超声心动图诊断胎儿心脏血管畸形临床价值及可行性

目的:探索孕妇产前超声高速检查对胎儿心脏血管畸形诊断价值,总体来对误诊或者漏诊现象原因进行分析,来提高诊断准确率.方法:收集2010年3月至2014年7月在该院进行明确诊断30例心脏大动脉畸形胎儿临床资料进行研究分析,胎儿超声高速图像总结心脏大动脉畸形超声图像的特征.结果:30名患者都被明确诊断为是胎儿心脏大动脉畸形,心脏大动脉畸形胎儿在三血管气管切面上都表现为阳性,检查结果显示心脏大动脉内径异常患者18人,心脏大动脉交叉关系消失8名患者,永存动脉干3名患者,右位主动脉弓患者有1名.结论:三血管气管切面上诊断胎儿心脏大动脉畸形具有十分高的敏感程度,这可以作为是胎儿心脏大动脉畸形的重要的辅助方法.     

胎儿心脏畸形的超声诊断观察

目的观察和研究胎儿心脏畸形的超声诊断结果与价值。方法选取我院超声科于2012年10月至2015年10月之间经孕中晚期普通超声检查或四维胎儿系统性超声检查发现怀有心脏畸形胎儿的孕妇67例,从多个角度、多个切面用超声探头全方位观察胎儿的心脏。结果三尖瓣下移4例右室双出口3例,主动脉弓离断或缩窄3例,单纯室间隔缺损3例(经检测,厚度分别为3、5、4 mm),肺动脉闭锁或狭窄6例,大动脉转位5例永存动脉干4例,单心室5例,单心房4例,法乐四联症9例,完全性心内膜垫缺损10例,其他畸形9例,准确率为97.0%,误诊2例,误诊率为3.0%。大部分胎儿均合并其他系统畸形,只有28例为单纯心脏疾病,占41.8%。结论应用彩色多普勒超声对胎儿心脏畸形进行诊断的主要切面包括三血管-气管切面、主动脉弓切面、左右室流出道切面、大动脉短轴切面和四腔心切面,应重视扫查静脉-心房与右室流出道-肺动脉长轴切面的连接关系、图像缩放功能和高频探头,以作出全面诊断。     

三血管观联合双弓切面在超声诊断胎儿大血管畸形中的应用

目的 探讨三血管观联合双弓切面在胎儿大血管畸形产前超声诊断中的临床意义.方法 对2004年2月-2011年12月孕22~35周60例胎儿心血管异常的超声检查资料进行回顾性分析.结果 60例胎儿大动脉异常包括大动脉血管内径异常19例、大动脉排列异常38例、大动脉数目异常3例.结论 三血管观联合主动脉弓、动脉导管弓切面检查方法简便、安全、可靠,是诊断先天性心脏大血管畸形的主要方法,可以提高胎儿大动脉畸形的检出率和准确性.     

三血管切面及三血管气管切面对超声产前诊断胎儿心脏大血管畸形中的应用分析

目的：探究三血管切面(3VV)及三血管气管切面(3VT)对超声产前检查在胎儿心脏大血管畸形中的应用价值。方法：选择2018年10月—2020年8月漯河市中医院行产前检查的60例(共60处血管异常)孕妇作为研究对象，均行3VV、3VT检查，对孕妇的彩色多普勒超声检查结果予以仔细观察。以分娩后新生儿心脏彩超检查结果作为诊断胎儿心脏大血管疾病的“金标准”，分析超声在血管畸形中的检出情况，另分析胎儿超声3VV及3VT切面在胎儿心脏大血管畸形中的异常检出情况。结果：超声检查检出心脏大血管管径大小异常率最高为50.00%，其次为血管位置异常(26.67%)及血管数量异常(23.33%)。两种方法在血管位置异常、血管管径大小异常、血管数量异常检出率比较，差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.042、0.000、0.048,P>0.05)；肺动脉异常发生率较高，其中又以肺动脉狭窄发生率较高，为26.67%，其次为永存左上腔静脉(18.33%)、主动脉狭窄(16.67%)及大动脉转位(16.67%)。结论：在胎儿心脏大血管畸形筛查中应用3VV及3VT超声产前诊断效果确切，能够及时检出异...     

产前超声三血管气管切面检查对胎儿心脏大血管发育的诊断效能研究

目的 探讨超声三血管气管切面（three-vessel tracheal section, 3VT）检查对胎儿心脏大血管发育的诊断效能。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2021年12月福建省妇幼保健院收治的31 346名中孕期孕妇的临床资料,所有孕妇均采用超声3VT检查,对胎儿心脏大血管发育情况进行评估与畸形筛查。以产后检查或引产尸解结果为诊断金标准,采用ROC曲线分析超声3VT产前检查诊断胎儿心脏大血管畸形的价值,计算超声3VT产前检查诊断不同类型胎儿心脏大血管畸形的检出率。结果 经产后检查或引产尸解确诊胎儿心脏大血管畸形725例,经产前超声3VT检查正确诊断674例;产前超声3VT检查诊断胎儿心脏大血管畸形的符合率为96.88%(30 369/31 346),灵敏度为92.97%(674/725),特异度为96.98%(29 695/30 621),阳性预测值为42.13%(674/1 600),阴性预测值为99.83%(29 695/29 746)。ROC曲线显示,产前超声3VT检查诊断胎儿心脏大血管畸形的AUC为0.913(95%CI∶0.865～0.956)。结论 产前超声3...     

