新诊断2型糖尿病患者治疗前后血糖水平的动态变化

目的探查2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖漂移变化的特征。方法选取2002-11~2004-12上海交通大学附属第六人民医院22例新诊断T2DM患者采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)对其治疗前后均进行连续3d的血糖监测,进行自身前后对照分析。结果本组患者经2~3周治疗后,糖代谢紊乱明显缓解。22例患者治疗前后平均血糖值[(12.7±2.4)mmol/L对(7.3±0.9)mmol/L];日内血糖最高值[19.5±2.3)mmol/L对(11.0±1.7)mmol/L];血糖漂移最大幅度[(12.1±3.1)mmol/L对(7.1±2.0)mmol/L]。餐前及餐后的平均血糖水平及上述血糖参数之间差异均有显著性意义(P均<0.001)。治疗后血糖>7.8mmol/L及11.1mmol/L的时间百分比与治疗前比较均显著降低[(29(6~64)%对99(37~100)%,3(0~28)%对72(13~100)%,P均<0.001)]。结论动态血糖监测能评估T2DM血糖漂移变化的特征,有助于更有效地控制糖代谢紊乱。     

Low HDL-cholesterol: a strong predictor of glycemic response to glitazone treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes

We performed a study in 102 people with type 2 diabetes aiming to determine “easy-to-use” predictive factors for glycemic response to glitazones. We found that low baseline HDL-cholesterol (<40 mg/L [1.04 mmol/L] in males, <50 mg/L [1.30 mmol/L] in females) was a strong independent predictor of glycemic response to glitazones (OR = 2.67 [2.02-3.52], p = 0.0004).     

Examining sex differences in glycemic index knowledge and intake among individuals with type 2 diabetes

Aim

We examined self-reported dietary behaviours and actual food intakes among adult men and women with type 2 diabetes participating in Alberta’s Caring for Diabetes (ABCD) Study.

Effects of concomitant drugs on sitagliptin-mediated improvement in glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

AimsWe investigated to clarify factors associated with the efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitor, for glycemic control including the confounding effect of concomitant drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe included type 2 diabetes patients with HbA1c levels of ≥7% who were not under insulin treatment and were administered sitagliptin (50 mg/day for 6 months). Reduction or discontinuation of insulin sensitizers was not permitted during the study period. Outcomes included HbA1c level variations and attaining a target HbA1c level of <7%. Associated factors with each outcome were examined using multivariate analysis.ResultsOf the 313 patients enrolled in this study, 147 (47.0%) attained HbA1c levels of <7%. High baseline HbA1c levels were associated with HbA1c level variations but inversely associated with attaining the target HbA1c level of <7%. Concomitant use of an insulin sensitizer and a α-glucosidase inhibitor and maintenance of the baseline dose of concomitant drugs were significantly associated with each outcome.ConclusionsOur results suggest that concomitant sitagliptin administration (50 mg/day) will improve glycemic control if treatment is initiated before HbA1c levels deteriorate. Other medication should be continued at initiation of sitagliptin administration.     

2型糖尿病患者合并代谢紊乱与血管并发症相关性分析

目的观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并代谢紊乱发生情况及其与血管并发症的相关性。方法采用2004年中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)关于代谢综合征诊断标准,对230例T2DM患者按合并代谢紊乱多少分为单纯T2DM组(T2DM组,n=60)、T2DM合并1种代谢紊乱组(MS1组,n=97)、T2DM合并2种代谢紊乱组(MS2组,n=50)和T2DM合并3种代谢紊乱组(MS3组,n=23)四组,比较四组患者临床及生化检查指标,观察颈动脉内膜-中层增厚(C-IMT增厚)、糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)及糖尿病肾病(DN)发生率,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析血管并发症与合并代谢紊乱关系。结果 T2DM合并1种代谢紊乱患者占42.2%、合并2种代谢紊乱患者占21.7%、合并3种代谢紊乱患者占10.0%。与T2DM组患者比较,合并其他代谢紊乱组患者的体质指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPG)、血尿酸(UA)、三酰甘油(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)水平显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与MS1组患者比较,MS2组患者BMI、SBP、DBP、FBG、2hPG、UA、TG、TC及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平增高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);MS3组患者BMI、SBP、DBP、HOMA-IR、FBG、2hPG、UA及TG水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。与MS2组患者比较,MS3组患者SBP、DBP、FBG、2hPG及UA水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。随代谢紊乱组份的增加,C-IMT增厚、DR及DN等血管并发症的发生率增加(P0.01)。分别以C-IMT增厚、DR、DN为自变量,以BMI、SBP、DBP、FBG、2hPG、TG及HDL-C为因变量,采用二分类Logistic回归分析,结果显示SBP、DBP及2hPG是C-IMT增厚的独立危险因素;DBP和TG是DR的独立危险因素;SBP和TG是DN的独立危险因素。结论 2型糖尿病合并其他代谢紊乱与C-IMT增厚、DR及DN的发生相关。     

