地塞米松对新辅助化疗后乳腺癌患者术后恶心呕吐发生率的影响

目的：评估地塞米松对新辅助化疗（术前化疗）后乳腺癌改良根治术术后恶心呕吐（postoperative nausea and vomiting, PONV）的预防效果。方法：新辅助化疗后行乳腺癌改良根治术的女性乳腺癌患者280例,18~60岁,随机分为两组,每组140例：（1）D组：实验组,术前给予10 mg地塞米松静脉滴注;（2）C组：对照组,术前给予2 mL生理盐水作为安慰剂静脉滴注。每组患者再分为两亚组,每组70例,分别应用丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉(total intravenous anesthesia, TIVA)（P亚组）和七氟醚维持吸入全身麻醉（S亚组）。所有患者均进行标准的全身麻醉操作,手术结束前30 min静脉滴注昂丹司琼(ondansetron) 8 mg。随访术后24 h内患者恶心呕吐的发生率,并对PONV的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。检测因素包括年龄、体重指数（body mass index, BMI）、手术时间、术后疼痛程度、晕动病史/既往PONV史、是否应用地塞米松以及麻醉方法。结果：术后24 h内D组患者恶心呕吐的发生率明显低于C组患者（11.4% vs. 20.7%,P=0.034）;术后0~2 h D组患者PONV的发生率低于C组患者（1.4% vs. 6.4%,P=0.031）;术后2~24 h D组患者PONV的发生率与C组患者差异无显统计学意义（10.7% vs. 17.9%,P=0.088）。术后24 h内各时段,D组与C组内丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉亚组与吸入麻醉亚组PONV的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示地塞米松对新辅助化疗后乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后恶心呕吐有预防效果（OR=0.447,P=0.030）,晕动症/PONV病史是术后恶心呕吐的危险因素（OR=15.730,P＜0.001）。结论：术前应用地塞米松可明显降低新辅助化疗后乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后恶心呕吐的发生率。     

穴位神经电刺激预防乳腺癌患者术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察乳腺癌仿根术患者超前应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪(HANS),能否减轻术后恶心、呕吐(PONV)并将其效果与应用昂丹斯琼进行比较。方法拟行乳腺癌根治术的患者90例,随机分为3组,每组30例。A组麻醉前30 min应用HANS,B组手术结束前静脉注射昂丹斯琼,C组为对照组。3组均实行硬膜外麻醉,术后病人采用自控硬膜外镇痛。术后测定2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的VRS评分,恶心、呕吐情况,止吐药的需要情况及不良反应。结果A组12 h内的PONV发生率显著低于C组;B组各时段内PONV发生率均显著低于C组。A、B组两组术后各时段恶心的发生率均显著低于C组。A组仅术后6 h内的呕吐发生率显著低于C组;B组各时段内呕吐发生率均显著低于C组。结论应用HANS刺激内关穴可以降低乳腺癌仿根术后患者的12 h内PONV发生率。     

昂丹司琼不同配伍预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的探讨妇科腹腔镜手术后静脉注射昂丹司琼配伍不同药物对术后恶心呕吐的预防疗效。方法 120例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分成3组。A组静注昂丹司琼4mg＋生理盐水2ml;B组静注昂丹司琼4mg＋芬太尼50ug;C组静注昂丹司琼4mg＋地塞米松10mg。观察术后24h患者的恶心呕吐情况。结果 A、B、C组患者恶心呕吐发生率分别为27.5%、22.5%、7.5%。A组与C组之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,B组与C组之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）第A组与B组之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论本研究示术毕时静脉注射昂丹司琼不同配伍均能有效预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐,C组配伍效果更佳。     

昂丹司琼、托烷司琼和格拉司琼预防全身麻醉术后恶心呕吐的随机双盲研究

目的比较5羟色胺3(5HT3)受体拮抗剂昂丹司琼、托烷司琼和格拉司琼预防全身麻醉手术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法360例择期接受气管插管全身麻醉手术的患者,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)体格情况分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,年龄18~75岁。根据随机双盲原则分为3组,每组120例,于麻醉诱导前分别给3组患者缓慢静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg、托烷司琼5mg或格拉司琼3mg,观察术后24h内恶心呕吐发生情况并作比较。结果昂丹司琼组、托烷司琼组和格拉司琼组术后24h内完全抑制恶心呕吐的有效率分别为70.0%、68.6%和72.9%,术后恶心发生率分别为22.5%、25.4%和20.3%,术后呕吐发生率分别为10.0%、13.6%和8.5%,3组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。术后24h内均未观察到与抗呕吐药相关的明显不良反应。结论麻醉诱导前缓慢静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg、托烷司琼5mg或格拉司琼3mg,能同样安全有效地预防手术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

