Effects of cigarette smoking on the circadian rhythm of heart rate variability

BACKGROUND: The effects of cigarette smoking on the circadian rhythm of heart rate variability (HRV) are not known. METHODS: We studied the effects of cigarette smoking on the circadian rhythm of HRV in 24 smoking and 21 non-smoking healthy subjects. Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiograms were recorded and time domain parameters of HRV (SDNN [standard deviation of all R-R intervals], SDANN [standard deviation of the averages of R-R intervals in all 5-minute segments of the entire recording], RMSSD [the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R-R intervals]) were determined for the entire 24-hour period and for each 3-hour period. RESULTS: In total, SDNN and SDANN were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers (116 +/- 26 vs 136 +/- 27, p < 0.05 for SDNN, 109 +/- 25 vs 121 +/- 24, p < 0.05 for SDANN). However, there were no statistical differences between smokers and non-smokers in heart rate (81 +/- 9 vs 76 +/- 10, p > 0.05) and RMSSD (32 +/- 12 vs 37 +/- 18, p > 0.05). These HRV parameters showed a circadian variation: they increased at night and decreased during the day in both groups. The parameters were lower in smokers than non-smokers during daytime (especially, between 8-14 hours). However, no differences were detected during night-time. CONCLUSIONS: Time domain parameters of HRV (SDNN, SDANN and RMSSD) in both smoking and non-smoking healthy subjects have a circadian rhythm. SDNN and SDANN were lower in smokers than non-smokers during daytime.     

老年急性心肌梗塞心率变异时域分析

目的分析急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）后老年患者心率变异（ＨＲＶ）时域指标，了解ＡＭＩ后ＨＲＶ变化。方法以多单位协作方式对１５７例ＡＭＩ后２周的老年患者行动态心电图检测ＨＲＶ时域法５项指标，并与健康老年组对比分析。数据经ＥｐｉＩｎｆｏ（６．０）统计软件处理。结果①ＡＭＩ患者的正常Ｒ－Ｒ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）、平均值的标准差（ＳＤＡＮＮ）和标准差的平均值（ＳＤＮＮＩｎｄｅｘ）低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而相邻正常Ｒ－Ｒ间期差值的均方根（ＲＭＳＳＤ）和相邻正常Ｒ－Ｒ差值大于５０ｍｓ记数占总Ｒ－Ｒ间期数的百分比（ＰＮＮ５０）虽低于对照组，但无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。②ＡＭＩ后ＨＲＶ时域５项指标男、女性别间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。③ＳＤＮＮ、ＳＤＡＮＮ和ＳＤＮＮＩｎ－ｄｅｘ在心肌梗塞各部位间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＲＭＳＳＤ和ＰＮＮ５０前间壁低于下壁心肌梗塞（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论老年人ＡＭＩ后ＨＲＶ降低。反映交感神经活性的ＳＤＮＮ、ＳＤＡＮＮ和ＳＤＮＮＩｎｄｅｘ和反映迷走神经活性的ＲＭＳＳＤ和ＰＮＮ５０２组指标变化不相同。     

原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者心率变异性与心脏变时功能不全的特点及相关性

目的 探讨原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的心率变异性和心脏变时功能不全特点. 方法 原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者与健康人各40例,行24 h动态心电图检查,计算心脏变异性指标SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50;行平板运动试验检查,计算运动中最大心率、心脏变时指数、心率储备率,分析心脏变时指数和心率储备率与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50的相关性. 结果 原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者SDNN、SDANN 、RMSSD、PNN50均较健康者降低（P〈0.01）.最大心率、心脏变时指数、心率储备率明显低于健康者（P〈0.01）;SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD及PNN50与心脏变时指数（r=0.522、0.472、0.337、0.321）和心率储备率（r=0.541、0.480、0.351、0.285）均存在明显正相关. 结论 原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经受损明显,表现为迷走神经功能减退和交感神经兴奋性增高.     

Assessing heart rate variability from real-world Holter reports

Real world clinical Holter reports are often difficult to interpret from a heart rate variability(HRV) perspective. In many cases HRV software is absent. Step-by-step HRV assessment from clinicalHolter reports includes: making sure that there is enough usable data, assessing maximum and minimum heart rates,assessing circadian HRV from hourly average heart rates, and assessing HRV from the histogram of R-R intervals andfrom the plot of R-R intervals or heart rate vs. time. If HRV data are available, time domain HRV is easiest tounderstand and less sensitive to scanning errors. SDNN (the standard deviation of all N-N intervals inms) and SDANN (the standard deviation of the 5-min average of N-N intervals in ms) are easilyinterpreted. SDNN < 70 ms post-MI is a cut point for increased mortality risk. Two times ln SDANN is a goodsurrogate for ln ultra low frequency power and can be compared with published cut points. SDNNIDX (theaverage of the standard deviations of N-N intervals for each 5-min in ms) < 30 ms is associated withincreased risk in patients with congestive heart failure. RMSSD (the root mean square of successive N-Ninterval difference in ms) < 17.5 ms has also been associated with increased risk post-myocardialinfarction. Frequency domain HRV values are often not comparable to published data. However, graphical powerspectral plots can provide additional information about whether the HRV pattern is normal and can also identifysome patients with obstructive sleep apnea.     

