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1.
Background
Bacterial infections complicate the course of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The purpose of this study was to describe the bacterial pathogens causing blood stream infection, identify the risk factors for the development of blood stream infection and determine the impact of blood stream infection on the outcome of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 相似文献2.
Background
Health staff in Afghanistan may be at high risk of needle stick injury and occupational infection with blood borne pathogens, but we have not found any published or unpublished data. 相似文献3.
Background
Diarrhea is common in HIV/AIDS patients, caused by both classic enteric pathogens and different opportunistic agents. Infection with these different pathogens may lead to similar radiological findings, thus causing diagnostic confusion. 相似文献4.
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of de-escalating antimicrobial therapy in immunocompetent patients presenting with bacteraemia due to antibiotic-sensitive pathogens. 相似文献5.
Background
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are common pathogens in patients with HIV infection. 相似文献6.
B. A. Lipsky Y. P. Tabak R. S. Johannes L. Vo L. Hyde J. A. Weigelt 《Diabetologia》2010,53(5):914-923
Aims/hypothesis
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) cause substantial morbidity in persons with diabetes. There are few data on pathogens or risk factors associated with important outcomes in diabetic patients hospitalised with SSTIs. 相似文献7.
Elisabeth G. W. Huijskens John W. A. Rossen Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans Adri G. M. van der Zanden Marion Koopmans 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2014,8(2):243-249
Background
For the detection of respiratory pathogens, the sampling strategy may influence the diagnostic yield. Ideally, samples from the lower respiratory tract are collected, but they are difficult to obtain.Objectives
In this study, we compared the diagnostic yield in sputum and oropharyngeal samples (OPS) for the detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with the objective to optimize our diagnostic testing algorithm.Methods
Matched sputum samples, OPS, blood cultures, serum, and urine samples were taken from patients (>18 years) with CAP and tested for the presence of possible respiratory pathogens using bacterial cultures, PCR for 17 viruses and five bacteria and urinary antigen testing.Results
When using only conventional methods, that is, blood cultures, sputum culture, urinary antigen tests, a pathogen was detected in 49·6% of patients (n = 57). Adding molecular detection assays increased the yield to 80%. A pathogen was detected in 77 of the 115 patients in OPS or sputum samples by PCR. The sensitivity of the OPS was lower than that of the sputum samples (57% versus 74%). In particular, bacterial pathogens were more often detected in sputum samples. The sensitivity of OPS for the detection of most viruses was higher than in sputum samples (72% versus 66%), except for human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.Conclusion
Addition of PCR on both OPS and sputum samples significantly increased the diagnostic yield. For molecular detection of bacterial pathogens, a sputum sample is imperative, but for detection of most viral pathogens, an OPS is sufficient. 相似文献8.
Background
Septicaemia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the developing world. This pattern has changed little in the past decade. Physical signs and symptoms, though useful in identifying possible cases have limited specificity. Definitive diagnosis is by bacteriologic culture of blood samples to identify organisms and establish antibiotic susceptibility. These results are usually not available promptly. Therefore a knowledge of epidemiologic and antimicribial susceptibility pattern of common pathogens is useful for prompt treatment of patients. This report highlights the pattern of bacterial isolates in our environment from a retrospective study of our patients' records. 相似文献9.
Antonietta Lambiase Valeria Raia Del Mariassunta Pezzo Angela Sepe Vincenzo Carnovale Fabio Rossano 《BMC infectious diseases》2006,6(1):4
Background
Recent reports document an increasing incidence of new Gram-negative pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from patients with Cystic Fibrosis, along with an increase in common Gram-negative pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex. Furthermore, the increase in multidrug-resistance of such organisms makes the therapeutic management of these patients more problematic. Therefore, careful isolation and identification, and accurate studies of susceptibility to antibiotics are critical for predicting the spread of strains, improving therapeutic measures and facilitating our understanding of the epidemiology of emerging pathogens. The first aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the prevalence of colonization by Gram-negative organisms isolated from respiratory samples of Cystic Fibrosis patients in the Regional Referral Cystic Fibrosis Centre of Naples; the second was to evaluate the spectrum of multidrug-resistance of these organisms. 相似文献10.
Suzan Sacar Huseyin Turgut Semra Toprak Bayram Cirak Erdal Coskun Ozlem Yilmaz Koray Tekin 《BMC infectious diseases》2006,6(1):43
Background
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are used for intracranial pressure management and temporary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CSF shunts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features, pathogens, and outcomes of 22 patients with CSF shunt infections collected over 4 years. 相似文献11.
Background
Home care has become popular in the management of hemato-oncologic patients. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to assess whether tap water from the domestic environment of neutropenic patients poses a risk for infections from the waterborne pathogens nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Legionella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 相似文献12.