昂丹司琼和格拉司琼对术后恶心呕吐高风险患者的预防作用

目的 比较昂丹司琼和格拉司琼对术后恶心呕吐高风险患者预防作用的效果.方法 200例行择期全麻手术的术后恶心呕吐高风险患者(女性、非吸烟者和术后应用阿片药),采用随机数字表法根据随机双盲原则分为2组,每组100例,分别于术毕静注昂丹司琼4mg或格拉司琼3mg,比较术后24h内恶心呕吐的情况.结果 术后24h内格拉司琼比昂丹司琼完全抑制恶心呕吐的有效率高(昂丹司琼组46.9％比格拉司琼组62.6％,P＝0.048).术后恶心发生率(昂丹司琼组42.9％比格拉司琼组34.3％)、术后呕吐发生率(昂丹司琼组25.5％比格拉司琼组20.2％)和术后补救性止吐药使用率(昂丹司琼组19.4％比格拉司琼组15.2％)差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对术后恶心呕吐高风险的患者,格拉司琼比昂丹司琼术后24h内完全抑制恶心呕吐的有效率高.     

恩丹西酮预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of ondansetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) of cholecystectomy under abdominoscope. METHODS: Sixty patients, scheduled for selective cholecystectomy under abdominoscope, were randomly and double-blindly allocated to receive an intravenous bolus of either 0.9% NS 10 ml(Group placebo, n = 30) or 8 mg of ondansetron in 10 ml solution(Group ondansetron, n = 30), respectively. RESULTS: The incidences of nausea and vomiting in ondansetron group(33.3% and 26.7%) were significantly lower than those in placebo group(73.3% and 66.7%) (P < 0.05). Administration of ondansetron had no obvious effect on the mean arterial pressure, SpO2, and respiratory frequency. CONCLUSION: Ondansetron can be used effectively and safely to prevent PONV in cholecystectomy patients under abdominoscope.     

Comparison of ondansetron, dexamethasone, ondansetron plus dexamethasone and placebo in the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic tubal ligation

Laparoscopic tubal ligation is associated with an appreciably high rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron, dexamethasone, ondansetron plus dexamethasone or placebo in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients after laparoscopic tubal ligation. In a prospective, randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial, 160 ASA I-II females received one of four regimens; ondansetron 4 mg, dexamethasone 8 mg, ondansetron 4 mg plus dexamethasone 8 mg or placebo (n=40 each) intravenously immediately before induction of anaesthesia. Patients were then observed for 24 hours postoperatively. The incidence of emetic episodes in the ondansetron with dexamethasone group was lower than in the placebo (p<0.001) and ondansetron (p=0.091) and dexamethasone (p=0.143) groups. A complete response (as no postoperative nausea and vomiting) was achieved in 60% of patients given ondansetron, 63% of the patients given dexamethasone, 78% of patients given ondansetron with dexamethasone and 37% of patients received placebo. The prophylactic use of ondansetron with dexamethasone is more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐原因分析及早期护理干预

目的：小剂量地塞米松,恩丹西酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心和呕吐（PONV）有预防作用,二者效果尚未评价,对此预防效果作临床观察。方法：对60个择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术的病人进行随机、双盲、安慰剂的比较。空腹前将地塞米松组（D组）静注地塞米松5mg;恩丹西硐（O组）静注恩丹西硐4mg,安慰剂组（A组）静注生理盐水。结果：在超过3次呕吐经历（P〈0．05）,D组和。组明显减少了恶心和呕吐（PONV）的发生（P〈0．01）,D组和O组无显著差异。结论：预防性静注小剂量地塞米松或恩丹西酮4mg明显降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的恶心和呕吐发生率,较安慰剂优。     

