IL-1β和TNF-α基因多态性与慢性牙周炎的相关性分析

目的探讨细胞因子基因多态性与中、重度慢性牙周炎遗传易感性的关系。方法采用PCR-RFLP方法检测IL-1B 3953和TNF-Α-308基因型。采用多变量Logistic回归模型,确定IL-1B 3953和TNF-Α-308等位基因2阳性基因型对中、重度慢性牙周炎的影响。结果中、重度慢性牙周炎组IL-1B 3953(28.23%)和TNF-Α-308(29.03%)等位基因2阳性基因型出现的频率和对照组(分别为13.95%和11.05%)相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。多变量Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,携带等位基因2阳性基因型的个体较携带阴性型个体发生中、重度慢性牙周炎的危险性相对较大,且统计学有显著意义(IL-1B 3953和TNF-Α-308分别为P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论IL-1B 3953和TNF-Α-308等位基因2阳性基因型可能与中、重度慢性牙周炎易感性有关。     

Interleukin-1β+3953 allele 2: association with disease status in adult periodontitis

Abstract. Adult periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease whose etiology is not well defined. The pro-inflammatory and bone resorptive properties of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) strongly suggest a role for this cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In the study reported here, the frequency of IL-1β⁺³⁹⁵³ genotypes including allele 2 of the IL-1β⁺³⁹⁵³ restriction fragment length bi-allelic polymorphism was significantly increased in patients with advanced adult periodontitis compared to those with early and moderate disease. Furthermore, allele 2 was associated with increased production of IL-1β by activated peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells of patients with advanced disease, although this increase failed to reach statistical significance. Finally, the data obtained revealed significant linkage disequilibrium between allele 2 of the IL-1β⁺³⁹⁵³ polymorphism and allele 2 of the bi-allelic IL-1α⁻⁸⁸⁹ polymorphism in both patients and orally healthy controls. These findings provide new insight into the possible role of IL-1α and β gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to adult periodontitis.     

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNF-alpha) -1031/-863, -857 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with severe adult periodontitis in Japanese

OBJECTIVES: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) participate in the establishment of inflammatory lesions in periodontitis. High production of these cytokines may relate to the severity of periodontitis. There have already been several studies examining the association between periodontitis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect cytokine productivity. Recently, new SNPs of TNF-alpha, -1031, -863 and -857, variants of which are observed in a relatively large proportion in Japanese, have been identified. The variant alleles of these SNPs have been suggested to be related to high TNF-alpha production. For a better understanding of the genetic factors associated with the severity of periodontitis, further analysis including these newly identified SNPs is essential. In addition, previous reports on TNF-alpha or IL-1beta SNPs associated with periodontitis were mainly for Caucasian populations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the association between severe periodontitis in Japanese and the following SNPs: five in the TNF-alpha gene promoter (-1031, -863, -857, -308, -238) and three in the IL-1beta gene (-511, -31, +3953). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 128 Japanese individuals were enrolled in this study. They were 64 patients with severe adult periodontitis and 64 healthy subjects. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for all subjects. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production from LPS-stimulated monocytes/macrophages was also measured for 15 healthy male subjects. RESULTS: TNF-alpha production in TNF-alpha-1031/-863 (linkage disequilibrated) or -857 SNP variant allele carriers tended to be elevated, and the frequency of subjects who carried at least one variant allele in TNF-alpha-1031, -863 or -857 SNPs among severe periodontitis patients was significantly higher than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Since the frequency of subjects who carried at least one variant allele in TNF-alpha-1031, -863 or -857 SNPs was higher in periodontitis patients than in healthy subjects, TNF-alpha-1031, -863 and -857 SNPs appear to be associated with severe adult periodontitis in Japanese populations.     

