人绒毛膜促性腺激素对大鼠睾丸LH＼hCG受体影响的研究

８０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分为对照组，单剂人绒毛膜促性腺激素注射组，间隔３日双剂ｈＣＧ注射组及连续多剂ｈＣＧ注射组。每只大鼠每天注射的ｈＣＧ剂量为１００ＩＵ，分别在１，３，５，７，１０天分批处死动物，用放射配体分析法测定睾丸组织中＾１２５－Ｉ－ｈＣＧ结合位点。结果ｈＣＧ注射后２４小时ＬＨ／ｈＣＧ的结合位点较对照组降低了９９．３８％，单剂组的ｈＣＧ结合率１０天恢复至正常水平；     

钙离子阻滞剂在肝脏灌洗保存中的保护作用

进行临床肝移植的先决条件是要有高质量的供肝。本实验选择ＳＤ大鼠为实验动物,观察钙离子阻滞剂在肝脏灌注保存中对肝的保护作用。一、材料和方法ＳＤ大鼠１２０只,随机分成４组。第１组为对照组,再分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３个亚组,Ａ组腹腔内不注射药物;Ｂ组术前２４ｈ及１ｈ腹腔内注射生理盐水;Ｃ组术前２４ｈ及１ｈ腹腔内注射钙离子拮抗剂尼莫地平（０．５ｍｇ／ｇ）。以上３个亚组均不进行肝脏灌洗,麻醉后即切开腹腔取标本。第２、３、４组均进行肝脏灌洗,灌洗压分别为３．９２、５．８８、７．８５ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝１０．２ｃｍＨ２…     

胰岛素对人卵泡内泡膜细胞分泌雄激素的影响

培养取自月经周期正常妇女卵泡期卵泡的内泡膜细胞，观察人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）和胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）对内泡膜细胞分泌雄烯二酮（Ａ）、１７α羟孕酮（ＯＨ－Ρ）和孕酮（Ｐ）的影响。结果表明，ｈＣＧ和ＩＮＳ均刺激内泡膜细胞增加Ａ、ＯＨ－Ｐ和Ｐ的分泌。两者刺激内泡膜细胞分泌激素增加的浓度分别是０．５ＩＵ／ｍｌ和１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ。与基础状态相比，ＩＮＳ（５ｎｇ／ｍｌ）刺激Ａ、ＯＨ－Ｐ、Ｐ的分泌分别增加２．９、４．７和２．４倍，ｈＣＧ（０．１ＩＵ／ｍｌ）分别增加７．４、３．４和２．８倍；ＩＮＳ＋ｈＣＧ共同刺激分别增加９．５、９．３和４．３倍。ＩＮＳ在人卵巢甾体激素的合成中起重要的调节作用     

131Ⅰ标记单克隆抗体CL3瘤内注射对荷人结肠癌裸鼠的放射免疫治疗

我们采用１３１Ⅰ标记单克隆抗体ＣＬ３瘤内注射治疗荷人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤，与腹腔注射比较：大剂量组每鼠给药１８．５ＭＢｑ，观察３４天，１６天后前者的肿瘤生长抑制率高于后者，分别为５７．９％±１０．２％和４７．２％±１６．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５），肿瘤完全抑制率分别为６／１６和１／８；小剂量组每例５．３６ＭＢｑ，观察１７天，６天后，前者的肿瘤生长抑制率明显高于后者，分别为４９．６％±１７．５％和２６．１％±３．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）．计算小剂量给药后五天的肿瘤累积吸收剂量，瘤内注射是腹腔注射组的３．３倍，分别为１８．７Ｇｙ和５．７Ｇｙ．结果提示在肿瘤放射免疫治疗中采用瘤内注射法给药，具有低毒高效的治疗作用，临床实用价值较高。     

微量钾对利多卡因在家兔臂丛神经阻滞中效果的影响

钾可以明显地提高局麻药物的麻醉效果［１～３］，这一事实已被许多学者证实。我们初步研究了微量钾（４ｍｍｏｌ）对０．５％利多卡因和０．７％利多卡因在家兔臂丛神经阻滞中阻滞作用的影响，以期为临床麻醉药物的应用提供依据。材料和方法实验用家兔５８只，体重１．８０±０．３ｋｇ，雌雄不拘，随机分为５组：１组（１２只）使用０．５％利多卡因＋４ｍｍｏｌＫＣ１，２组（１１只）使用０．５％利多卡因，３组（１３只）使用１％利多卡因，４组（１１只）使用０．７％利多卡因＋４ｍｍｏｌＫＣＩ，５组（１１只）使用０．７％利多卡因…     