昂丹司琼和甲氧氯普胺对面神经微血管减压术后舒芬太尼镇痛恶心呕吐的防治

目的：观察昂丹司琼和甲氧氯普胺对面肌痉挛面神经微血管减压术成年患者舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛恶心呕吐的防治作用。方法选择150例行面神经微血管减压术的成年患者,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄35～65岁,随机分为3组。 A：昂丹司琼组,B：甲氧氯普胺组,C：昂丹司琼联合甲氧氯普胺组。术毕均连接病人静脉自控镇痛泵（ PCIA）。分别于术后的6,12,24,48h记录患者镇痛评分、恶心、呕吐和其他相关并发症的发生情况。结果术后各时间点疼痛评分无统计学差异,镇痛效果相同。术后24h内A,C组恶心的发生率及程度均低于B组（P＜0．01）,A,C两组之间无统计学差异。术后6h和12h呕吐发生率和术后6h呕吐程度C组低于A, B两组（P＜0．01）,且A,B组之间无统计学差异。24h C组呕吐发生率及程度低于B组（P＜0．01）,而A,C之间与A,B之间均无统计学差异。术后48h 3组之间恶心呕吐发生率及严重程度均无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论昂丹司琼对于舒芬太尼术后镇痛引起的恶心呕吐效果确切,联合甲氧氯普胺使用对呕吐的效果更佳。     

Transdermal fentanyl for postoperative pain management. A double-blind placebo study

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transdermal fentanyl citrate for postoperative pain management in 42 healthy adult patients undergoing major shoulder surgery. Transdermal systems rated to deliver fentanyl citrate at a rate of 75 micrograms/h were applied to the skin immediately prior to surgery and worn for 24 hours. Patients in the active group required significantly less morphine than the placebo group during the 24-hour period that systems were in place (0.8 +/- 0.61 vs 1.3 +/- 0.64 mg/h) and for the first 12 hours after removal (0.3 +/- 0.36 vs 0.5 +/- 0.32 mg/h). The incidence of vomiting was more frequent in the active group than in the placebo group (73% vs 30%), and respiratory rate in the active group was lower than in the placebo group during the 13- to 24-hour interval of system application (14 +/- 3 vs 16 +/- 2 breaths per minute). Nevertheless, transdermal fentanyl appears to be safe and effective after orthopedic surgery in healthy adult patients.     

小剂量地塞米松对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠道反应干预效果的临床观察

目的 探讨小剂量地塞米松干预腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术后胃肠道反应（恶心呕吐）的效果,寻求地塞米松的最小有效干预剂量.方法 选择200例病人,随机分为5组（n=40）.分别于麻醉诱导前静注地塞米松0.05 mg.kg-1（D0.05组）、地塞米松0.1 mg.kg^-1（D0.1组）、地塞米松0.2 mg.kg-1（D0.2组）、恩丹西酮4 mg（O组）和同量生理盐水（S组）.分别观察记录手术后0～24 h内病人PONV情况、抗恶心呕吐药物使用情况.结果 D0.1组、D0.2组与S组比较：术后0～24小时内总的PONV的发生率明显降低（P＜0.01）,总需要抗胃肠反应药物治疗的病人比例亦降低（P＜0.05）.D0.1组与D0.2组比较没有统计学差异（P＞0.05）.D0.05组S组比较没有统计学差异（P＞0.05）.D0.1组与D0.05组比较,术后0～24 h内总的PONV的发生率明显降低（P＜0.01）,需要减轻恶心、呕吐药物治疗的病人比例亦降低（P＜0.05）.D0.1组与0组比较：术后0～24 h内PONV发生率降低（P＜0.05）.结论 静脉注射地塞米松0.1 mg.kg-1能有效地预防LC后PONV发生,效果与0.2mg.kg-1相当.静脉注射地塞米松0.05 mg.kg-1不能有效预防LC后PONV.提示0.1 mg.kg-1地塞米松是预防LC后PONV的佳有效剂量.     

Ondansetron versus granisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Effect of ondansetron and granisetron were evaluated in sixty (60) children (age 4-11 years) irrespective of sex, diagnosed case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received high dose methotrexate and did not receive any antiemetic 24 hours prior to HDMTX. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single center study. Of 60 children, 30 received oral ondansetron (4mg) and rest 30 granisetron (1mg) half an hour before therapy. Drugs were randomly allocated with appropriate code. The patients were followed up from day 1 to day 5 of therapy. Episodes of nausea and vomiting were recorded and scorings was done every 24 hours following chemotherapy. No significant difference was found between two groups according to acute emesis (Day-1) (p=0.053). In day two and day three it was significant (p<0.05). In day four it was significant (p=0.002). Early chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) were controlled 90% in children who received granisetron and 70% in children who received ondansetron. Delayed (Day 2-4) CINV were controlled in 80% of children who received granisetron and 43.4% who received ondansetron (p<0.05). Granisetron group required additional doses only 3.3% cases and ondanseton group 30% cases on the second day (p<0.05). Result was significant between two groups. About 36.7% patients had episodes of nausea on day four of chemotherapy in ondansetron group and it was only 3.3% in granisetron group due to adverse effects of antiemetic drug itself (p=0.001). Maximum episodes of vomiting were found on the second day in ondansetron group 33.3% and in granisetron group 3.3% (p=0.003). Though adverse effects like headache, constipation, abdominal pain and loose motion were common in both group of children but their number was much less in children who received granisetron. On second day of therapy score of nausea and vomiting was maximum in ondansetron and minimum in granisetron treated on day 4 and the result was significant. So, to prevent acute and delayed CINV in children with ALL, oral graniseteron can be considered as more effective and well tolerated with minimum adverse effects compared with ondansetrons.     