Wolinella recfa in adult gingivitis and periodontitis

Wolinella recta has been associated with adult periodontitis, but its role in the disease remains uncertain. This report clarifies the distribution of W. recta in periodontally healthy and diseased subjects, and treated patients with recurrent disease. A specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum against W. recta strain 372 was used for indirect immunofluorescence localization of W. recta in dental plaque from untreated and treated patients. Supragingival plaque was collected from 15 periodontally healthy individuals (H), 10 adults with mild gingivitis (G1), 8 with severe gingivitis (G2) and 15 with periodontitis (AP). Subgingival samples from 23 diseased sites (G2 and AP) were examined as well. There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) between the proportions of W. recta in subgingival (4.4%) vs. supragingival (0.3%) plaque samples from AP. A significant difference (p = 0.000) in W. recta proportions was also detected between subgingival plaque samples of AP (4.4%) vs. G2 (1.2%). No significant difference in the mean % of W. recta was found between supragingival plaque of AP (0.3%) and G2 (0%), and samples of G1 (0.01%) and H (0.1%). In a separate study, 85 adults previously treated for moderate to severe adult periodontitis were monitored over a 12-month period for evidence of disease recurrence. Recurrent disease was detected at 32 sites in 18 subjects. Of these, 20 sites in 13 subjects were positive for W. recta. With subjects as the experimental unit, a significant increase in the proportions of W. recta was found at sites with recurrent disease (3.12%) as compared to stable, paired control sites (0.24%), but only when sites with breakdown and positive for W. recta were compared with their controls. These results indicate that W. recta is associated with some, but not all sites with advanced adult periodontitis. The association of W. recta with gingivitis was not statistically significant.     

白细胞介素1基因多态性与四川地区慢性牙周炎相关关系的研究

目的检测II-I基因型在不同牙周健康状态汉族人群中的分布,分析III 1等位基因与慢性牙周炎的相关关系。方法选取汉族慢性牙周炎患者182例,检查全口临床牙周附着丧失量,牙周袋深度;同时选取牙周健康对照者89例。棉拭子刮取颊勃膜脱落细胞,用PCR-RFLI,法和PCR法检测II- 1+3953,IIr1A-889,IIr1B-511和IL- 1RN (intron2) VNTR基因型分布。结果重度慢性牙周炎患者组II, 1A-889, IL, l B十3953和ILIlB-511等位基因II以及II- I A-889和II- 1 B-511复合等位基因II , III I B + 3953和IL I B-511复合等位基因H基因频率均显著高于健康对照组 ( P < 0.05) ,II,1RN(intron2) VNTR等位基因的基因型和等位基因频率在各组间的分布无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结论III 1基因多态性与慢性牙周炎有相关关系,ILII B + 3953,II-IA-889和ILIIB-511等位基因B以及II-IA-889和 II-1B-511复合等位基因II, IIII B + 3953和ILIlB-511复合等位基因II可能是部分慢性牙周炎患者易感性的遗传标志。同时提示II- I基因型在不同地域、不同人种中的分布是不相同的。     

广泛型侵袭性牙周炎多种等位基因的筛查与分析

目的 通过比较多种等位基因在广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者和健康对照组中的携带频率,明确广泛型侵袭性牙周炎的易感等位基因,并分析不同数目易感等位基因的携带对广泛型侵袭性牙周炎发生、发展的影响. 方法 采用聚合酶链反应和酶切相结合的方法检测33例广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者和33名健康对照者5种基因型不同等位基因的携带频率,应用Z检验和方差分析对检测结果进行分析. 结果 HLA-DRB1*1501等位基因纯合子,TNF-A-308等位基因Ⅱ,IL-1B+3953等位基因Ⅱ,维生素D受体等位基因A、T,雌激素受体等位基因X在广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者中的携带频率显著高于健康对照组;携带3种以上(含3种)易感等位基因的个体其牙周探诊深度[(4.67±1.09)mm]、临床附着丧失[(4.81±1.36)mm]、松动度(0.81±0.56)较携带3种以下(不含3种)易感等位基因者[分别为(3.46±0.62)mm、(3.57±1.45)mm、(0.51±0.36)]重. 结论 HLA-DRB1*501等位基因纯合子,TNF-A-308等位基因Ⅱ,IL-1B+3953等位基因Ⅱ,维生素D受体等位基因A、T,雌激素受体等位基因X是广泛型侵袭性牙周炎的易感等位基因,多种(3种以上)易感等位基因的携带对广泛型侵袭性牙周炎的发展有重要影响.     