培养的人睾丸组织对人绒毛膜促性腺激素的反应

用猝死的正常成年男子睾丸组织，加入含有１０％胎牛血清的ＭＥＭ培养液，培养１４天。观察睾丸组织在培养期间对人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）０～５０ＩＵ／ｍｌ的反应，氧耗量测定及形态学观察。结果表明体外培养的人睾丸组织有３天适应期，第４天逐渐恢复分泌功能。在培养前期（０天）、中期（７天）、后期（１４天）对相同剂量ｈＣＧ刺激的睾酮分泌反应及氧耗量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。光镜和电镜下可见睾丸组织结构完整。第１４天生精细胞有退行性变，少数赖迪细胞空泡样变     

低亲和力糖皮质激素受体与大剂量糖皮质激素治疗大鼠被动性Heymann肾炎疗效的关系

为证实正常大鼠肾皮质有高、低亲和力糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲＨ、ＧＲＬ）。方法利用放射配体结合法。结果ＧＲＬ的平衡解离常数（ｋｄ）在１０－６Ｍ数量级，最大结合容量（Ｂｍａｘ）为８．６０±１．３０ｐｍｏｌ／ｍｇ．ｐｒｏ。被动性海曼氏肾炎（ＰＨＮ组）大鼠ＧＲＬ的Ｂｍａｘ为１０．７±３．４０ｐｍｏｌ／ｍｇ．ｐｒｏ。经小剂量（ＬＤ组）、大剂量（ＨＤ组）糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）治疗ＰＨＮ大鼠后，其ＧＲＬ的Ｂｍａｘ分别增加３倍左右，ＧＣ对ＧＲＬ无反向调节。ＨＤ组同ＬＤ组比，血ＧＣ浓度高，可和相当数量的ＧＲＬ结合而起到抗炎效应，从而疗效好。ＨＤ组大剂量ＧＣ治疗后２４ｈ尿蛋白减少量与肾皮质ＧＲＬ的Ｂｍａｘ呈正相关。结论大剂量ＧＣ可能通过ＧＲＬ介导而起到强有力的抗炎效应     

基因重组人生长激素（r—hGH）对骨质疏松性骨折愈合影响的实验 …

目的 观察基因重组人生长激素（ｒ－ｈＧＨ）对骨质疏松性骨折愈合的作用及影响,以期为骨质疏松性骨折提供一种有效的治疗方法。方法 选择８月龄、雌性、ＳＤ大鼠３６只,随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组各１８只。手术方法建立骨质疏松性骨折实验模型后,治疗组动物每只每天皮下注射基因重组人生长激素（ｒ－ｈＧＨ）２．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ,连续１０天;对照组同法给予等量生理盐水。分别于用药后２、４、８周检测血浆ＩＧＦ－１浓度,     

大鼠脊髓损伤后兴奋性氨基酸的变化及其对血流量的影响

采用Ａｌｌｅｎ＇ｓ打击法复制大鼠脊髓损伤（ＳＣＩ）模型，氨基酸微量检测技术和氢清除法分别测定伤段脊髓组织２４ｈ内兴奋性氨基酸（ＥＡＡ）即谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）、天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）含量和脊髓灰质血流量（ＳＣＢＦ）的变化，并观察脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射ＥＡＡ受体激动剂Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）对ＳＣＢＦ的影响，探讨ＥＡＡ在ＳＣＩ中的作用。结果发现：ＳＣＢＦ在伤后１０ｍｉｎ即有明显下降，２ｈ较１ｈ略有回升，４～８ｈ又进一步下降，第二次下降与第一次下降相差显著。伤后脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射ＮＭＤＡ明显加剧ＳＣＩ后脊髓缺血。Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｐ伤后１０ｍｉｎ均明显升高，１～２４ｈＡｓｐ较对照组明显降低，８ｈ较２ｈ略有回升；Ｇｌｕ在伤后１０ｍｉｎ有所下降，但仍高于对照组，４ｈ、８ｈ较２ｈ略增加。ＥＡＡ变化与ＳＣＢＦ呈显著负相关。结果提示ＳＣＩ后ＥＡＡ的过度释放是ＳＣＩ后继发损伤的重要因素。     

谷氨酰胺双肽保护肠粘膜屏幕

传统的肠外营养和化疗药应激可导致肠粘膜形态及屏幕功能障碍，为研究腹腔注射５－ＦＵ后谷氨酰胺双肽对肠粘形态及屏幕功能的影响，作者将大鼠随机分成两组，对照组（ｎ＝１０）接受传统肠外营养液，双肽组（ｎ＝１０）接受传肠外营养液在３％谷氨酰胺双肽，胃肠外营养维持７天，第４天腹腔注射５－ＦＵ，第３、７天测定肠粘膜通透性，第８天处死，测氨基酸谱，肠粘膜形态及细菌移位，结果：双肽组较对照组体重丢失少（Ｐ〈０．０５     

