法 对94例乳腺肿块患者进行超声检查,将所得的二维及彩色多普勒声像图特征与手术病理检查结果进行对比分析.结果 对超声检查方法与病理诊断符合情况分析发现,超声检查发现良性肿块61例,诊断符合率为88.41％（61/69）;超声检查发现恶性肿块23例,诊断符合率为92.00％（23/25）;对良性组和恶性组的诊断符合率进行统计学分析发现两组的诊断符合率无统计学差异（x2=0.39,P＞0.05）.良性组和恶性组在二维超声声像图方面有明显不同,其中良性组的二维超声声像图多以界限清楚,有包膜,形态规则,内部回声较均匀,后方无衰减,而恶性组的二维超声声像图则多以边界欠清楚或不清楚,无包膜,形态不规则,内部回声不均匀,后方存在衰减.结论 彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良、恶性病变的形态学检查有重要鉴别诊断价值,二维灰阶声像图的特征是乳腺肿块的首要诊断依据.     

动态增强MRI在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨动态增强MRI在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别与诊断中的应用价值。方法分析80例乳腺病变患者临床影像学资料,并以手术病理诊断为金标准。结果经手术病理诊断发现,其中良性病变者35例,恶性病变者45例。良性病变者毛刺状及边缘不规则者明显少于恶性病变者,P0.05;良性病变者边缘形态主要表现为光滑。恶性病变者A型者明显多于良性病变人群,然良性病变者C型者较恶性病变者多,P0.05。良性病变者早期MRI增强率以60%为主,而恶性病变者以≥60%为主。结论应用动态增强MRI可有利于医生鉴别乳腺良恶性病变患者病灶形态,同时信号强度时间曲线和早期增强率可辅助临床疾病诊断。     

超声BI-RADS分类对乳腺结节良恶性鉴别中的应用价值

目的 探讨高频彩色多普勒超声BI-RADS分类在乳腺结节良恶性鉴别中的应用价值。方法 选取乳腺结节患者80例,均行高频彩色多普勒超声检查并经超声BI-RADS分类标准进行分析,以病理学为金标准,对比超声BI-RADS分类在乳腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用效能。结果 80例中共有结节80个,经病理学检测显示良性病变50例,恶性病变30例。经超声BI-RADS分类显示良性49例,恶性31例。超声BI-RADS分类3类、5～6类的诊断与病理结果一致,灵敏度、特异度以及准确度均为100%,4类诊断的灵敏度95.83%、特异度100%、准确度97.3%。结论 超声BIRADS分类标准进行乳腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断具有非常高的诊断准确度,4类分级结节的鉴别诊断准确度相对偏低。     

乳腺病变的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的 评价MRI扫描对乳腺病变的检出及良恶性病变鉴别诊断能力.方法 收集2007-02-2009-02间43例50枚(恶性＝21,良性＝29)乳腺病变患者,术前行MRI平扫及动态增强检查,检查序列T1WI、T2WI 、STIR(SPAIR)及3DTHRIVE动态增强.根据病灶形态及时间-信号强度曲线进行良恶性病变鉴别,并将影像检查结果与手术病理检查对照.结果 综合应用各MRI序列病变检出率分别98.00%;对恶性病变敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为80.95%、89.66%、86.00% .结论 MRI增强扫描及时间-信号强度曲线联合应用可提高乳腺病变诊断及鉴别诊断能力.     

乳腺肿块的热断层成像分析

目的:探讨乳腺肿块在热断层成像系统(TTM)中热源的特点。方法:将乳腺肿块106例病人进行TTM检查,与病理结果对照,从乳腺异常热源的形态、结构、深度及热辐射值来分析良、恶性病变在TTM上的表现。结果:病理结果恶性病变49例,良性病变57例,TTM在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤诊断与病理诊断的符合率为89.5%和91.9%,良、恶性肿瘤热辐射值分别为1.822和2.599(P<0.001),深度在良、恶性肿瘤中也有明显差异。结论:恶性病变的形态多不规则,结构密实,热辐射值较高,良性病变则相反;TTM在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断中有重要的价值。     

眼眶分区及CT、MRI征象在眼眶占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的 探讨眼眶分区及CT、MRI征象在鉴别眼眶良、恶性占位性病变的诊断价值.方法 收集201例经病理证实的眼眶占位性病变临床及CT、MRI资料,按4分区法统计分析病变在眼眶各区的分布情况及病变部位、形态、边界、与周围结构关系、MRI信号、CT密度、钙化、眶壁骨质改变等指标在鉴别眼眶良、恶性占位的诊断价值.结果 (1)病变分布:①眼眶良、恶性占位性病变总体在各区的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2总=48.93,P=0.000).病变仅位于骨膜外区18例、神经鞘区4例、肌锥内区39例均为良性.肌锥外区病变103例,良性(64%,66/103)多于恶性(36%,37/103).②眼眶良、恶性占位性病变在单区及混合区的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.559,P=0.000).164例单区病变,良性(77%,127/164)多于恶性(23%,37/164);37例混合区病变,恶性(65%,24/37)多于良性(35%,13/37).(2)CT、MRI征象:201例病变,140例良性,61例恶性,其中(良性/恶性):形态规则(93/10),边界清楚(108/24),包绕眼球(24/39),骨质破坏(4/11).病变形态、边界、包绕眼球、骨质破坏在眼眶良、恶性病变之间有差异.钙化、T1WI/T2WI信号、眼球变形移位及是否单双侧发病在眼眶良、恶性病变中无差异.结论 眼眶占位性病变在眼眶各区的分布及其CT、MRI征象有一定规律, 根据眼眶分区及征象特点有助于诊断.     

磁共振动态增强联合扩散加权成像对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨磁共振动态增强（DCE-MRI）及扩散加权成像（DWI）对乳腺良恶性病变的定性诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的122例乳腺病变患者的临床和影像学资料，所有病例术前行双乳MRI检查。分析病灶的形状、边界、强化方式、早期强化率（EER）、时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）及表观扩散系数（ADC）值，参照Fischer评分标准对影像表现进行评分，根据乳腺影像报告与数据系统第5版（BI-RADS）进行分类诊断。与病理结果对照，计算DCE-MRI、DWI、DCE联合DWI对乳腺病变的诊断敏感度、特异度和符合率，并采用ROC曲线分析其诊断效能。结果：122例中恶性80例，良性42例。DCE-MRI诊断敏感度为87.5%，特异度87.5%，符合率86.9%。以恶性病变ADC值的95%可信区间上限1.225×10-3mm2/s作为鉴别诊断阈值，敏感度为85.7%，特异度78.9%，符合率83.6%。DCE联合DWI的诊断敏感度达93.8%，特异度90.5%，符合率92.6%。DCE联合DWI鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的AUC（0.915）高于单独诊断（0.866，0.855）。结论：DCE-MRI鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能较高，DWI可提供辅助诊断信息，DCE与DWI联合诊断能明显提高对乳腺病变的术前定性诊断准确性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.