应用还原型谷胱甘肽预防处理接受TACE治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌患者对肝功能的影响

目的 探讨应用还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）预防处理接受经肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌（PLC）患者对肝功能的影响。方法 2010年2月~2014年7月我院收治138例PLC患者,被随机分为观察组71例和对照组67例,均接受TACE治疗,观察组在TACE术后加用GSH治疗7 d。结果 在治疗后3 m复查CT评估近期疗效,结果观察组部分缓解和疾病稳定率分别为23.9%和60.6%,与对照组的20.9%和58.2%比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）;在治疗后10 d复查,观察组血清ALT和AST水平分别为（75.4±18.9） U/L和（101.6±18.4）U/L,显著低于对照组【（98.6±20.4） U/L和（121.2±30.4） U/L,P<0.05】;在治疗后2 w观察,观察组胃肠反应、白细胞减少、血红蛋白减少和血小板减少发生率分别为26.8%、22.5%、19.7%和2.8%,而对照组则分别为32.8%（P<0.05）、28.4%、29.9%（P<0.05）和6.0%;观察组和对照组患者6 m生存率分别为91.5%（65/71）和85.1%（57/67）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,1 a生存率分别为84.5%（60/71）和61.2%（41/67）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 应用还原型谷胱甘肽预防处理接受经肝动脉介入化疗栓塞治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌患者,可减轻肝功能损害,降低不良反应程度,提高患者舒适感。     

TACE术后接受恩替卡韦治疗血清HBV DNA阴性的中晚期原发性肝癌患者生存率研究

目的 观察抗病毒治疗对血清HBV DNA阴性的中晚期肝癌患者中远期生存率的影响。方法 82例血清HBV DNA阴性的中晚期肝癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组41例和对照组41例。在对照组,行经肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）治疗,观察组在TACE术基础上联合恩替卡韦进行抗病毒治疗。比较两组客观缓解率、疾病控制率、治疗48周和96周肝功能指标、2 a和3 a疾病无进展生存（PFS）和总生存（OS）时间。结果 术后8周,观察组和对照组客观缓解率分别为53.6%和50.3%,疾病控制率分别为82.9%和85.5% （均P>0.05）;两组治疗前后血清TBIL、ALT、INR、AFP水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组3 a DFS和OS分别为61.0%和73.2%,显著高于对照组的36.6%和51.2% （P<0.05）;观察组血清HBV DNA转阳率为2.4%,显著低于对照组的19.5%（P<0.05）。结论 血清HBV DNA阴性的中晚期肝癌患者在TACE术后应用恩替卡韦进行抗病毒治疗可提高生存率,避免HBV DNA转阳,使患者远期获益。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合肝叶切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者临床疗效观察

目的 观察肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合肿瘤切除手术治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的临床疗效。方法 2015年10月~2016年10月我院诊治的PLC患者95例,其中47例接受TACE治疗,48例在TACE治疗后1月行手术切除肿瘤治疗,观察并对比两组患者病灶根除和生存率情况。结果 联合组术后病灶清除率、术后1 a生存率、2 a生存率分别为100.0%、83.3%和68.8%,均显著高于TACE组的53.2%、61.7%和46.8%（P<0.05）,术后复发率为16.7%,明显低于对照组的51.1%（P<0.05）;治疗后联合组肝功能指标改善情况显著优于TACE组（P<0.05）;TACE组患者术后出现肺栓塞5例,肿瘤破裂出血2例,肺部感染3例,而联合组出现肺栓塞2例,肝断面胆瘘1例,肿瘤破裂出血1例,肺部感染1例（P<0.05）。结论 在TACE术后再行手术切除肿瘤治疗PLC患者具有一定的临床应用价值。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌

目的分析肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法原发性肝癌的患者60例,随机分为对照组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术)30例,病例组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术)30例,对比研究两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果病例组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者第1年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组第2、3、5年生存率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌具有较好的临床疗效,能提高患者远期生存率,安全性与单一行肝动脉化疗栓塞术无显著性差异。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合超声引导下微波消融术治疗特殊部位原发性肝癌患者疗效及安全性分析 *

目的 分析经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合超声引导下微波消融术治疗特殊部位肝细胞癌（HCC）患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2012年1月~2015年1月我院收治的特殊部位HCC患者（观察组）36例和同期收治的普通部位HCC患者36例（对照组）,采用TACE联合超声引导下微波消融术治疗,并在治疗完成后对两组患者进行为期2年的随访,比较临床治疗效果和不良反应发生情况,应用Kaplan-Meier法分析患者生存情况。结果 近期考核,观察组完全缓解、部分缓解、疾病稳定和疾病进展发生率分别为44.4%、25.0%、19.5%和11.1%,与对照组的47.2%、27.8%、16.7%和8.3%比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组血清AFP阴转率为84.4%,与对照组的83.9%比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组6 m、1 a、18 m和2 a生存率分别为94.4%、88.9%、69.4%和44.4%,与对照组的100.0%、91.7%、75.0%和47.2%比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者在术后肝区疼痛、发热、食欲减退和肝功能轻度异常等不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 采用TACE联合超声引导下微波消融术治疗特殊部位的肝癌患者,其疗效和安全性均较好,但在操作过程中,需做好各种应激准备,精心处理,防止并发症的发生。     