Down-regulation of rat and human testicular hCG receptors by hCG

Changes in rat and human testicular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding sites induced by hCG were estimated in vivo and in vitro. After a single administration of hCG, the specific hCG binding sites were significantly reduced for 7 and 5 days in rat and human testes, respectively. However, hCG binding sites had recovered to pretreatment values by the 14th day after the administration. Occupied hCG binding sites measured in both rat and human testes accounted for about half of the reduced binding sites on the day after administration of hCG, but thereafter the number of sites occupied was not correlated with the reduction of the binding induced a dose-related significant loss of the specific hCG binding sites for 7 and 5 days in rat and human testes, respectively. Thereafter, the number of binding sites gradually increased. These patterns of change in hCG binding sites in vitro were similar to those in vivo. These findings suggest that the reduction in hCG binding sites in rat and human testes by hCG is due not only to occupancy but also down-regulation of the binding sites. In conclusion, the present testicular organ culture method is useful to study hormonal regulation of testicular function, especially in human testes.     

Autoregulation of LH/hCG Receptors and Catabolism of hCG in Rat Testis

The number of free and occupied LH/hCG-receptors in adult rat testes after subcutaneous injections of hCG was studied. When 3–10 IU of hCG was injected, there was initially (between 6 and 16 h) a significant increase in free binding sites, without detectable occupancy of receptors. Higher doses (100 and 1000 IU) induced a drop in the amount of free receptors which was explained by simultaneous receptor occupancy. Later (between 12 and 48 h) there was a pronounced net loss of both free and occupied binding sites. Gel filtration of radioactivity extracted from testicular tissue demonstrated that following the initial uptake [¹²⁵I]hCG undergoes a cleavage to subunits and hydrolysis to peptide fragments and amino acids. The autoradiographic results suggest that the degradative processes take place in Leydig cells. The degradation of [¹²⁵I]hCG was markedly reduced by simultaneous injection of an excess of unlabelled hormone, supporting the autoradiographic evidence of the degradation site of [¹²⁵I]hCG.     

Temporal relationship between hCG induced desensitization of LH/hCG responsive adenylyl cyclase and downregulation of LH/hCG receptors in the rat testis

A single s.c. injection of 75 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into adult male rats caused a transient desensitization of the LH/hCG responsive adenylyl cyclase (AC) in membrane particles from rat testis. Two hours after the injection of hCG, LH/hCG responsive AC was reduced by 40%, whereas LH binding was still normal. After 24 hr LH/HCG responsive AC was lost, whereas LH binding only showed a marginal decrease. During the next 2-3 days there was a gradual loss of LH/HCG receptors, which reached a nadir at day 4 (14% of control levels). At day y and 9 following the hCG injection LH/hCG receptors and LH/hCG responsive AC gradually returned towards normal. Fluoride (F-) stimulated AC activity showed only minor changes throughout the period investigated. The initial loss of AC responsiveness to hCG was associated with maximal levels of circulating hCG. However, desensitization persisted for several days after hCG was cleared form the circulation. AC desensitization preceded LH receptor downregulation and may support the notion that uncoupling of the catalytic subunit of the AC from Leydig cell LH/hCG receptors is a requirement for subsequent receptor internalization.     

Serum inhibin levels after administration of hCG

Administration of hCG to normal healthy men caused 40 fold increase in circulating levels of inhibin at 24 hr. FSH levels decreased between 72-120 hr of hCG injection. Although, testosterone levels were maintained at higher levels during hCG therapy for more than 10 days, inhibin and FSH levels returned back to pretreatment levels, indicating involvement of hCG in the regulation of circulating levels of inhibin.     

Testicular FSH and hCG receptors in Sertoli-cell-only syndrome

Testicular FSH and hCG receptors were measured in patients with Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS), and the value of Bmax for each hormone was compared with the value in subjects with normal testes. FSH receptor was detectable in only four of 10 patients, and the mean value of Bmax in four of the 10 patients was clearly lower than that in normal testes (p less than 0.005). On the other hand, hCG receptors were detected in all of six tested patients, and the mean value of Bmax was lower, but not remarkably so, than that in the normal testes. The function of Sertoli cells was remarkably impaired in most men with SCOS, whereas the function of Leydig cells was relatively preserved.     

