成人新鲜Ⅱ型、浅Ⅲ型齿状突骨折手术治疗效果分析

目的 :探讨颈前路齿状突螺钉内固定术和颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合术治疗成人新鲜Ⅱ型、浅Ⅲ型齿状突骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析我院2010年3月~2016年3月手术治疗的成人新鲜齿状突骨折23例,根据Anderson-D′Alonzo分型,Ⅱ型17例,浅Ⅲ型6例,男15例,女8例,年龄15~68岁(41.2±15.1岁)。患者入院时均有颈部疼痛、颈部活动受限;其中5例有不同程度脊髓神经损伤表现,术前JOA评分10~14分(12.8±1.6分)。13例齿状突骨折无移位或牵引后复位良好的Ⅱa型、Ⅱb型、浅Ⅲ型患者行颈前路齿状突螺钉内固定术,8例牵引后复位不理想及2例Ⅱc型齿状突骨折患者行颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合术。结果:术后23例患者均未出现血管、食道损伤及脊髓神经损伤加重等并发症。术后23例患者随访8~30个月(18.0±6.4个月)。5例合并脊髓损伤患者术后半年JOA评分14~17分(16.3±1.3分),平均改善率为83.3%。术后影像学复查寰枢椎对应关系良好,内固定无松动、断裂。术后1例前路齿状突螺钉内固定患者随访至8个月时骨折端尚未愈合,其余12例齿状突螺钉内固定均骨性愈合。10例寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨患者植骨均获得骨性融合。结论:颈前路齿状突螺钉内固定和颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合术治疗成人新鲜Ⅱ型、浅Ⅲ型齿状突骨折,固定牢固,愈合率高,具有良好的临床疗效。     

手术治疗枢椎齿状突骨折10例体会

目的观察寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定植骨治疗不稳定性枢椎齿状突骨折的临床疗效。方法对10例按A n-derson-D′A lonzon分型为Ⅱ型和不稳的Ⅲ型齿状突骨折患者行寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统固定、寰枢后间隙植骨术。结果术中无脊髓及神经根损伤、1例出现C2左侧椎动脉损伤,术中植钉后止血,术后无不适现象;10例寰枢椎骨折脱位完全复位,术后第3～6天（平均第4天）在颈托保护下离床活动;随访6～24个月,平均15个月,手术6个月后复查X线片、CT示所有寰枢后间隙植骨均融合,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉。结论寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定具有良好的力学性能,操作简单、操作安全性高,能为枢椎齿状突骨折提供可靠固定,为寰枢后间隙植骨融合提供保障,是齿状突骨折一种较好的治疗方法。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉治疗Ⅲ度齿状突骨折

目的：探讨寰枢椎颈后路椎弓根钉棒固定治疗齿状突Ⅲ度骨折可行性及临床疗效。方法：根据Anderson分型,对16例Ⅲ度齿状突骨折患者采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定和寰枢椎植骨融合。结果：术中无椎动脉、脊髓及神经根损伤发生,术后随访6～18个月,临床症状得到明显改善;复查X线,未见固定枢椎齿状突骨折端移位和松动,骨折部位稳定。结论：寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定对治疗Ⅲ度齿状突骨折稳定和愈合起到了重要的作用,对有上颈椎骨折损伤患者的治疗打下了基础。     

Ⅱ型齿状突骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨Ⅱ型齿状突骨折行手术治疗的疗效.方法 对12例Ⅱ型齿状突骨折分别采用前路空心螺钉内固定术和寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定术.结果 本组获3～24个月的随访,内固定均无松动,骨折均愈合和植骨融合.结论 前路空心螺钉内固定术适合治疗齿状突骨折ⅡB型,寰枢椎椎弓根钉适合ⅡC型.     

手术治疗7例变异型Jefferson骨折

目的 探讨变异型Jefferson骨折的手术治疗效果.方法 对7例变异型Jefferson骨折行寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术.结果 平均随访18个月,7例寰枢椎骨折脱位基本复位.术后1年神经功能JOA评分平均16.1分.结论 对于变异型Jefferson骨折手术可有效复位固定骨折,促进骨折愈合,重建颈椎的稳定性.     