Genetic polymorphisms of the IL-1alpha and IL-1beta genes in African-American LJP patients and an African-American control population

BACKGROUND: A functional polymorphism of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) gene has been proposed to be a risk factor for periodontitis. In adult forms of periodontitis, non-smokers of northern European heritage carrying the "2" allele of the IL-1alpha-889 and the IL-1beta +3953 RFLPs in either the heterozygous or the homozygous state at both loci were observed to have a greater risk for developing severe periodontitis. Studies of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) found that allele "1" of both IL-1alpha-889 and IL-1beta +3953 was transmitted more frequently with the EOP phenotype. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the IL-1alpha and IL-1beta genotype polymorphisms in an African-American (AA) control population and in 37 African-Americans with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). METHODS: The IL-1alpha +4845 and IL-1beta +3953 loci were genotyped by PCR amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. The IL-1alpha +4845 locus, in linkage disequilibrium (>99%) with IL-1alpha-889, was genotyped because it is technically easier. Data were analyzed using r x c contingency tables. RESULTS: The IL-1beta +3953 allele "1" was carried by >99% of the AA control population and by 100% of the AA LJP group, with most individuals being homozygous 1,1. The prevalence of the composite genotype with at least one allele "2" at each of the IL-1beta +3953 and IL-1alpha +4845 loci was 14% (AA control group) and 8% (AA LJP group). CONCLUSIONS: Given the high frequency of the IL-1beta allele "1" in the African-American population, it would appear that knowledge of this +3953 polymorphism would provide little diagnostic or predictive information for LJP.     

Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis: interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to determine the association of interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms with clinical parameters of gingivitis in a large experimental gingivitis trial and with each of two subgroups, high responders (HR) and low responders (LR), with distinct susceptibility to gingivitis. METHODS: Ninety-six systemically and periodontally healthy non-smokers, 46 males (mean age: 23.9+/-1.7) and 50 females (mean age: 23.3+/-1.6) were included in a randomized, split-mouth, localized 21-day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), and angulated bleeding score (AngBS) were recorded. Two subgroups were defined from the total study population (HR, LR) characterized by substantially different severity of gingival inflammation despite similar plaque accumulation rate. The study population was typed for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1A+4845), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B+3953, IL-1B-511), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN, intron 2 variable number tandem repeats) gene polymorphisms. Gene variants were analyzed by amplifying the polymorphic region using polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction-enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Neither IL-1A+4845, IL-1B+3953, or the combined (IL-1A+4845 x 2 - IL-1B+3953 x 2) genotype was associated with clinical parameters in the overall population. IL-1RN was significantly associated with test quadrant PI (P= 0.046), GCF (P= 0.05), and GI (P= 0.018). The genotype distribution in HR and LR subjects was significantly different for IL-1RN (P= 0.045) and for IL-1B-511 (P= 0.023). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest an association between IL-1RN polymorphism and subject-based clinical behavior of the gingiva in response to de novo plaque accumulation, as well as a possible association between IL-1B-511 polymorphism and gingivitis susceptibility.     

IL-1基因多态性与牙周炎关系的研究

目的:研究中国汉族人IL-1 基因多态性与牙周炎易感性的关系。方法:收集30 例重度成人牙周炎(AP) 患者、20 例快速进展型牙周炎(RPP) 患者和94 例健康对照者的颊粘膜拭子,抽提DNA ,PCR-RELP 方法检测IL-1 基因簇基因多态性,比较三组患者各等位基因检出率的差异。结果:AP 组和RPP 组IL-1B + 3953PTaqI 等位基因Ⅱ的检出率均显著高于对照组(APP对照组OR = 618 ,RPPP对照组OR = 916 , P < 0105) ,AP 组IL-1RN 内含子2PVNTR 等位基因Ⅱ的检出率也显著高于对照组( OR = 613 , P < 0105) 。IL-1A-889PNcoI 等位基因在三组间的分布无显著性差异( P > 0105) 。结论:中国汉族人中携带IL-1B + 3953PTaqI 等位基因Ⅱ和IL-1RN 内含子2PVNTR 等位基因Ⅱ可能是牙周炎的遗传易感因素;AP 和RPP 存在遗传异质性。     