阿扎司琼预防月经期女性患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐

［摘要］目的　观察阿扎司琼预防月经期女性患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果．方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的月经期女性患者40例,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为对照组和阿扎司琼组,每组20例．2组患者均采用常规的麻醉诱导和维持．手术结束前30 min阿扎司琼组静脉注射阿扎司琼10 mg,对照组予等量生理盐水50 mL．观察术后48 h内2组患者PONV的发生率及严重程度． 结果　对照组和阿扎司琼组患者术后48 h内PONV的总发生率分别为90%和35%,阿扎司琼组48 h PONV总发生率明显降低（P＜0.01）;阿扎司琼组,术后恶心呕吐Ⅳ级的发生率也低于对照组（P＜0.05）．结论　阿扎司琼可以减少月经期女性患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的发生率及降低其严重程度．     

Comparison of palanosetron, granisetron and ondansetron as anti-emetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery

The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of palanosetron (0.25 mg), granisetron (3.0 mg) and ondansetron (8.0 mg) used as anti-emetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea/vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. The study was done among 75 adult patients (age group 30-45 years) of which 50 were males and rest (25) females, all of ASA I and ASA II. The patients were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups: Group I (n = 25) received injection palanosetron (0.25 mg) IV, group II (n = 25) received injection granisetron (3 mg) IV and group III (n = 25) received injection ondansetron (8.0 mg) IV at the end of the surgical procedure. A standard general anaesthesia technique was employed. Emetic episodes and safety assessments were performed during two periods of 0-6 hours in the postanaesthesia care unit and 6-24 hours in the ward after anaesthesia. The incidence of emesis-free patients during the 0-6 hours period was 100% for group I; 72% for group II and 56% for group III. During the 6-24 hours period incidence of emesis-free patients were 96% for group I; 56% for group II and 32% for group III. So to conclude, a single dose of palanosetron (0.25 mg) is a superior anti-emetic to granisetron (3.0 mg) or ondansetron (8.0 mg) in complete prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery during the first 24 hours period.     

异丙酚在妇科腹腔镜手术中预防恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的评价异丙酚预防妇科腹腔镜手术术后恶心呕吐的效果。本研究通过对70例择期腹腔镜下妇科手术患者的观察,了解其对术后恶心呕吐的预防作用。方法70例ASAI~II级择期腹腔镜下妇科手术患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组在麻醉苏醒后静脉注入异丙酚0.4mg/kg,对照组使用生理盐水2ml。观察麻醉苏醒后24h内两组患者恶心呕吐的发生率。结果实验组在麻醉清醒后24h内恶心呕吐发生率(54.3%)明显低于对照组(74.3%),P<0.05。结论亚催眠量的异丙酚用于预防术后恶心呕吐有一定的疗效。     

昂丹司琼对蛛网膜下腔使用吗啡导致的皮肤瘙痒的预防作用

目的:本随机、双盲、对照、前瞻研究的目的旨在了解昂丹司琼对蛛网膜下腔使用吗啡导致的皮肤瘙痒是否具有预防作用。方法选择70例拟在腰麻下行开腹全宫切除术或子宫肌瘤剔除术的ASAI-II级成年患者,分为2组:昂丹司琼组(O组)患者于腰麻前30分钟给予静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg;对照组(C组)患者在相同时间点静脉注射等体积生理盐水。于患者到达恢复室、术后2、4、8及24小时评价患者的皮肤瘙痒程度、静息VAS评分,并在两组之间进行比较,p<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:O组患者术后皮肤瘙痒总发生率及术后8h之内的各记录时间点的皮肤瘙痒程度显著低于C组患者(P<0.01)。严重的,需要药物治疗的皮肤瘙痒只发生于C组患者(11%)。两组患者术后各观察时间点的VAS评分之和无显著差异。结论:给予蛛网膜下腔应用吗啡的患者预先使用昂丹司琼可有效的降低术后皮肤瘙痒的发生率和严重程度,同时并未影响蛛网膜下腔应用吗啡的镇痛效果。     