Periodontal disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Associations with glycemic control and complications: An Indian perspective

AimTo evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic metabolic control, duration and complications.Materials and methodsA comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients versus a group of non-diabetics (n = 20). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease and the appearance of complications.ResultsDiabetics had greater bleeding index (p < 0.001), probing pocket depth (p < 0.001) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001). Patients diagnosed for diabetes for shorter duration of time (4–7 years) showed bleeding index-disease severity correlation to be 1.760 ± 0.434.ConclusionPatients with type 1 diabetes have increased periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal inflammation is greatly increased in subjects with longer disease course, poor metabolic control and diabetic complications.     

RNA干扰技术及其在2型糖尿病中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)技术是基因分析和基因治疗的重要手段,它在2型糖尿病中的应用涉及功能基因组研究、2型糖尿病发病机制及其心血管并发症研究。RNAi具有高效特异性的特点。然而仍需克服如何避免RNAi衰减现象,如何合理调节多基因表达等困难。     

Effect of the combination of mitiglinide and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims/Introduction: Mitiglinide is the newest drug in the meglitinide family. It increases the early‐phase insulin release through rapid association‐dissociation kinetics in the pancreatic β cells. The efficacy and safety of adding meglitinide to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. Materials and Methods: We carried out a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial to assess the efficacy and safety of combined treatment with mitiglinide and metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes who showed inadequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy. Subjects with glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) >7.0% after an 8‐week metformin run‐in phase were randomized to a 16‐week trial phase with metformin plus mitiglinide (Met + Mit) or metformin plus placebo (Met + Pcb). Results: Compared with the Met + Pcb group, the Met + Mit group showed a greater reduction in HbA_1c (?0.7 ± 0.6%vs?0.4 ± 0.7%, P = 0.002), fasting plasma glucose (?0.77 ± 1.76 mmol/L vs?0.05 ± 1.60 mmol/L, P = 0.015) and 2‐h postprandial glucose (?3.76 ± 3.57 mmol/L vs?0.84 ± 3.07 mmol/L, P < 0.0001). The proportion of the patients who achieved the target HbA_1c value of <7% at the end of the study was also higher in the Met + Mit group than the Met + Pcb group (49.3%vs 28.8%, P = 0.016). There were no differences in the adverse event rates between groups. Conclusions: Combination therapy with metformin and mitiglinide is effective and safe for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00023.x, 2010)     

血糖控制对2型糖尿病病人骨转换的影响

目的 探讨血糖控制对２型糖尿病（ＤＭ）骨转换的影响。方法 测定４３例２型ＤＭ患者血骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（ＢＡＰ）、尿脱氧吡啶酚（ＤＰＤ）和血尿钙、磷、镁水平,并与正常组比较。结果 ２型ＤＭ患者血ＢＡＰ、尿ＤＰＤ以及钙、磷高于正常对照;治疗后ＢＡＰ、ＤＰＤ降低。ＢＡＰ和ＤＰＤ变化水平与糖化血红蛋白、尿糖和尿钙、磷变化水平正相关。结论 控制血糖能使２型ＤＭ患者骨转换降低。     

Effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with coexisting hypovitaminosis D: A parellel group placebo controlled randomized controlled pilot study

Context

Vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients may lead to improved glycemic control by improving insulin secretion and decreasing insulin resistance.

Effect of gender on treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim

To evaluate the effect of gender on clinical outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving antidiabetes therapy.

Methods

This is a pooled analysis from nine similarly designed phase 3 and 4 randomized, controlled studies evaluating insulin glargine and an active comparator (NPH insulin, insulin lispro, premixed insulin, oral antidiabetes drugs, dietary intervention) in adults with T2DM. Impact of gender on outcomes including HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), weight-adjusted insulin dose, and hypoglycemia incidence was evaluated after 24 weeks of treatment.

