单通道经皮肾镜取石术结合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石

目的:探讨单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石的手术效果.方法:单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石96例.结石大小2.9cm×3.4 cm～3.8 cm×5.5 cm,平均3.5 cm×4.2 cm.结果:96例均采用单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石,一期手术平均手术时间为118 min;结石清除率为82.3%(79/96),二期手术平均手术时间为55 min,结石总清除率92.7%(89/96).7例患者残留结石,大小0.3～1.0 cm,其中5例术后1个月接受ES-WL治疗.术后随访7例残留结石患者2～6个月,结石清除5例.结论:单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石具有手术时间短、结石清除率高、创伤小、并发症少、周围脏器损伤风险小等优点,可作为鹿角状肾结石的治疗方法.     

B超引导经皮肾镜联合钬激光诊治肾结石

目的:探讨B超引导下经皮肾镜下钬激光取石术诊治肾结石的疗效:方法:2010年6月～2011年6月,采用经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石取石术1期诊疗复杂性肾结石60例。结果:手术时间平均85 mi n,Ⅰ期结石清除率91.5%,术后有一例出现大出血,保守治疗后止血。结论:经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术诊治肾结石安全、高效、容易操作,结石清除率高,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合钬激光碎石治疗复杂性上尿路结石

目的 探讨经皮肾镜气压弹道联合钬激光碎石对复杂性上尿路结石的治疗效果.方法 对218例复杂性上尿路结石患者采用经皮肾镜气压弹道联合钬激光碎石治疗的疗效结果进行回顾性分析.结果 218例患者均一次性穿刺成功建立碎石通道,其中162例采用气压弹道联合钬激光碎石,34例单独采用钬激光碎石,22例单独采用气压弹道碎石;182例患者I期手术结石清除干净(结石清除率83.5％),24例有小直径结石残余,12例择期行mPCNL二期手术;术中术后均未出现明显的并发症.结论 经皮肾镜下钬激光联合气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂上尿路结石,具有安全性好、结石清除率高、并发症少等优点.     

标准通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石与联合钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效比较

目的:比较标准通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石及气压弹道联合钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法:回顾性分析本院2019年3月至2020年3月采用标准通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石与标准通道下经皮肾镜气压弹道联合钬激光碎石术治疗的170例复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料,按照手术碎石方式不同,随机分为对照组(78例)、观察组(92例)...     

小切口辅助经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的评价小切口辅助经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2009年7月采用小切口辅助经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石患者57例的资料。结果手术时间2.0~3.0h,平均2.5h。术中出血50~300ml,平均170ml,术后结石总取净率91.2%,一期结石完全清除率56.1%,肾盂梗阻解除率100%。术中、术后无严重并发症。结论小切口辅助经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石具有安全、有效、微创的优点。     

标准通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术联合微通道技术治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效观察

目的评价标准通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术联合微通道技术治疗复杂性肾结石的安全性和临床疗效。方法采用标准通道联合微通道(F22+F16)经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石治疗的复杂性肾结石病人90例,对手术时间、术中出血量、一期结石清除率和手术并发症等指标进行分析。结果 90例病人中共81例病人行一期标准通道联合微通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石,术中出血量为(94. 71±20. 58) ml,一期总体清石率达为91. 11%,出现术后并发症9例,对症处理后均治愈(仅1例迟发性出血行介入栓塞治疗)。结论标准通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术联合微通道技术治疗复杂性肾结石净石率高、并发症低,治疗复杂性肾结石可行,安全有效。     

经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石联合钬激光内切开治疗肾输尿管上段结石伴狭窄

目的:探讨经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石联合钬激光内切开治疗肾输尿管上段结石伴狭窄的安全性及疗效。方法:对31例患者采用标准通道经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石联合钬激光内切开治疗。31例患者为医源性输尿管上段狭窄伴结石23例,先天性肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄伴结石8例;并发输尿管上段结石11例,肾结石20例。结果:31例无一例中转开放,平均手术时间(62.6±8.6)min,恢复进食时间(32±6)h,下床活动时间(3.2±1.2)d。合并输尿管结石患者均予结石取净,肾结石患者2例下盏残留8mm结石,结石取净率为93.5%(29/31)。术后并发症4例,并发症发生率12.9%,术后并发出血1例,予超选择肾动脉栓塞止血治愈,感染2例,予敏感抗菌素控制,双J管移位1例,予输尿管下调整位置。术后3～6个月复查,肾积水改善总有效率87.1%(27/31),4例肾积水无明显变化。随访6～36个月,2例出现腰部酸胀、积水加重症状,予逆行输尿管镜下钬激光内切开+球囊扩张后好转,1例反复感染肾积水加重予肾切除。结论:经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石联合钬激光内切开治疗肾输尿管上段结石伴狭窄结石清除率高、创伤小、手术安全有效。     

