Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒UL12基因在大肠杆菌BL21和Rosetta菌中的差异表达

目的构建Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)的UL12基因原核重组表达质粒pET32a-UL12,比较重组表达质粒pET32a-UL12在E.coli BL21和E.coli Rosetta表达产量与生物学活性。方法使用PCR的方法扩增出HSV-1的UL12基因,克隆至原核表达质粒pET32a(+),构建出重组质粒pET32a-UL12,分别转化E.coli BL21和E.coli Rosetta菌。经SDS-PAGE鉴定分析目的蛋白的表达差异,并比较在两种菌中目的蛋白的活性。结果重组质粒pET32a-UL12在E.coli BL21和E.coliRosetta的包涵体中均表达出了碱性核酸酶融合蛋白,E.coli Rosetta中表达的碱性核酸酶融合蛋白表达量较大,而E.coliBL21中表达的碱性核酸酶活性更高。结论成功构建了表达出了具有较高活性的HSV-1碱性核酸酶融合蛋白,为进一步研究抗HSV-1药物奠定了基础。     

The differential expression of HSV -1 UL12 gene in E.coil BL21 and E.coli Rosetta

目的 构建Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV -1)的UL12基因原核重组表达质粒pET32a - ULI2,比较重组表达质粒pET32a -UL12在E.coli BL21和E.coli Rosetta表达产量与生物学活性.方法 使用PCR的方法扩增出HSV -1的UL12基因,克隆至原核表达质粒pET32a(+),构建出重组质粒pET32a - UL12,分别转化E.coli BL21和E coli Rosetta菌.经SDS - PAGE鉴定分析目的蛋白的表达差异,并比较在两种菌中目的蛋白的活性.结果 重组质粒pET32a - UL12在E.coli BL21和E.coli Rosetta的包涵体中均表达出了碱性核酸酶融合蛋白,E.coli Rosetta中表达的碱性核酸酶融合蛋白表达量较大,而E.coliBL21中表达的碱性核酸酶活性更高.结论 成功构建了表达出了具有较高活性的HSV -1碱性核酸酶融合蛋白,为进一步研究抗HSV -1药物奠定了基础.     

重组质粒Eg.EF-1/pGEX-6P-1的构建及原核诱导表达

将细粒棘球蚴（Echinococcus granulosus,Eg.）延伸因子（Elongation factor 1,EF-1）与pGEX-6P-1构建成重组质粒并进行表达、纯化及对其特性进行鉴定.将构建好的EF-1/pGEM-T经双酶切后获取目的基因片段,定向重组于表达载体pGEX-6P-1并转化大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导表达,用蛋白亲和层析柱GSTrap FF对表达产物进行纯化,特异性蛋白解离酶PreScission^TM Protease酶切融合蛋白从中获取重组Eg.EF-1;SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法鉴定表达产物.获得的Eg.EF-1/pGEX-6P-1/E.coli BL21菌株,诱导表达融合蛋白和纯化分离得到的31 ku Eg.EF-1均能被细粒棘球蚴天然抗原免疫的兔多克隆抗血清识别.证明成功构建出具有有效表达的Eg.EF-1/pGEX-6P-1菌株,初步证实重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性.     

内源性血管生成抑制因子Arresten的序列测定及在E.coli BL21中的表达

目的构建内源性血管生成抑制因子Arresten基因的原核表达载体,并对其进行序列测定和在E.coli BL21中进行表达。方法从健康产妇的胎盘组织中提取总RNA,经反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增出Arresten基因,对其序列测定后构建重组质粒pBV220-Arr转化E.coli BL21进行原核表达。结果成功筛选出Arresten基因,并将基因序列和蛋白序列提交基因库,成功构建了重组质粒pBV220-Arr,重组质粒在菌株中获得表达。结论构建的原核表达重组体pBV220-Arr能高效表达重组Arresten蛋白。     

sCR1在原核中表达、纯化、复性及活性鉴定

目的采用原核表达载体pET28a在E.coli BL21(DE3)中获得高表达、高活性的重组人sCR1融合蛋白。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,将其克隆入原核表达载体pET28a中,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pET28a-sCR1),经测序鉴定正确,转化入E.coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定,通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后进行复性及生物学活性鉴定。结果获得原核表达载体pET28a-sCR1,经PCR鉴定及测序鉴定,得到重组E.coli BL21(DE3)克隆菌株,经IPTG诱导含有pET28a-sCR1的E.coli BL21(DE3)克隆菌,表达出重组人sCR1融合蛋白。此蛋白在SDS-PAGE上表现为Mr大于29000的蛋白区带,在Western blot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆单抗体(mAb)识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化、复性后得到高纯度的sCR1融合蛋白表达及较高的生物学活性。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在E.coli BL21(DE3)表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原性及其生物学活性。     