颊黏膜细胞IL-1β表达及IL-1β+3953基因多态性与慢性牙周炎的关系

目的:探讨颊黏膜细胞IL-1β表达和IL-1β 3953基因型与慢性牙周炎的关系。方法:采集36例不同程度牙周炎患者和36例牙周健康者的颊黏膜细胞和静脉血样本,同时记录牙周状态;对颊黏膜细胞IL-1β的表达进行免疫组化检测;静脉血提取DNA,用PCR-RFLP方法检测IL-1β 3953基因多型性;比较颊黏膜细胞IL-1β的表达差异及IL-1β 3953基因型分布差异,将牙周状态及IL-1β 3953基因型与颊黏膜细胞IL-1β表达进行多元线性回归分析。结果:IL-1β 3953等位基因II型在重症牙周炎患者中的携带率(12%)显著高于健康对照组(0%)(P<0.05),牙周炎患者颊黏膜细胞IL-1β表达程度亦显著高于牙周健康者(χ2=365.095,P<0.001);牙周附着丧失和牙周探诊深度与IL-1β表达呈正相关(CAL,P<0.05;PD,P<0.01),未发现菌斑指数、探诊出血指数及IL-1β 3953基因型与IL-1β表达的相关关系。结论:颊黏膜细胞IL-1β表达程度反映了牙周炎的严重程度,IL-1β 3953基因型没有使颊黏膜细胞IL-1β表达发生明显变化。     

The CD14 -159C-to-T promoter polymorphism in periodontal disease

BACKGROUND: A single-nucleotide promoter polymorphism in the CD14 gene was associated with various inflammatory conditions. The present study sought to determine the frequency of the CD14 -159C-to-T polymorphism among subjects with periodontitis and healthy control individuals. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with periodontal disease and 75 healthy controls were genotyped for the CD14 -159C-to-T polymorphism. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The allele frequencies and distribution of genotypes within both study groups were compared using Fisher's exact test at a level of significance of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Overall, the frequency for the CD14 -159T allele in patients with periodontitis was 39.3% (55/140) and 48.0% (72/150) for the controls (p=0.135). The CD14 -159C allele was significantly more prevalent (p=0.013) among females with periodontitis (33.3%; 24/72) as compared with healthy control subjects (55.6%; 30/54). In contrast, the distribution of the CD14 -159C-to-T polymorphism showed no significant difference among males with and without periodontitis (p=0.816). CONCLUSION: Herein, the C -159T promoter polymorphism of the CD14 gene was associated in female but not in male patients with periodontal disease.     

After-effects of stress on crevicular interleukin-1beta

BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we found stress to increase crevicular interleukin-1beta (Il-1beta) secretion induced by supragingival plaque. While in that study, stress and plaque were presented concomitantly, we now wondered whether a consecutive presentation of these 2 factors would still exert stress effects. METHOD: 39 medical students participated in the study; 18 took part in a major exam while the remaining 21 served as controls. From the day after the last exam, students neglected oral hygiene in 2 antagonistic quadrants for 21 days (experimental gingivitis), while they maintained perfect hygiene at the remaining sites. Crevicular fluid samples were taken at days 0, 5, 8, 15, 18, and 21 of experimental gingivitis. RESULTS: A significant effect of pre-exposure to academic stress on crevicular Il-1beta concentration was found (area under the curve: p=0.042), the effect size, however, being smaller than in our previous study when stress and plaque were presented concomitantly. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that pre-exposure to stress may persistently alter the immunological effects of microbial challenge to the periodontium.     