经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石加超声碎石取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的探讨经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石加超声碎石取石术处理复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法2004年10月至2005年3月,采用经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石取石术I期治疗复杂性肾结石28例34侧。结果手术时间平均80 min,结石处理时间60 min,结石清除率91.1%;4例多发性结石或铸形结石患者远处肾盏内有直径小于1 cm残留小结石,辅助施行体外冲击波碎石治疗。所有病例随访1~3个月,均无严重手术并发症。结论经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石加超声碎石取石术治疗较大的复杂性肾结石安全、高效、容易操作,且结石清除率高,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石疗效观察

目的：评价经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术处理复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法：自2003年9月～2004年4月采用经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术Ⅰ期治疗肾结石38例42侧。结果：平均手术时间85min，结石处理时间62min，结石清除率88．1％；5例多发性结石或铸形结石患者经皮通道小角度的肾盏内有直径小于1cm结石残留，辅助施行体外冲击波碎石治疗。随访1～3个月，无严重手术并发症。结论：经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术处理大的复杂性肾结石具有高效、安全的特点，结石清除率高，值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石效果观察

目的探讨经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法将2014-12—2016-10间收治的120例肾结石患者随机分为2组,各60例。对照组行经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术,观察组行经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术。比较2组治疗效果。结果 2组结石的总取净率、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的手术时间小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术与经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石均有良好效果,但经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术时间较短。     

Percutaneous nephroscopic with holmium laser and ultrasound lithotripsy for complicated renal calculi

The aim of this work is to validate the clinical efficacy of the high-power holmium:YAG laser with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in combination with ultrasound lithotripsy for complicated renal calculi. From November 2006 to December 2007, 60 patients with complicated renal calculi were treated with PCNL, where an F24 standard renal access tract was established by percutaneous renal puncture under the guidance of B-mode ultrasound, and stones were fragmented and cleared by high-power holmium laser in combination with ultrasound under an F20.8 nephroscope. Of the 60 patients with complicated renal calculi, 20 were complete staghorn calculi and 30 were partial staghorn calculi, of which six patients were accompanied with renal insufficiency; two were solitary calculi, and eight were caliceal diverticular calculi. Calculi were removed by one attempt in 49 patients and by two attempts in 11 patients; through one tract in 50 patients and through two and three tracts in ten patients. The stone-free rate was 81.7%. No injury to the pleura and abdominal organs occurred during the intraoperative puncture. No postoperative blood transfusion was needed in any patient, nor did fever and secondary hemorrhage occur. The mean operation duration was 98 min (range, 60–150 min), and the mean lithotripsy time was 45 min (range, 30–85 min). Additional postoperative extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed on six patients. High-power holmium laser PCNL in combination with ultrasound lithotripsy is safe, effective, and minimally invasive, with a high stone-free rate, especially for complicated renal calculi.     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗经皮肾镜取石术后残留结石

目的探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光治疗经皮。肾镜取石术后残留结石的疗效。方法收集经皮肾镜取石术后残留结石患者43例,残石直径6—30mm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘置入Wolf输尿管软镜（6／8．8F,上下弯180／270°）抵达肾盂,以200μm光纤,〈30W钬激光粉碎残留结石,较大碎石用取石篮取出。结果43例患者均找到残余结石,结石寻及率100％（43／43）,42例患者成功粉碎结石,碎石成功率97．7％（42／43）。8例联合经皮肾镜碎石取石,无严重并发症发生。结论输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗经皮肾镜取石术后残留结石安全、有效。     

Treatment for residual stones using flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy after the management of complex calculi with single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy

This study validated the effectiveness and safety of the treatment for residual stones using flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) and holmium laser (0.6–1.2 J, 20–30 Hz) lithotripsy via a fiber with a 200-μm core diameter and 0.22 numerical aperture (NA) after the management of complex calculi with single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Between January 2014 and June 2016, 27 consecutive patients with complex calculi underwent fURS and holmium laser lithotripsy after a planned single-tract PCNL. Among the 27 patients with complex calculi, 9 had full staghorn calculi, 7 had partial staghorn calculi, and 11 had multiple calculi. After the first single-tract PCNL session, the mean stone size and mean stone surface area were 18.0?±?10.7 mm and 181.9?±?172.2 mm², respectively. Treatment for residual stones with fURS and holmium laser lithotripsy was successfully completed and was performed without intraoperative complications. The mean operative time of the fURS procedure was 69.1?±?23.6 min, and the mean hospital stay was 5.3?±?2.4 days. The mean decrease in the hemoglobin level was 7.3?±?6.5 g/l. After the fURS procedure, the overall stone-free rate was 88.9%. The overall postoperative complication rate was 14.8% (Clavien grade I 11.1%; Clavien grade II 3.7%). The current approach tested here combines the advantages of both PCNL and fURS and effectively manages complex calculi with a high stone-free rate (SFR) (88.9%). This approach also reduced the number of treatment sessions, the number of percutaneous access tracts, and the blood loss and potential morbidity associated with multiple tracts.     

小功率钬激光经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术联合冲击波碎石治疗复杂性肾结石

目的探讨小功率钬激光经皮。肾输尿管镜碎石术联合体外冲击波碎石治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法应用小功率（20W：0．6～0．8J×10-20Hz）钬激光经皮肾穿刺微造瘘输尿管镜配合体外冲击波治疗复杂性肾结石31例,分析小功率钬激光碎石术联合体外冲击波碎石的碎石时间、结石排净率、并发症等。结果平均碎石时间为85min（60—120min）,总的取净率为87．09％（27／31）;术中出血量估计平均为80ml．术后3例患者出现高热,无其他严重并发症。结论小功率钬激光经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术联合体外冲击波碎石治疗复杂性肾结石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜术残留肾结石12例报告

目的:评估输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)残留肾结石的效果。方法:利用输尿管软镜治疗PCNL残留肾结石12例,男8例,女4例;平均年龄42.6岁。左侧5例,右侧3例。KUB测量结石直径为0.7~2.6cm,平均1.4cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入输尿管软镜抵达肾盂,寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。观察其手术时间、结石清除率、并发症等疗效指标。结果:本组12例均顺利完成输尿管软镜碎石,手术时间68~116min,平均92min;结石清除率为83.3%(10/12)。1例结石残留患者另作穿刺通道行二期PCNL后结石完全清除;1例术后行ESWL仍有少量结石残留,随访观察。均无严重出血及输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论:输尿管软镜取石术治疗PCNL后残留肾石安全、有效。     

输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石:附205例报告

目的 探讨输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析205例输尿管上段结石患者行输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石治疗的临床资料,其中男91例,女114例,结石位于单侧188例,双侧17例,炎性息肉引起输尿管腔明显狭窄者12例.结石长径0.8～1.4 cm.结果 192例一次性碎石成功,单次碎石成功率为93.7%(192/205).9例有较大结石碎片(4～6 mm)残留于肾或输尿管内,4例在碎石过程中结石冲入肾内,其中1例较大结石(1.4 cm)移位至肾盂后改行PCNL,其余3例留置双J管改行ESWL,均治愈.19例合并炎性息肉同期行激光烧灼.手术时间15~90min,平均30 min.住院时间2~9 d,平均3.5 d.198例患者在门诊获得随访,随访时间3～24个月,平均6个月,结石均排尽.结论 输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的一种比较理想的腔内碎石技术,其碎石成功率高,并发症发生率低,创伤小,患者术后恢复快,而且可同期处理结石合并炎性息肉和狭窄.     