前后路联合手术治疗齿状突骨折畸形愈合伴难复性寰枢椎脱位

目的:探讨经口前路松解齿状突部分切除与后路复位固定融合治疗齿状突骨折畸形愈合伴难复性寰枢椎脱位的疗效。方法:2008年1月～2011年1月我院共收治7例齿状突骨折畸形愈合致难复性寰枢椎脱位患者,男5例,女2例,年龄21～51岁,平均36.4岁。术前神经功能JOA评分为5～9分,平均7.3±2.1分;脊髓有效空间(space available for the cord,SAC)为4～12mm,平均8.34±3.68mm。均行经口前路松解、齿状突部分切除,一期后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统进一步提拉复位、固定、融合术,术后观察神经功能改善情况,并行X线、CT、MRI检查观察复位及植骨融合情况。结果:手术时间280～360min,平均310min。术中出血510～930ml,平均670ml。术中无脊髓神经损伤;1例术中置入枢椎椎弓根螺钉时损伤椎动脉,经原钉道拧入螺钉后完成止血,术后随访无椎动脉损伤的临床表现;1例术中置入寰椎椎弓根螺钉时寰椎后弓下壁破裂,未改变钉道,继续沿椎弓根方向置入螺钉,术后随访无寰枢椎的再失稳和移位。所有患者均获得满意复位。随访9～36个月,平均19.6个月。均在术后6个月获得骨性融合,随访期间未发现螺钉松动、移位、断裂,无寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象。末次随访时,JOA评分为11～15分,平均13.1±2.1分,与术前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),改善率为78.8%～93.5%,平均87.4%;末次随访时的SAC为11～18mm,平均14.78±2.15mm,与术前比较明显增大(P<0.05)。结论:对于齿状突骨折畸形愈合伴难复性寰枢椎脱位患者,经口咽前路松解齿状突部分切除与后路复位固定融合术可获得好的复位效果,近期疗效满意。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳

目的：探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉技术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳的疗效。方法：2005年1月～2010年1月,本院对48例陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳患者行后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉复位固定,其中男性30例,女性18例,年龄19～56岁,平均45．1岁。本组术前均行颅骨牵引。结果：本组48例患者共置入寰椎和枢椎椎弓根螺钉各96枚,寰枢椎复位满意,术中无脊髓损伤。术中出血250—900ml,平均370ml,手术时间110-280min,平均155min。术中3例出现椎动脉损伤,3例出现寰椎后弓下壁破裂。术后均获得随访,9～64个月,平均46．6个月。随访所有患者均在术后6个月获得骨性融合,未发现螺钉松动、移位,螺钉断裂,寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象。JOA评分由术前的7．1-2．8,改善至术后的13．3-2．1,P〈0．05。结论：寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术具有良好的复位效果,为寰枢椎不稳患者治疗提供了一种较好的内固定术式。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉术中复位固定融合术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

目的:总结应用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉术中提拉复位固定植骨融合术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的疗效。方法:2007年1月~2010年1月收治21例陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患者,男13例,女8例;年龄13~68岁,平均38.5岁。患者均有不同程度的枕颈部疼痛和活动受限,均伴有神经功能障碍,ASIA分级:B级2例,C级13例,D级6例;JOA评分4～14分,平均8.3分。根据Anderson和D′Alonzo分型,Ⅱ型骨折17例(81%),Ⅲ型骨折4例(19%)。MRI检查示18例患者有不同程度的脊髓受压,7例脊髓受压节段髓内出现T2加权像高信号改变。均为寰椎前脱位,术前均进行颅骨牵引术,15例(71.4%)可部分复位,6例(28.6%)不可复位。术前寰齿间距(atlanto-dens interval,ADI)9～15mm,平均12.3mm。均采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉术中提拉复位固定和植骨融合术,随访观察患者临床症状和神经功能改善情况,影像学检查寰枢椎复位和植骨融合情况。结果:患者均顺利完成手术,术中均未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤。共置入84枚寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉,术后X线片及三维CT检查3枚寰椎椎弓根螺钉内倾角偏小,螺钉部分穿破椎动脉孔内侧壁,椎动脉造影未见椎动脉损伤;1枚寰椎椎弓根螺钉内倾角过大,螺钉部分穿破椎管内侧壁,未出现新的神经损伤症状;其余螺钉位置满意。术后颈椎CT及MRI显示寰枢椎序列重建满意,齿状突区域脑脊液线清晰,脊髓无压迫,ADI为2～4mm,平均2.8mm。患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均20个月,术后6个月随访时3例患者的ASIA分级无改变,其余患者的神经功能明显改善,ASIA分级:C级3例,D级10例,E级8例;JOA评分为10～17分,平均14.6分,平均改善率为81.2%。1例患者植骨块有部分吸收,其余患者均在术后6个月获得骨性融合,融合率为95.2%;随访期间未发现螺钉松动、移位、断裂和寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象。结论:应用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉术中提拉复位技术治疗陈旧性齿突骨折并寰枢椎脱位可获得良好的临床效果。     

骨科：脊柱

后路经关节螺钉联合Brook融合术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折；寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗上颈椎损伤；经咽后入路手术治疗Hangman骨折；直视下微创椎弓根螺钉内固定的解剖学观察和临床应用；后前路联合入路治疗重症脊髓型颈椎病     