白细胞介素-1和肿瘤坏死因子-α基因多态性与宁夏地区回族人群慢性牙周炎易感性相关关系的研究

目的 探讨宁夏地区回族人群中白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)基因多态性与慢性牙周炎的关系.方法 选取96例宁夏地区回族慢性牙周炎患者和104例回族健康对照者,抽取外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片...     

Do interleukin‐1 polymorphisms predict the development of jreiodontitis or the success of dental implants?

Factors which increase the risk of severe adult periodontitis (AP) may also contribute to the success of dental implants. To determine which cytokines may be relevant, levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA were quantitated in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. Periodontitis significantly increased levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IFN-gamma mRNA relative to healthy tissues. IL-1 was selected for further study, as it has inflammatory and bone resorbing properties. We examined IL-1A(-889) and IL-1B(+3953) alleles in Caucasian patients with AP and early-onset periodontitis (EOP), patients with dental implants and healthy individuals. The IL-1B(+3953) polymorphism was associated with AP. This was evident from an increased homozygosity for allele 2 in patients with AP and a decreased heterozygosity in advanced AP patients. IL-1A(-889) and a composite genotype [IL-1A(-889)2 plus IL-1B(+3953)2] showed no association with the incidence of periodontitis, disease onset or disease severity. IL-1A(-889), IL-1B(+3953) and the composite genotype also showed no association with failure of dental implants.     

Relationship between C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links (ICTP) and putative periodontal pathogens in periodontitis

Abstract. Crevicular fluid pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (ICTP) is predictive for future alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in dogs. The present study sought to relate ICTP to a panel of subgingival species in subjects exhibiting various clinical presentations such as health ( n = 7), gingivitis ( n = 8) and periodontitis (n=21), 28 subgingival plaque and GCF samples were taken from mesiobuccal sites m each of 36 subjects. The presence and levels of 40 subgtngivai taxa were determined in plaque samples using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. GCF ICTP levels were quantified using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Clinical assessments made at the same sites included: BOP, gingival redness, plaque, pocket depth, and attachment level. Differences among ICTP levels in the 3 subject groups were sought using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Relationships between ICTP levels and clinical parameters as well as subgingival species were determined by regression analysis. The results demonstrated significant differences among disease categories for GCF ICTP levels for healthy (1.1+0.6 pg/site (mean±SEM)) gingivitis (14.8±6.6 pg/site) and penodontitts subjects (30.3 + 5.7 pg/site) ( p = 0.0017). ICTP levels related modestly to several clinical parameters. Regression analysis indicated that ICTP levels correlated strongly with mean subject levels of several periodontal pathogens including B. forsythus, P. gingivitis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens and T. dentcola ( p < 0.01). The data indicate that there is a positive relationship between the putative bone resorptive marker ICTP and periodontal pathogens.     

Serum IgG antibodies reactive with lipoteichoic acid in adult patients with periodontitis

IgG antibody levels to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), prepared from Streptococcus mutans cells, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from 149 subjects. An extract from Bacteroides gingivalis and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 055:B5 served as control antigens. The reference group comprised 28 systemically and periodontally healthy adults. The main test groups were: 52 persons with gingivitis only, and 69 patients with periodontitis. Within those groups, 37 patients had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, another 20 patients were prospective or renal transplant recipients. The periodontitis patient group showed significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mean antibody value and higher frequency of extreme antibody responses to both LTA and B. gingivalis than the gingivitis group. LPS did not discriminate between the groups. Multiple regression analysis with gingivitis scores as the dependent variable selected plaque scores, anti-LTA antibody values and general health status as significant (p less than 0.05) regressors. The variance in radiographical alveolar bone loss was significantly (p less than 0.05) explained by age and by antibody values to B. gingivalis and to LTA. The patients with extreme immunological responsiveness to LTA or to B. gingivalis had about twice as much alveolar bone loss as those with normal serological reactivity. The results support the contention that LTA modulates the progression of periodontitis in humans.     