Single upper-pole percutaneous access for treatment of > or = 5-cm complex branched staghorn calculi: is shockwave lithotripsy necessary?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi is reported to have a residual stone rate of 28%, while shockwave lithotripsy alone results in residual stones in approximately 50% of cases. Combination therapy, sandwich therapy, and multiple percutaneous accesses have also been advocated for staghorn stones. We believe these stones can often be removed with a staged procedure via a single upper-pole percutaneous access using flexible nephroscopy and the holmium:YAG laser. Our experience is reviewed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The hospital records of patients having a cumulative stone burden > or =5 cm who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) for a single complex staghorn calculus were reviewed. There were 15 male and 34 female patients having 45 complete and 7 partial staghorn calculi constituting a mean stone burden of 6.7 cm (range 5.0-10.0 cm). A calix was punctured that would provide access to the majority of the involved calices. Thirty-five renal units were approached through a single upper-pole percutaneous access, and four and six renal units were accessed through single middle or lower-pole calices, respectively. The remaining seven renal units were treated with multiple percutaneous accesses. RESULTS: In the renal units having only a single access, a mean of 1.6 (range 1-3) procedures were required to achieve stone-free status. The mean operating room time was 2.9 hours (range 2.0-3.5 hours). For the second PCNL, the mean operating room time was 63 minutes (range 30-90 minutes). Two patients (two renal units) had residual stones <1 cm in diameter. One refused additional surgery, and the other is awaiting further treatment. The mean estimated blood loss was 238 mL (range 50-800 mL), with only one procedure (2.2%) necessitating a blood transfusion. One (2.8%) hydrothorax developed among the 35 upper-pole puncture cases. Six patients had transient oral temperature readings >101 degrees F with negative blood cultures. Other early complications included single cases of leg cellulitis, atrial fibrillation, and noncardiac chest pain. There were no delayed surgical complications. Patients were discharged from the hospital a mean 2 days (range 1-10 days) after the first PCNL. CONCLUSION: Use of flexible nephroscopy with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy and Nitinol basket stone extraction has allowed us to render staghorn-containing renal units stone free in a mean of 1.6 procedures. Of the 45 renal units treated through a single percutaneous access, 43 (95%) were rendered stone free. The holmium:YAG laser appears to be a safe lithotrite for the kidney, as no complications occurred from its use.     

钬激光治疗泌尿系结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性。方法采用输尿管镜钬激光技术治疗168例输尿管结石,其中输尿管上段结石27例,中段结石33例,下段结石108例;经尿道膀胱镜钬激光技术治疗膀胱结石12例。术后4～6周复查计算各自结石排净率(排净例数／例数)。结果输尿管上、中、下段结石的排净率分别为93％(25／27)、94％(31／33)、94％(102／108),并发症为5％(8／168);而膀胱结石的排净率为100％,无并发症。结论输尿管镜钬激光是治疗输尿管结石的有效、安全方法。     

经皮肾造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石35例报告

目的探讨经皮肾造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结行的疗效。方法采用经皮肾造瘘大功率（40～60W）钬激光碎石术治疗35例复杂性肾结石。伴肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄（UPJO）的5例同时行钬激光内切开。结果35例手术均成功,平均碎石时间65min。29例（82．9％）单次碎石后排净结仃,残余结石6例,经ESWL1～3次治疗后结石排净。34例随诊半年,无结石残留或复发。UPJO者尿流通畅,无再狭窄发生。结论经皮肾造瘘大功率钬激光碎石术具有创伤小,碎石快,安全可靠等优点,术后残石可经ESWL后排出,是治疗复杂性肾结石的有效方法。     

电子输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗一期单通道经皮肾镜术后残石的安全性及疗效

目的总结电子输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗一期单通道经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）术后残石的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2010年5月至2012年12月期间,使用电子软性输尿管镜钬激光碎石术处理一期单通道经皮肾镜取石术后残石41例,男22例,女19例,平均年龄（44±12）岁。术前结石均为复杂性鹿角形肾结石,术后残石3例位于上盏,6例结石位于中盏,7例位于下盏,25例为多个肾盏残石,单枚结石9例,结石直径15～25mm;其余均为多枚结石,结石直径4-25mm。再次手术时间为PCNL术后1-4周,软性输尿管镜碎石前,造瘘管已拔除23例,仍保留肾造瘘管18例。结果41例患者均顺利地置入电子输尿管软镜,平均手术时间（83±31）min,术后平均住院时间（3-1）d。均无肾盂输尿管严重损伤、大出血、急性肾功能不全、感染性休克等并发症。术后3个月复查超声或CT提示,有意义结石残留（≥4mm）5例：2例为下盏残石,3例为多盏残石。中上盏碎石成功率100％（9／9）,下盏为85．7％（6／7）,多盏为84．0％（21／25）。保留肾造瘘管及拔除肾造瘘管患者再次手术时间、术后住院时间、结石清除率及术后发热均无显著性差异。结论在一期单通道PCNL减轻肾结石负荷的情况下,电子输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石能有效清除残余结石,并发症少,可选择性地作为单通道一期PCNL术后残留结石的治疗。