20例胎儿心脏畸形超声表现回顾性分析

目的:探讨超声在胎儿心脏畸形筛查中的作用和检查方法。方法:回顾性分析笔者所在医院2010年10月-2011年12月间发现的20例心脏畸形胎儿的临床资料,观察各种心脏畸形在不同切面的超声表现。结果:单心房、单心室2例,室间隔缺损3例,右室双出口4例,法洛四联症5例,完全性大动脉转位1例,单纯肺动脉狭窄2例,三尖瓣下移畸形1例,右位主动脉弓2例。结论:四腔心结合流出道切面对心脏畸形的宫内诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,是诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的首选方法。     

三血管及三血管-气管切面对胎儿大动脉异常的诊断价值

目的探讨三血管及三血管－气管切面对胎儿大动脉异常的诊断价值。方法联合应用四腔心切面、左右室流出道切面、三血管切面（3VV）及三血管－气管切面（3VT）,诊断胎儿心脏发育异常中大动脉异常的超声表现,尤其注意在3VV与3VT的异常表现。结果4152例胎儿中检出异常174例,其中大动脉异常125例,3VV及3VT切面异常者为83例,准确率为66．4％,表现为大血管内径大小异常、大血管数目异常、大血管排列关系异常、大血管与气管的关系异常及大血管血流动力学的改变。结论3VV与3VT获取方法简单方便,准确率高,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

断层超声显像技术联合 2DE 在胎儿心脏大动脉畸形诊断中的应用价值

目的: 探究断层超声显像技术( TUI) 联合二维超声心动图( 2 DE) 在胎儿心脏大动脉畸形诊断中的 应用价值。方法: 选取 2016－06～ 2018－06 期间于我院 107 例疑似胎儿心脏大动脉畸形的孕妇,均先行 2 DE 诊 断,然后行 TUI 技术诊断,采集胎儿心尖四腔心切面、左右流出道、主动脉弓、三血管－气管切面等图像,分析诊 断。以病理尸检、新生儿心外手术或 2 DE 结果为准。计算 2 DE 与 TUI 技术联合 2 DE 在胎儿心脏大动脉畸形 的诊断价值。结果: 产后证实 56 例胎儿心脏大动脉畸形,2 DE 检出胎儿心脏大动脉畸形 43 例,其中假阳性 2 例,假阴性 15 例; TUI 技术联合 2 DE 检出胎儿心脏大动脉畸形 55 例,其中假阳性 2 例,假阴性 3 例; 2 DE 与 TUI 技术的导管弓切面、上下腔切面显示合格率( 95．33%、90．65%) 高于 2 DE( 86．92%、81．31%,P＜0．05) ; TUI 技术联 合 2 DE 诊断胎儿心脏大动脉畸形灵敏度、阴 性 预 测 值、诊 断 准 确 度( 94．64%、93．62%、95．10%) 高 于 2 DE ( 73．21%、74．58%、83．33%) ( P ＜ 0．05) ,联 合 诊 断 特 异 度、阳 性 预 测 值 ( 95．65%、96．36%) 与 2 DE ( 95．65%、 95．35%) 对比无显著差异( P＞0．05) 。结论: TUI 技术联合 2 DE 诊断胎儿心脏大动脉畸形,切面显示效果良好,灵 敏度、阴性预测值、诊断准确度高,具有较高诊断价值,有利于减少漏诊、误诊,为临床处理及产后干预提供依据。     

先天性异常与优生学

081630胎儿心脏大动脉畸形的产前超声心动图诊断技术探讨/王鸿…∥中国优生与遗传杂志.—2008,16(10).—94～95目的:探讨胎儿心脏大动脉畸形的产前超声心动图诊断方法及操作技术路线。方法:对已检出的117例胎儿复杂型先天性心脏病(先心病)合并大动脉畸形胎儿进行回顾性分析并与尸检和出生后手术及超声检查进行对比。结果:117例复杂先心病胎儿的大动脉交叉图显示无交叉关系及交叉关系异常65例(55.5%);检出大动脉内径及瓣膜异常为51例占43.5%(其中大动脉内径异常35例;主动脉瓣/肺动脉瓣狭窄16例)。结论:胎儿心脏大动脉畸形在胎儿心脏病诊断中属难度最大和最易发生漏诊,检查中应明确血流动力学异常改变及动态显示有无大动脉交叉切面及血管排列、内径、瓣膜形态及数量、瓣上和流出道等异常改变。表1参7(原文摘要)先天性异常与优生学     

超声心动图在筛查胎儿心脏畸形中的应用体会

目的 探讨产前超声心动图筛查胎儿心脏畸形的必要性.方法 以胎儿四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道、三血管-气管、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓这六个切面为标准切面,观察胎儿心脏结构、形态.结果 1863例胎儿中发现61例心脏畸形:室间隔缺损21例,法洛氏四联症10例,左心发育不良5例,永存左上腔静脉4例,右室双出口4例,心内膜垫缺损3例,右心发育不良3例,单心腔2例,三尖瓣下移畸形2例,主动脉弓离断2例,肺动脉狭窄2例,永存动脉干2例,右位主动脉弓伴血管环1例.漏诊室间隔缺损3例,肺动脉瓣轻度狭窄1例;诊断符合率99.8％(1 859/1 863);敏感性为93.8％,特异性为100.0％.结论 以上述6个切面为标准切面进行胎儿心脏超声筛查,可发现绝大多数的心脏畸形,特别是复杂畸形无1例漏诊,应逐渐将胎儿超声心动图检查纳入产前检查常规工作中并建立标准化扫查切面.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.