内源性血管生成抑制因子A rresten在E.coli JM109中的表达及抗新生血管生成的药理学研究

目的构建内源性血管生成抑制因子Arresten基因的原核表达载体,并进行表达,抑制新生血管的药理学实验中发现,该表达产物具有抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生长的功能。方法从健康产妇的胎盘组织中提取总RNA,经逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增出Arresten基因,构建重组质粒pBV220-Arr转化E.coli JM109进行原核表达,大量表达提取Arresten蛋白,用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜实验进行活性测定。结果成功构建的重组质粒pBV220-Arr在E.coliJM109菌株中2~8 h均可获得表达,其中诱导4 h表达效率最高,Arresten蛋白可明显抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生长,活性功能明显强于血管抑素。结论成功构建Arresten基因重组质粒pBV220-Arr,并可在E.coli JM109菌株中获得表达,Arresten蛋白具有明显的抑制血管生成的作用。     

人甲状腺过氧化物酶膜外区基因的克隆及其杆状病毒表达载体的构建

摘要 目的：尝试克隆人甲状腺过氧化物酶（hTPO）膜外区基因并构建其杆状病毒表达载体,为其在昆虫细胞中的表达打好基础。方法：PCR扩增hTPO膜外区基因,并将其先后重组入pGEM3zf(+)质粒和pFastBac1质粒,以hTPO-pFastBAC1质粒转染E.coli DH10Bac大肠杆菌,获得重组hTPO杆状病毒表达载体（hTPO-Bacmid）,分别以多种方法鉴定其正确性。结果：经PCR及酶切、基因测序等方法证实得到的重组hTPO-pGEM3zf(+)质粒、hTPO-pFastBAC1质粒和hTPO-Bacmid均与预期相符。结论：成功的克隆了hTPO膜外区基因,并将其正确重组入pGEM3zf(+)质粒和pFastBac1质粒,后者经位点特异性转座整合至Bacmid,成功的构建了重组hTPO杆状病毒表达载体,为进一步实现hTPO在昆虫细胞中的真核表达作好了准备。     

微生物酶基因克隆与表达的初步尝试

且的探索微生物酶基因的克隆与表达，为新药的开发和利用寻找新途径。方法以黑曲霉M-1茵株总RNA为模板，通过RT-PCR扩增，将扩增后的a-葡萄糖转苷酶CDNA重组到载体pSE380中构建重组质粒pSE-atg，并由其将此酶基因导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE7）．通过IPTG诱导剂诱导表达目的蛋白。结果黑曲霉M-1菌株总RNA适合作反转录PCR的模板；目标酶eDNA己正确连接到pSi80质粒上、并通过此质粒转移至大肠杆菌BL21（DE7）成功实现重组，且在重组大肠杆菌上的酶基因表达无误。结论十葡萄糖苷酶基因能被成功克隆与表达，这为新药的开发和利用开僻了一条新思路。     

黑色素瘤抗原-3原核重组质粒的构建及表达

目的 构建MAGE-3目的 基因原核重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3并检测其在大肠杆茵(E.coli)B121(DE3)中的表达.方法 RT-PCR法制备MAGE-3目的 基因,连接入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1.构建MAGE-3目的 基因的原核重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3并测序,将该质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3)菌株,经IPTG诱导,12%SDS-PAGE和Western Blot表达鉴定.结果 扩增出349bp的MAGE-3 目的 基因并构建了原核重组表达栽体pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3;测序结果与GenBank收录序列相一致;在E.coli BL21(DE3)中检测到含该重组表达载体的转化菌表达出分子量约35kD的融合蛋白并证实其为目的 蛋白.结论 成功构建的原核重组表达栽体pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3及其所表达的融合蛋白,为以MAGE-3为基础的肽疫苗及特异诊断试剂的研制提供抗原打下了基础,为后续实验提供了依据.     

异源性Th表位修饰的CTLA4-Ig—msBlys构建及融合蛋白表达

目的构建异源性Th表位修饰的CTLA4-Ig-msBlys的原核表达质粒,并在EcoliBL21中诱导融合蛋白表达,初步检测蛋白特性。方法采用PCR法从质粒pCMV-sBlys扩增sBlys片段,将与卵清蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）Th表位重组后的msBlys连接CTLA4-Ig片段,克隆入pGEX-KG原核表达载体,用LB固体培养基抗生素筛选、酶切并经琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定;将质粒pGEX—KG-CTI。A4-Ig—msBlys转入E．coliBL21菌株中,实现插入基因的融合表达,用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测表达产物。结果pGEX—KG—GTLA4-Ig—msBlys构建正确且最终转人E．coliBL21,得到融合蛋白的表达;CTLA4-Ig-msBlys融合蛋白在E．coli中获得表达,表达产物的相对分子质量同预期值一致。结论成功构建原核表达质粒pGEX-KG-CTLA4-Ig-msBlys,并在E．coliBL21表达CTLA4-Ig-msBlys融合蛋白,为下一步探讨Blys在自身免疫性疾病患者的治疗作用奠定了基础。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.