后路寰枢椎钉棒固定非融合治疗新鲜Ⅱ型齿状突骨折保留寰枢椎旋转功能的临床初探

目的:介绍寰枢椎后路钉棒固定非融合治疗新鲜Ⅱ型齿状突骨折保留寰枢椎旋转功能的临床初步疗效. 方法:2010年1月～2011年7月收治8例不适合前路齿状突螺钉固定的新鲜Ⅱ型齿状突骨折患者,其中骨折线呈前下后上型者5例,牵引后齿状突骨折复位不佳者3例;男6例,女2例;年龄21～56岁,平均38岁.在气管插管全麻下行一期后路寰枢椎钉棒固定,不进行后路植骨;待术后随访CT复查显示齿状突骨折骨性愈合后,二期后路手术取出内固定,观察寰枢椎旋转功能的恢复情况. 结果:8例患者均成功进行寰枢椎后路钉棒固定,共置入直径3.5mm的寰椎、枢椎螺钉各16枚,其中寰椎采用椎弓根螺钉固定13枚、部分经椎弓根螺钉固定3枚,枢椎采用椎弓根螺钉固定11枚、椎板螺钉固定5枚;术中齿状突骨折复位满意,未发生椎动脉、脊髓损伤一期术后随访12～24个月,平均16个月,末次随访CT复查显示8例患者齿状突骨折均获得骨性愈合,颈椎左、右旋转均约35°～55°,平均约45°. 二期后路钉棒内固定取出术后颈椎旋转功能即刻得到部分恢复,颈椎左、右旋转均约50°～70°,平均约60°;随访6～12个月后颈椎旋转功能基本恢复正常,颈椎左、右旋转均约80°～90°,平均约85°.结论:对不适合前路齿状突螺钉固定的新鲜Ⅱ型齿状突骨折患者,采用一期后路寰枢椎钉棒固定非融合、二期取出内固定的方法可保留寰枢椎的旋转功能.     

Subcapital fracture complicating an intertrochanteric fracture

A previously undescribed type of fracture of the neck of femur occurred following intertrochanteric fracture fixation with a McLaughlin nail plate in an 80-year-old woman. This complication was probably caused by prolonged non-weight-bearing and inadequate fixation. The complication possibly could have been avoided by use of a dynamic hip screw and early weight-bearing.     

Bone fracture and bone fracture repair

Fracture healing is a multistage repair process that involves complex, well-orchestrated steps initiated in response to tissue injury. The early upregulation of IL-6, osteoprotegerin (OPG), VEGF, and BMPs indicates a central role for these factors in the initiation of cartilage and periosteal woven bone formation. In both callus fracture repair and stress fracture repair, the RANKL/OPG ratio is initially reduced, but peaks earlier in stress fracture healing than callus fracture healing. Though the understanding of the biological processes and molecular signals that coordinate fracture repair has advanced, the cause of variability observed in fracture repair is poorly understood.     

Bimalleolar ankle fracture with proximal fibular fracture

A 56-year-old female patient suffered a bimalleolar ankle fracture with an additional proximal fibular fracture. This is an unusual fracture type, seldom reported in literature. It was operatively treated by open reduction and internal fixation of the lateral malleolar fracture. The proximal fibular fracture was initially not found. Pathogenesis of the fracture seems most likely to be a pronation-eversion trauma, with an additional direct proximal fibular fracture. By reviewing this unusual case, it becomes clear that thorough examination of a trauma patient is very important. Secondary survey might be useful, since additional findings might appear. Treatment just using AO basic principles, will likely result in a satisfactory patient outcome.     

Talar body fracture combined with bimalleolar fracture

The incidence of talar fractures is relatively low affecting usually young patients, while recent epidemiological studies have shown that talar body fractures represent a significant proportion of the total number of talar fractures. Talar body fractures are usually high-energy injuries and often a combined talar neck and body fracture is noted. An association between talar body fractures and ankle fractures has also been recorded involving the medial or lateral malleolus. The only report of a talar fracture combined with a bimalleolar ankle fracture that was found in the literature is referred to a talar neck fracture. In this report, a combination of a talar body fracture and bimalleolar ankle fracture in a polytraumatised young patient is presented. This combined injury pattern seems to be very rare, since a similar case was not found in the literature. An open reduction and internal fixation of the talar body fracture as well as the bimalleolar fracture, followed by a prolonged non-weight bearing, led to a fracture healing with no evidence of osteonecrosis. Minimal osteoarthritic changes of the tibiotalar joint were noted at 3 years follow-up with satisfactory functional results.     

伴软骨损伤的Hoffa骨折1例

患者,男,31岁,2019年11月29日因扭伤致右膝部疼痛肿胀、膝关节活动受限,于当地医院诊断为右股骨外侧髁骨折.为进一步治疗,于2019年12月3日至山东省中医院就诊,诊断为右Hoffa骨折.CT 检查显示:右股骨外侧髁骨折,右膝关节积液.MRI 显示:① 右膝关节积液;② 右股骨远端外髁骨折,右胫骨近段及髌骨有骨挫...     

Lateral femoral neck fracture as a fatigue fracture

We report about a stress fracture of the lateral neck of femur of a 51 years old sportsman which was operated with an angled blade plate 130 degrees. Stressfractures of the femur are very uncommon. Pathogenetic factores are biomechanical changes or reactions of the bone system caused by repeated excessive mechanical stresses which lead to change of microcrystalline structure of the anorganic components of the bone and, if stress continues, to fracture after on initial fissure.     

Acetabular fracture

A twenty-eight-year-old female bicyclist was struck by a car. Associated injuries after trauma work-up included a splenic laceration that is to be treated with observation and a history of loss of consciousness with a negative head CT. X-rays and representative CT scan cuts are enclosed.