人乳头状瘤病毒16型结构蛋白L1和L2在大肠埃希菌 …

目的　研究人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)主要结构蛋白L1(HPV16L1)和次要结构蛋白L2(HPV16L2)在原核系统的表达。方法　采用pET30a载体分别构建pET30aL1和pET30aL2质粒,并分别转入大肠埃希菌BL21菌株,经IPTG(异丙基硫代βD半乳糖苷)诱导,表达融合蛋白6×HisL1和6×HisL2,用SDSPAGE和Westernblot方法进行检测。结果　6×HisL1和6×HisL2融合蛋白在BL21菌中高效表达,约2～3mgml,其相对分子质量分别约为60000和97000;6×HisL1降解较6×HisL2多。结论　HPV16结构蛋白L1和L2能在原核表达系统高效表达;6×HisL2稳定性高于6×HisL1融合蛋白。     

Differential activation of T cell cytokine production by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway

Stimulation of T cells via the T cell receptor (TCR) activates a number of signaling pathways that are potentially involved in the elicitation of physiological responses, such as the production of cytokines. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) are a group of molecules activated in response to TCR ligation, whose role in T cell cytokine production is controversial. In this study, we have asked whether ERK activation is coupled to the production of a number of T cell-derived cytokines, and whether particular cytokines are differentially affected by ERK activation. To address these questions, we have utilized a constitutively active version of the immediate upstream activator of both ERK1 and ERK2, mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (MEK1), to activate ERK signaling selectively in the absence of other TCR-activated signaling pathways. The effect of constitutive MEK/ERK activation on T cell cytokine production was measured by transiently co-transfecting newly activated mouse T cells with DNA encoding constitutively active MEK1 (CA-MEK1) and the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor α chain (hCD25), purifying hCD25⁺ transfectants by flow-cytometric cell sorting, and measuring the production of IL-3, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-γ and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) either in the presence or absence of ionomycin stimulation. Newly activated T cells were used in these experiments as they more closely resemble T cells activated in vivo than do transformed T cells or long-term established T cell clones. CA-MEK1 expression led to constitutive ERK activation, which acted synergystically with ionomycin treatment to stimulate cytokine production. Furthermore, these experiments revealed a hierarchy of cytokine responsiveness to MEK/ERK activation, such that the production of IL-3 was most affected, followed by GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-4.     

北京地区人乳头瘤病毒16型感染及其E6/E7基因变异与宫颈病变的相关性研究

目的探讨HPV16感染及其E6/E7基因变异与宫颈病变的相关性。方法采用导流杂交技术进行HPV感染分型检测,PCR扩增出80份HPV16阳性宫颈病变的E6/E7基因、克隆入pMD18-T载体,双向测序分析基因变异与宫颈病变相关性。结果HPV16在宫颈病变患者中的检出率最高为33.3%(154/463),与病变程度相关(P<0.05)。E6/E7基因72份测序成功,DNA序列变异发生率为88.9%(64/72)。氨基酸序列E6-D32E(T96G)和E7-N29S(A86G)位点突变同时伴随存在,D32E/N29S的检出率为38.9%(28/72),与宫颈病变程度相关(P<0.05)。结论HPV16是北京地区来源的宫颈病变中最常见的致病型,其D32E/N29S变异与病变程度相关。     

High levels of p105 (NFKB1) and p100 (NFKB2) proteins in HPV16-transformed keratinocytes: role of E6 and E7 oncoproteins

We have previously shown that functional components of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway are up-regulated and sequestered in the cytoplasm of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-transformed cell lines leading to a reduced activity of NF-kappaB. In this study, we examined the expression of the NF-kappaB precursors p100 and p105 in keratinocytes transformed or not by HPV16. Western immunoblotting experiments demonstrated high levels of p100 and p105 proteins not only in HPV16+ cervical carcinoma-derived keratinocytes but also in keratinocytes stably transfected by HPV16 E6 or E7 oncogenes. Moreover, p100 and p105 proteins were predominantly cytoplasmic and nuclear in keratinocytes expressing E7 and E6, respectively. A predominantly cytoplasmic localization of E7 protein was also detected in all keratinocytes expressing E7. Our results suggest that HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins modulate the expression and the subcellular localization of p100 and p105 NF-kappaB precursors.     