TACE联合131I美妥昔单克隆抗体治疗介入术后复发的肝细胞癌患者疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合¹³¹I美妥昔单克隆抗体治疗经介入术后复发的肝细胞癌患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取我院2013年5月至2014年8月收治的经TACE治疗后复发的肝细胞癌患者58例,其中29例接受TACE联合美妥昔单抗治疗,29例只接受TACE治疗。通过导管将¹³¹I美妥昔单克隆抗体5 ml （0.75 mCi/kg）注射入靶血管,再进行常规TACE治疗。随访12 m,比较两者疗效、生存率和不良反应。结果美妥昔单抗组与对照组总有效率分别为55.17%和31.03%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后1 w复查,与治疗前比,美妥昔单抗组白蛋白水平显著下降（P<0.05）,胆红素水平显著升高（P<0.05）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与治疗前比,对照组白蛋白水平显著下降（P<0.05）,胆红素水平显著升高（P<0.05）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）; 美妥昔单抗组不良反应发生率为10.34%,对照组不良反应发生率为3.45%（P>0.05）;美妥昔单抗组1 a生存率为55.17%,对照组为48.27%（Log-rank检验统计量为5.782,P=0.016）;治疗组和对照组平均疾病进展时间为（4.83±4.10） m和（2.54±2.07） m,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论TACE联合¹³¹I美妥昔单克隆抗体治疗经介入术后复发的肝细胞癌患者的临床疗效优于单纯TACE治疗,且安全可行。     

冷循环微波消融联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效及安全性研究

目的 探讨冷循环微波消融联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌患者的疗效和安全性。方法 将72例原发性肝癌患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组36例。给予观察组冷循环微波消融联合TACE治疗,对照组行单纯TACE治疗,比较总有效率、生存率、血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）变化和不良反应。结果 在治疗后6个月,观察组总有效率（88.9%）显著高于对照组（69.4%,x²=4.12,P=0.04）;观察组2 a生存率（66.7%）显著高于对照组（41.7%,x²=4.5,P=0.03）;观察组血清AFP下降率（83.3%）显著高于对照组（61.1%,P<0.05）;所有患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论 冷循环微波消融联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者安全有效。     

原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合二期手术切除的临床探讨

目的分析对原发性肝癌患者采用肝动脉化疗栓塞术与二期手术切除联合治疗的临床疗效。方法选取我院2012年2月至2015年2月收治的80例原发性肝癌患者作为本次研究对象,平均分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组行肝动脉化疗栓塞术,观察组行肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合二期手术切除。术后1周比较2组肝功能各项指标、临床疗效,随访1年后比较2组生存率、生存质量。结果观察组的临床疗效为95.0%,对照组为67.5%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组1年后的生存率为72.5%,明显高于对照组的42.5%,且观察组1年后的生存质量评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后1周的肝功能各项指标,包括AST、ALT、TBil、DBil、IBil、TP、Alb、PA等均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合二期手术切除治疗,可有效提高患者的临床疗效、1年后生存率,改善其肝功能各项指标及生存质量。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌患者临床疗效评价*

目的 评价经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）与射频消融（RFA）联合治疗原发性肝癌患者的临床疗效。方法 采用随机数字表法将60例原发性肝癌患者分为联合组30例和TACE组30例,分别给予TACE联合RFA或TACE治疗,对比分析两组患者的近期和远期临床疗效。结果 联合组完全缓解和部分缓解率分别为26.7%和50.0%,显著高于TACE组的6.7%和23.3%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组患者生存时间为（2.86±0.48）年,显著长于TACE组的（0.93±0.27） 年,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组患者治疗后1年、2年、3年血清AFP水平分别为（475.4±200.7） μg/L、（416.4±229.0） μg/L、（320.4±243.5） μg/L,显著低于TACE组的（639.1±190.9） μg/L、（623.4±234.6） μg/L、（674.4±300.2） μg/L,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合组患者1 a、2 a、3 a生存率分别为86.7%、66.7%、56.7%,显著高于TACE组的46.7%、26.7%、10.0%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 TACE与RFA联合治疗原发性肝癌患者,临床疗效显著。     

中西医结合治疗原发性肝癌的生存指导意义

目的肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合中药原发性肝癌的生存指导意义。方法选取我院2014年10~2106年3月接收并诊治的原发性肝癌患者200例分为研究组100例与对照组100例。所有患者均给予肝动脉化疗栓塞术进行治疗;研究组加用中成药物支持治疗。比较观察两组的生存率。结果研究组近期疗效优于对照组,且组间差异拥有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗1年后、2年后、3年后的生存率比较差异具有显著性(P0.05),支持治疗配合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌有利于提高患者生存率;两组肝功能指标(TBIL、ALP、ALA、ASA)比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌具有较好的治疗效果,在此基础上,加用中成药物支持则可进一步提高生存率,改善患者肝功能,具有临床参考价值。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.