三种药物对全身麻醉外科手术后恶心呕吐的预防作用

目的 评估和比较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和雷莫司琼对全身麻醉下进行的外科手术后的恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的预防作用.方法 90例被确诊为美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级为Ⅰ和Ⅱ级患者,年龄20 ～ 65岁,预定在全身麻醉下进行外科手术.经患者知情同意,并签署知情同意书后,将全部患者分成3组,每组30例.昂丹司琼组:昂丹司琼0.1 mg/kg,格拉司琼组:格拉司琼40 μg/kg,雷莫司琼组:雷莫司琼0.3 mg,用5 ml生理盐水稀释药物后在麻醉前5 min通过静脉给药.在术后的第1个24 h,记录所发生的恶心、呕吐和干呕等症状情况.如没有发生恶心、呕吐、干呕和使用紧急止吐药则为完全发挥药效,以此评估药物的作用.用单因素方差分析和卡方检验对获得的数据进行观察.结果 术后0～3h期间,所有实验组之间没有明显区别(P＞0.05);在术后3 ～24 h期间,雷莫司琼和昂丹司琼有明显的区别,昂丹司琼组70％的患者无恶心、呕吐和干呕,雷莫司琼组93％的患者无恶心、呕吐和干呕,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).然而,在同样的时期格拉司琼和雷莫司琼之间没有区别(P＞0.05).结论 术后0～3h内,所有的研究药物对预防恶心、呕吐和干呕的作用没有明显的区别.在术后3 ～24 h阶段,格拉司琼和雷莫司琼与昂丹司琼相比能更好的预防PONV.     

帕瑞昔布钠对妇科手术术后芬太尼静脉镇痛的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于妇科手术超前镇痛对术后芬太尼静脉镇痛效果的影响。方法择期妇科手术患者90例,随机分为两组：实验组手术缝皮前和术后12h分别静脉推注帕瑞昔布钠40mg（生理盐水稀释5m1）,对照组静脉推注生理盐水5ml。术毕两组均给予患者自控的静脉镇痛泵术后镇痛（PCIA）,镇痛药配方为芬太尼lnag,稀释至100ml,首次量为5ml,背景流量2ml／h,追加量2m1,锁定时间15min。记录术后24h内镇痛评分（VAs）、镇静评分（Ramsay）、不良反应及术后镇痛满意度。结果实验组患者术后lh、12hVAS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而两组闰Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。实验组术后24h内PCA的按压次数显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,对照组患者在PCA期间各不良反应的发生率高于实验组（P〈0．01）。两组患者术后满意度比较差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论妇科患者使用帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛,可明显减少芬太尼的用量和不良反应的发生率,提高镇痛质量。     

氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼在游离皮瓣移植术后镇痛的应用

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼在游离皮瓣移植术后镇痛的效果。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行游离皮瓣移植术病例60例,随机分成K组(氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼)和F组(芬太尼组),每组30例。K组于手术结束前15 min静脉推注氟比洛芬酯50 mg,F组静脉推注0.9 NaCl溶液4 ml,术后均采用芬太尼自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。记录术后2、6、12和24 h两组VAS评分和Ramsay评分,术后24 h两组PCA按压次数,芬太尼的用量及不良反应。结果:K组术后2、6、12 h VAS评分和Ramsay评分,术后24 h PCA按压次数,芬太尼用量均明显低于F组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼用于游离皮瓣移植术后静脉镇痛效果更好,能减少术后芬太尼用量及不良反应。     

地塞米松预防术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛的部分并发症

目的：观察静脉注射地塞米松（Dex)对减少手术后与硬膜外吗啡镇痛有关的部分并发症的发生率的作用。方法：随机双盲选择48例在硬膜外麻醉下行妇科肿瘤手术病人进行观察。所有病人在手术后均接受硬膜外吗啡镇痛。Dex组病人（n=24)在手术毕静注Dex8mg，对照组病人（n=24)则给予等量生理盐水。结果：在手术后24h内，Dex组病人手术后总的恶性呕吐发生率为16．7％，明显低于对照组病人的50％（P＜0．01）。两组病人手术后皮肤瘙痒的发生率无明显差异，镇痛效果也无明显差异。结论：预防性静脉注射Dex可减少术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的发生率。