Results

Overall, 1651 male and 1287 female individuals were included; 49.8% and 50.2% were treated with insulin glargine or comparators, respectively. Females receiving insulin glargine were less likely than males to achieve a glycemic target of HbA1c ≤ 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) (54.3% vs 60.8%, respectively, p = 0.0162); there was no difference between females and males receiving comparators (52.7% vs 51.3%, respectively, p = 0.4625). Females had significantly greater reductions in FPG (3.1 mg/dL, p = 0.0458), required significantly higher insulin doses (0.03 IU/kg, p = 0.0071), and had significantly higher annual rates of symptomatic (p < 0.0001), glucose-confirmed (<50 and <70 mg/dL) symptomatic (p = 0.0005 and p < 0.0001), and severe hypoglycemia (p = 0.0020) than males.

Conclusions

Females in this analysis had smaller reductions in HbA1c and were less likely to reach glycemic goals despite higher insulin doses and more hypoglycemic events than males. Differences in gender responses to therapy should be considered when individualizing treatment for people with T2DM.     

The effect of periodontal therapy on the improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial

AIMS:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of improved periodontal health on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients who have generalized periodontitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 45 type 2 DM patients with generalized periodontitis were selected for the study. The selected patients were randomly assigned to three groups (groups A, B, and C) comprising 15 patients each: • Group A received treatment with scaling and root planing only. • Group B received treatment with scaling and root planing followed by systemic doxycycline. • Group C received no treatment (control group). The periodontal parameters recorded included plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. These parameters were recorded at baseline (day zero), at 1 month, and at the end of 3 months. The following metabolic parameters were recorded: fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), and glycated hemoglobin. These were recorded at baseline (day zero) and at the end of 3 months.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

All the parameters were subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA and Scheffe''s post hoc test.

RESULTS:

A statistically significant effect could be demonstrated for periodontal parameters for both group A and group B (treatment groups). Glycated hemoglobin values showed statistically significant decrease in treatment groups compared to the control group, with group B showing more significant decrease than group A.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study showed that nonsurgical periodontal treatment is associated with improved glycemic control in type 2 DM patients.     

联合低血糖生成指数及低血糖生成负荷饮食干预对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响

目的：评价联合低血糖生成指数（ LGI ）及低血糖生成负荷（ LGL ）的饮食干预对社区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖血脂代谢指标的影响。方法整群随机抽取湖南省长沙市金盆岭三真社区内三个不同小区,分别在各小区内随机抽取已确诊的T2DM且符合本研究纳入标准的35例患者为研究对象,将三个小区以抽签的形式随机分为全天饮食干预组（A组）、早餐饮食干预组（B组）及对照组（C组）。通过3个月分组干预,即保持患者原治疗方案不变的情况下,指导A组患者一日三餐采用LGI及LGL的食物,B组仅早餐采用LGI及LGL的食物,而C组饮食不作要求,比较干预前后三组患者空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）指标的变化。符合正态分布的计量资料比较采用单因素的方差分析。结果多个独立样本比较Kruskal-Wallis H检验显示,干预前后三组的 HbA1c 均有改善（均 P ＜0.05）,其中 A 组 HbA1c 改善优于 B、C 组（H ＝26.749,P ＜0.0167）;干预前后三组的HDL-C均有所下降（均P＜0.05）,其中A组患者的HDL-C下降幅度大于B组及C组（H＝12.671,P＜0.0167）;干预前后三组的TG均有改善（均P＜0.05）,其中A组、B组的TG改善优于C组（H＝14.921,P＜0.0167）。结论联合LGI及LGL饮食干预能有效改善T2DM患者HbA1c、HDL-C及TG,其中全天饮食干预较早餐饮食干预更有效。     

Safety and efficacy of adding sitagliptin to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: The ASSIST-K study

We retrospectively studied more than 1000 patients with type 2 diabetes attending 36 Japanese clinics to investigate the efficacy and safety of adding sitagliptin to various insulin regimens. We found that the treatment with add-on sitagliptin for 6-months was effective, irrespective of the type or dose of concomitant insulin.     