Association of interleukin-1 polymorphisms with periodontal disease

BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated genetic polymorphisms for cytokines as potential genetic markers for periodontitis. Some studies have found that interleukin (IL)-1A and IL-1B polymorphisms are associated with a higher severity of periodontitis, while others found no association. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3954 (previously described as +3953) polymorphisms in Chileans and their association with periodontitis. METHODS: Subjects aged 20 to 48 were selected from people requesting dental treatment at a public health center in Santiago, Chile. A case-control study of 330 cases of periodontitis patients and 101 healthy controls was performed. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed on each subject and a structured questionnaire was conducted to determine smoking habits. Cases were categorized as having initial, moderate, or severe periodontitis according to the percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss > or =3 mm. Genomic DNA was analyzed for polymorphism in the IL-1A gene at site -889 and IL-1B gene at site +3954 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed by chi square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of subjects were similar in cases and in controls. A higher frequency of heterozygous of the IL-1A-889 was found in cases than in controls, but the difference was not significant. The heterozygous of the IL-1B+3954 was significantly higher in cases than in controls and was associated with periodontitis (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.59 to 6.09, P = 0.001). The homozygous for allele 1 of the IL-1B+3954 was a protective factor for periodontitis (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.66, P = 0.001). The prevalence of positive genotype (at least one allele 2 present at each locus) was significantly higher in cases (26.06%) than in controls (9.9%) and was significantly associated with periodontitis (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.60 to 6.44, P = 0.001), irrespective of the smoking status and periodontitis severity. Sensitivity of positive genotype was 26%, the specificity 90%, and the positive predictive value 89%. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, the results show that individuals carrying the positive genotype have significantly greater risk for developing periodontitis.     

Association of uncultivated oral phylotypes AU126 and X112 with periodontitis

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relationship between uncultivated pathogenic bacteria and periodontitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for phylotypes AU126 and X112; PCRs were applied to determine the prevalence of these phylotypes in 35 patients with chronic periodontitis, 26 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis and 20 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The specificity of each primer is validated on the basis of the results from sequence analysis of PCR products. AU126 and X112 were detected in the subgingival plaque samples in all the three groups. The prevalence of AU126 in subgingival plaque in chronic periodontitis (77.1%) and plaque-induced gingivitis (61.5%) is relatively higher than that in the healthy subjects (10.0%), and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of X112 in subgingival plaque in periodontitis patients (85.7%) is higher than that in healthy subjects (30.0%), the difference (P < 0.01) being equally statistically significant. The difference between the chronic periodontitis group and the plaque-induced gingivitis group (50.0%) is statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It might be assumed that the novel uncultivated AU126 phylotype could possibly be related to chronic periodontitis and plaque-induced gingivitis, and that X112 might play a role in the progress of lesion from gingivitis to periodontitis.     

Reactive antibodies in sera from pubertal and adult gingivitis patients against various Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens

This study was undertaken to determine the immunodominant antigens from Porphyromonas gingivalis which reacted with sera from patients of pubertal and adult gingivitis. The patients with cultivable P. gingivalis and the patients without cultivable P. gingivalis were compared by immunoblots. Fifty subjects participated in this study: 20 with gingivitis, 20 periodontally healthy, and 10 with adult periodontitis. The groups with gingivitis and healthy periodontium each contained 10 pubescent subjects and 10 adult subjects. P. gingivalis was isolated from 9 of 20 patients with gingivitis and from all of 10 with periodontitis by culture study. Approximate molecular weight 43 KDa fimbriae antigen, 57, 53, 46, 28 KDa antigens from outer membrane, and 57, 44, 40, 18.5 KDa antigens from sonicated extracts of P. gingivalis reacted significantly more frequently with sera from the P. gingivalis culture-positive gingivitis patients than with sera from the culture-negative patients by Fisher's exact test. A molecular weight 75, 31 KDa antigen from outer membrane and a 46 KDa antigen from sonicated extract were immunodominant in sera from adult patients with periodontitis. These findings indicate that the specific antigens which reacted with sera from P. gingivalis culture-positive patients are markers of infection with P. gingivalis. Additionally, reactivity to antigens were slightly different between sera from patients with gingivitis and those from patients with periodontitis.