Reconstitution of a functional interleukin (IL)-7 receptor demonstrates that the IL-2 receptor γ chain is required for IL-7 signal transduction

The interleukin (IL)-2 receptor γ chain has recently been shown to be a component of the IL-7 and IL-4 receptors. Using a transient transfection assay and the trans-activation of reporter gene constructs which are under the control of cytokine-responsive promoter elements, we have studied signal transduction through the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). The reporter gene expression was not stimulated by receptors that contained the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-7R, either as intact IL-7R or as part of a chimeric receptor. However, co-expression of the IL-7R with the IL-2 receptor γ chain was able to stimulate gene activation. For maximal stimulation the intact cytoplasmic domains of each chain was required.     

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-E6/E7 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) protein levels in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

BACKGROUND: About 90% of cervical cancers and advanced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II/III) are squamous epithelial cells with mRNA for human papillomavirus (HPV)16 and 18 and up-regulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). Since presence of proteins rather than mRNA may be truly indicative of active infection or disease progression, establishing reliable methods for quantifying these proteins in cervical biopsies is important. METHOD: We have established an objective semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay to reliably assess the levels of HPV-E6/E7 and EGF-R proteins in the cervical biopsies from 12 normal women, five women with CIN I, 15 with CIN II/III and ten with cervical cancer. RESULTS: HPV-E6/E7 and EGF-R, when present, were specific to para-basal, basal and squamous epithelial cells (negative in stromal cells). Nine of ten women with cervical cancer and 15 (14 CIN II/III; 1 CIN I) of 20 women with CIN were positive for HPV-E6/E7. All 12 controls were HPV-negative. The controls and six women with CIN (four with CIN I) negative for HPV had low levels of EGF-R. The only exception was one woman with cervical cancer negative for HPV, with high levels of EGF-R. Levels of HPV-E6/E7 and EGF-R were significantly higher (P < 0.001 vs. controls) in women with advanced CIN II and III (P< 0.05 vs. controls in CIN I) and cervical cancer. The HPV-E6/E7 and EGF-R levels correlated significantly (r = 18.98; P < 0.001, by linear regression analysis). CONCLUSION: We have established a highly specific and sensitive semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay for measuring levels of HPV-E6/E7 proteins and EGF-R in archival cervical biopsies. Our data suggest an association between HPV-E6/E7 and EGF-R.     

Angiotensin-(1-7)对血管平滑肌细胞钙化的影响及信号转导通路

目的： 在钙化大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞上观察血管紧张素-(1-7)［Angiotensin-(1-7)］对钙化的影响及其信号通道。方法: 用β-磷酸甘油制备钙化的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞，再以血管紧张素-(1-7)、血管紧张素Ⅱ、血管紧张素Ⅱ +血管紧张素-(1-7)、选择性蛋白激酶A（PKA）或蛋白激酶C（PKC）抑制剂等干预，通过Von Kossa染色及检测钙含量、碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素浓度和Cbfa1 mRNA表达来探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ对钙化的影响及其信号通道。结果: 血管紧张素-(1-7)抑制钙化大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的钙含量、碱性磷酸酶活性（P>0.05）、骨钙素浓度和Cbfa1 mRNA表达（P<0.05），也抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ对血管平滑肌细胞的钙含量、碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素浓度和Cbfa1 mRNA表达的促进作用（P<0.05）；血管紧张素-(1-7)提高血管平滑肌细胞内cAMP浓度（P<0.05），PKA抑制剂可阻断血管紧张素-(1-7)对钙化血管平滑肌细胞的钙含量、碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素浓度和Cbfa1 mRNA表达的抑制作用（P<0.05）。结论: 血管紧张素-(1-7)可抑制β-磷酸甘油诱导的血管平滑肌细胞钙化，并拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ促进的血管平滑肌细胞钙化；这些效应与cAMP-PKA-Cbfa1信号途径有关。     

人B7-2(CD86) IgV+C段高效原核表达及活性测定

目的克隆、表达B7-2(IgV+C)并进行体外功能测定.方法用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术从B7-2 cDNA中克隆B7-2(IgV+C),在此基础上构建表达B7-2(IgV+C)的原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3/hB7-2(IgV+C);SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达,蛋白经变性、复性后在体外协同抗CD3单抗刺激人T细胞,3H-TdR掺入法检测T细胞的活化程度.结果在原核表达载体中成功地克隆了B7-2(IgV+C),SDS-PAGE表明在相对分子质量(Mr)55×103处有hB7-2(IgV+C)/GST融合蛋白的高效表达,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的33%.体外实验证明,此融合蛋白可协同抗CD3单抗刺激人T细胞活化.结论重组蛋白B7-2(IgV+C)在第一信号存在下可活化T细胞,即具有共刺激活性.