Impact of the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system on diabetes- self-management practices and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A prospective study

Background and aimsTo examine the efficacy of FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring System (FGMS) on Diabetes Self-Management Practices (DSMP) and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis prospective study was conducted among 105 patients with T2D (aged 30–70 years), who self-tested their glucose levels by conventional finger-prick method using blood glucose meters (BGM). At baseline visit, FGMS sensors were fixed by a diabetes educator to all patients. At the baseline and at 12 weeks of the study, an interviewer collected the responses of Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) from all the study population using a questionnaire.ResultsAt 12 weeks, significant improvements in the DSM subscales were observed, which includes glucose management (P = 0.042), dietary control (P = 0.048), physical activity (P = 0.043), health care use (P = 0.001) and self-care (P = 0.001), compared to the values at baseline. At baseline, when the HbA1c level was 8.2%, at 12 weeks, it dropped to 7.9%. Also, at baseline, when the hypoglycemia frequency was 3.1, it declined to 1.2 episodes/month at 12 weeks. While comparing the blood glucose monitoring through BGM at the baseline (1.92/day), a higher degree of frequency of blood glucose monitoring was evident at 12 weeks (6.84/day), after the patients employed the FreeStyle Libre.ConclusionAfter 12 weeks of using the FreeStyle Libre, the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and the HbA1c levels were dropped, while the practice of DSM and frequency of blood glucose monitoring were improved.     

Risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Possible factors predisposing to peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in hypertensive subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied. Details of age, sex, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, and smoking habit were recorded in 180 subjects of either White, West Indian Black or Asian ethnic origin. Glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting serum total cholesterol, total high density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2, low density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides were measured in all subjects. Peripheral vascular disease was defined as an ankle/brachial systolic pressure < 1.0 as measured by the Doppler technique. Multivariate analysis was performed and the following factors were identified as being strongly associated with the presence of PVD with a statistical significance of p < 0.001; LDL-cholesterol, total HDL-cholesterol, age, male sex, diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy, diastolic blood pressure, and of p < 0.003; systolic blood pressure. When blood pressure was excluded from the analysis the other factors retained their predictive value. We conclude that hypertension and dyslipidaemia are important risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Effect of eight-week curcumin supplementation with endurance training on glycemic indexes in middle age women with type 2 diabetes in Iran,A preliminary study

Background and aimsThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of curcumin supplementation & endurance training on glycemic indexes in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.Methods40 middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into four groups (control, curcumin, training & curcumin + training). Endurance training protocol included running on treadmill for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 45–60 min, with a maximum intensity of 50–70% of MHR. The experimental groups received a supplementation of curcumin as a daily dose of 80 mg curcumin soft gel for 8 weeks while the control group was subjected to no supplementation or exercise during this period. One day before and one day after the eight-week experimental period, blood samples were taken from the subjects to measure the glycemic indexes, including fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum insulin levels. T-test and two-way covariance analysis tests were used for analyzing the findings at a significant level of less than 0.05.ResultsEight weeks of curcumin supplementation and endurance training, whether done separately or simultaneously, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum insulin levels (P < 0.05). The combination of curcumin supplementation and endurance training compared to the other two interventions caused a significant further decrease in these glycemic indexes (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that eight weeks of curcumin supplementation and endurance training helped each other in improving the glycemic indexes of women with type 2 diabetes.     

Prevalence of arterial stiffness in adolescents with type 2 diabetes in the TODAY cohort: Relationships to glycemic control and other risk factors

Aims

We aimed to determine the prevalence of arterial stiffness in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes who previously participated in the TODAY clinical trial and whether arterial stiffness is influenced by their prior diabetes treatment assignment or glycemic control.

Predictors of hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients in primary care: A retrospective database analysis

AimsTo investigate the frequency and predictors (diabetes care and treatment, comorbidity) of documented hypoglycaemia in primary care patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.MethodsData from 32,545 patients (mean age: 70 (SD 11) years, 50.3% males) from 1072 practices were retrospectively analyzed (Disease Analyzer database Germany: 09/2011–08/2012). Logistic regression (≥1 documented hypoglyemia) was used to adjust for confounders (age, sex, practice characteristics, diabetes treatment regimen).ResultsThe prevalence of patients (12 months) with at least one reported hypoglycaemia was 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–2.4%). The adjusted odds of having hypoglycemia were increased for renal failure (OR; 95% CI: 1.26; 1.16–1.37), autonomic neuropathy (1.34; 1.20–1.49), and adrenocortical insufficiency (3.08; 1.35–7.05). Patients with mental disorders including dementia (1.49; 1.31–1.69), depression (1.24; 1.13–1.35), anxiety (1.18; 1.01–1.37), and affective disorders (1.80; 1.36–2.38) also showed an increased odds of having hypoglycemia. Location of the practice in an urban area was associated with a lower odds ratio (0.74; 0.68–0.80).ConclusionsBoth individual patient characteristics (e.g. comorbidity) and regional factors (practice location) have a substantial impact on hypoglycaemia in primary care patients with insulin therapy.