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Treatment in Cryptorchidism

HCG-Behandlung des Hodenhochstandes
128 praepuberale Jungen im Alter zwischen 1 und 12 Jahren wurden wegen eines Hodenhochstandes von den Autoren untersucht. In die Studie wurden Jungen mit retraktilen/beweglichen Hoden nicht aufgenommen. Es erfolgte eine HCG-Behandlung zweimal wöchentlich über 5 Wochen (1–4 Jahre, n = 53 – 10 times 250 I.E.; 4–7 Jahre, n = 51 – 10 times 500 I.E.; 7–12 Jahre, n = 24–10 times 1000 I.E.). Ein gutes klinisches Resultat (vollständiger Deszensus in das Skrotum) wurde in 25% (n = 32) erreicht; in 32% (n = 41) wurde ein Teilerfolg erzielt (Abwärtsbewegung der Hoden in das Skrotum). Plasmatestosteron wurde vor und einmal wöchentlich bestimmt; es ergab sich, daß die Basalwerte innerhalb der normalen Spannweite für praepuberale Knaben lag — während der HCG-Gabe fand sich ein signifikanter Anstieg in allen Fällen. Die nachgewiesenen Werte waren für alle Fallgruppen gleich. Die Autoren sind der Auffassung, daß die Anwendung von HCG für die initiale Therapie bei Knaben mit Hodenhochstand bei einer Dosis von 2 times 500 I.E. HCG für fünf aufeinanderfolgende Wochen geeignet ist.     

GnRH and hCG tests in healthy adolescents and adults.

With the aim of obtaining reference values of GnRH test and of hCG test in a Venezuelan population, the authors evaluated the response of the pituitary LH and FSH to the GnRH action in 48 adolescents and 43 adults. Also, in 22 adolescents and in 22 adults from the same sample they evaluated the hCG effect on the gonadal steroids secretion. The maximum LH increment was obtained 30 min after GnRH stimulation, independently from the patients' age and their sexual development. FSH maximum increment was obtained 60 min after GnRH in the adults; meanwhile, the FSH maximum increment was obtained 30 min after GnRH stimulation in the Tanner stage 4 adolescents, and 90 min post-GnRH in the Tanner 5 adolescents. The gonadal steroid secretion 2, 24, 48, and 72 h post-hCG was significantly lower in the Tanner 4 adolescents. The gonadal steroid response post-hGC stimulation in the Tanner 5 adolescent group was similar to the one obtained in the adults. In late puberty the LH response to GnRH stimulus is not related either to age or to sexual development, contrary to the FSH response obtained after GnRH and the gonadal steroid response after hCG stimulus, both of which are related to age and patients' sexual development.     

抗滋养细胞膜抗体、人绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体与体外受精-胚胎移植结局的关系

目的探讨抗滋养细胞膜抗体(ATA)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)抗体对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2002年1月至2007年7月在本生殖医学中心由于不明原因性不育、女方输卵管因素和(或)男方轻度少弱精子症因素不育而接受IVF-ET治疗的妇女140例,其中持续妊娠妇女65例作为对照组,反复种植失败31例、生化妊娠丢失26例及临床妊娠丢失18例妇女作为研究组。比较研究组和对照妇女各不育因素所占比例;血清ATA、抗hCG抗体阳性率。结果研究组中不明原因性不育明显高于对照组(P<0.01);研究组ATA阳性率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);研究组中生化妊娠组和临床妊娠丢失组hCG抗体阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于对照组和反复种植失败组(P>0.05)。结论自身免疫异常所致的ATA可干扰整个妊娠过程,hCG抗体的存在能增加IVF-ET临床妊娠流产率和生化妊娠流产率。     

Regulation of Leydig Cell Sensitivity and Responsiveness to LH/hCG

The present paper discusses some of the problems which are involved in evaluating hormonal effects on the responsiveness of Leydig cells to LH/hCG. It describes, with several examples, how different peptide and steroid hormones can alter the sensitivity and magnitude of the in vitro response of rat Leydig cells to gonadotrophins. These alterations in responsiveness and sensitivity may be mediated through effects on the number of LH/hCG. receptors (LH, prolactin, glucocorticoids), the activity of the phosphodiesterase (LH, androgens) or the steroidogenic enzymes (androgens, oestrogens, antiandrogens). The fact that the responsiveness and sensitivity of Leydig cells to LH/hCG can be manipulated in such a way, gives support to the proposals suggesting that regulation of target cell sensitivity to hormones may be as fruitful as the current attempts of controlling male fertility, which mainly aim at controlling hormone production.