Brittany C Eckstein Daniel A Adams Elizabeth C Eckstein Agam Rao Ajay K Sethi Gopala K Yadavalli Curtis J Donskey 《BMC infectious diseases》2007,7(1):61
Background
Contaminated environmental surfaces may play an important role in transmission of some healthcare-associated pathogens. In this study, we assessed the adequacy of cleaning practices in rooms of patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization or infection and examined whether an intervention would result in improved decontamination of surfaces. 相似文献13.
Background
Reports on patients with European Lyme borreliosis in whom borreliae were isolated from the blood are rare and nearly exclusively limited to those with solitary or multiple erythema migrans. Here we report on patients with other manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in whom borreliae were isolated from their blood. 相似文献14.
Background
Several studies have reported higher rates of antimicrobial resistance among isolates from intensive care units than among isolates from general patient-care areas. The aims of this study were to review the pathogens associated with nosocomial infections in a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey and to summarize rates of antimicrobial resistance in the most common pathogens. The survey was conducted over a period of twelve months in a tertiary-care teaching hospital located in the south-eastern part of Turkey, Gaziantep. A total of 871 clinical specimens from 615 adult patients were collected. From 871 clinical specimens 771 bacterial and fungal isolates were identified. 相似文献15.
Regis G Rosa Rodrigo P dos Santos Luciano Z Goldani 《The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology》2014,25(1):e14-e17
BACKGROUND:
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are currently the most common isolates recovered from the blood of patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia (FN).OBJECTIVES:
To assess the mortality associated with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by CoNS in cancer patients with FN.METHODS:
A prospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary hospital from October 2009 to August 2011. Follow-ups were performed on all of the adult patients who were admitted to the hematology ward with cancer and FN. Bacteremia caused by CoNS was defined as two positive results of two independent cultures. Twenty-eight days after the onset of FN, the mortality rates of the patients with BSIs caused by CoNS were compared with those of patients with BSIs caused by other pathogens.RESULTS:
A total of 169 subjects were evaluated. During the study period, 78 patients with BSIs were documented. Twenty-three BSIs (29.4%) were a result of CoNS. CoNS-induced bacteremia resulted in lower 28-day mortality compared with bacteremia caused by other pathogens (4.3% versus 32.7%; log-rank P=0.009). In a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, BSIs caused by CoNS were independently associated with lower mortality (HR 0.09 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.74]).CONCLUSIONS:
In adult patients with cancer and FN, BSIs caused by CoNS were associated with lower mortality compared with BSIs caused by other pathogens. 相似文献16.
Galo Peralta M Blanca Sánchez J Carlos Garrido Begoña Ceballos Fátima Mateos Inés De Benito M Pía Roiz 《BMC infectious diseases》2010,10(1):181
Background
Altered blood glucose concentration is commonly observed in patients with sepsis, even among those without hypoglycemic treatments or history of diabetes mellitus. These alterations in blood glucose are potentially detrimental, although the precise relationship with outcome in patients with bacteremia has not been yet determined. 相似文献17.
Frances Cirino Wilmore C Webley Corrie West Nancy L Croteau Chester Andrzejewski Elizabeth S Stuart 《BMC infectious diseases》2006,6(1):23
Background
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) are medically significant infectious agents associated with various chronic human pathologies. Nevertheless, specific roles in disease progression or initiation are incompletely defined. Both pathogens infect established cell lines in vitro and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has detected Chlamydia DNA in various clinical specimens as well as in normal donor peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). However, Chlamydia infection of other blood cell types, quantification of Chlamydia infected cells in peripheral blood and transmission of this infection in vitro have not been examined. 相似文献18.
Susan R. Heckbert Carolyn M. Rutter Malia Oliver Lisa H. Williams Paul Ciechanowski Elizabeth H. B. Lin Wayne J. Katon Michael Von Korff 《Journal of general internal medicine》2010,25(6):524-529
Background
Little information is available about the association of depression with long-term control of glycemia, blood pressure, or lipid levels in patients with diabetes. 相似文献19.
Claudia Dalla Valle Rosalia Maria Pasca Debora De Vitis Federico Capra Marzani Vincenzo Emmi Piero Marone 《BMC infectious diseases》2009,9(1):137-5
Background
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major nosocomial pathogens. Due to the diffusion of MRSA strains in both hospital and community settings, prevention and control strategies are receiving increased attention. Approximately 25% to 30% of the population is colonised with S. aureus and 0.2% to 7% with MRSA. The BD GeneOhm MRSA real-time PCR assay offers quicker identification of MRSA-colonised patients than do culture methods. 相似文献20.