心得安改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定心率变异性的研究

探讨β受体阻滞剂心得安是否可以改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定的心率变异性(HRV)。将101例观察对象随机分为对照组(只使用心痛定,n=49)和试验组(使用心痛定和心得安,n=52),分别在服药前及服药后7～10天做24h动态心电图检测,分析HRV指标:正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5min平均RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR之差的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻RR之差>50ms占总窦性心搏的百分数(PNN50)、低频(LF)、高频(HF)、低频和高频比值(LF/HF)。结果:对照组在治疗后心率(HR)加快,SDNN、SDANN显著降低(分别为105.2±31.8msvs126.9±32.0ms、98.9±20.1msvs107.9±19.8ms,P均<0.05),LF、LF/HF升高(分别229.3±77.1Hzvs196.1±64.8Hz、5.4±1.9vs3.8±1.8,P均<0.05),HRV降低;而试验组在治疗后心率无明显改变,SDNN、SDANN、LF、HF升高(分别为140.1±29.8msvs129.1±31.9ms、127.8±21.1msvs108.2±20.1ms、209.8±70.1Hzvs197.3±65.1Hz、148.5±48.8Hzvs123.5±41.0Hz,P均<0.05),LF/HF降低(P<0.05),治疗组HRV升高。结论:心得安能改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定的HRV。     

Effect of nesiritide (human b-type natriuretic peptide) and dobutamine on heart rate variability in decompensated heart failure

Background

Previous studies have suggested that natriuretic peptides may have direct sympathoinhibitory effects. Nesiritide (recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide) has been recently approved for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF). We sought to assess the effects of nesiritide compared with dobutamine on time-domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with decompensated CHF.

Methods

The study population consisted of 185 patients, who were randomized to intravenous nesiritide at a low (0.015 μg/kg/min, n = 56) or high (0.03 μg/kg/min, n = 58) dose, or to dobutamine (≥ 5 μg/kg/min, n = 58). Time-domain HRV indices were obtained from 24-hour Holter recordings immediately before and during study drug therapy.

Results

Dobutamine therapy resulted in a decrease in standard deviation of the R-R intervals over a 24-hour period (SDNN), standard deviation of all 5-minute mean R-R intervals (SDANN), and the percentage of R-R intervals with >50 ms variation (pNN50) (all P < .05). Low-dose nesiritide induced an increase in SDNN (P < .05), and high-dose nesiritide resulted in a nonsignificant decrease in all measures of HRV. A significant interaction was noted between baseline HRV and the effect of vasoactive therapy on HRV (P = .028). Therefore, the effect of nesiritide and dobutamine was analyzed in relation to baseline HRV. In the dobutamine group, patients with moderately depressed HRV at baseline displayed a reduction in SDNN (P = .01), SDANN (P = .01), pNN50 (P = .04), and the square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) (P = .05), whereas no significant changes occurred in patients with severely depressed HRV. In the low-dose nesiritide group, patients with severely depressed HRV displayed an increase in SDNN (P = .001), SDANN (P = .02), and RMSSD (P = .01), with no significant changes in patients with moderately depressed HRV. HRV response to high-dose nesiritide was similar to that of dobutamine.

Conclusions

Low-dose nesiritide therapy in patients with decompensated CHF improves indices of overall HRV and parasympathetic modulation, particularly if HRV is severely depressed at baseline. Dobutamine and possibly high-dose nesiritide can potentially lead to further deterioration of autonomic dysregulation.     

重组人脑利钠肽对中重度心力衰竭患者自主神经功能的影响

目的:探讨重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者窦性心率震荡(HRT),心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法:治疗组(16例)加用rhBNP,首次负荷剂量2.0μg/kg静脉注射后,持续0.01μg.kg-1.min-1连用48h;对照组(16例)则灌注硝酸甘油10μg.kg-1.min-1。用药前后测定血清BNP浓度,HRT和HRV变化。结果:治疗组血清BNP浓度显著低于对照组[(735±485)ng/ml∶(1 544±677)ng/ml,P<0.05]。治疗组平均RR间期(SDNN),5min RR均值标准差(SDANN),相邻正常RR间期差值的均方根值(rMSSD),相邻RR间期之差大于50ms的心搏次数占总心搏次数的百分比(PNN50)以及震荡斜率(TS)显著高于对照组,而震荡起始(TO)则显著低于对照组。结论:静脉灌注rhBNP可有益地调节心力衰竭患者自主神经功能,对中重度心力衰竭者具有较好的保护作用。     

Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac autonomic modulation in children with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon: a controlled study

This study aimed to objectively evaluate autonomic nervous function in children with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP). Thirty-two children with PRP and 30 healthy subjects were included in the study. We analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain by the following six standard time-domain measures: standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals during 24 h (SDNN), standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals for all 5-min segments (SDNNi), standard deviation of the average normal R-R intervals for all 5-min segments (SDANN), root mean square of the successive normal R-R interval difference, percentage of successive normal R-R intervals longer than 50 ms, and triangular index (integral of the density distribution of NN intervals divided by the maximum of the density distribution). The mean heart rate throughout 24 h was significantly higher in the PRP group than in the control group (p?=?0.001). Although heart rate during the activity period was not significantly different from that during the night period, it was higher in the PRP group than in the control group (p?=?0.002). In children with PRP, HRV analysis showed significantly lower values of SDNN (p?=?0.01), SDNNi (p?=?0.005), SDANN (p?=?0.02), and HRV triangular index (p?=?0.02) compared with the control group. HRV analysis for sympathovagal balance demonstrated a preponderance for the sympathetic component in patients with PRP. We conclude that all time-domain parameters evaluated in HRV analysis are significantly lower in children with PRP than in healthy subjects.     

脑梗死患者心率变异性分析(附50例报告)

目的　研究脑梗死患者的自主神经功能状态。方法　应用时域法对 5 0例脑梗死患者进行心率变异性分析。结果　脑梗死组与正常对照组相比所有 R- R间期均值的标准差 (SDNN)明显降低 (10 2 .0 6± 2 8.5 1,137.0 6± 2 9.0 8) ms,P<0 .0 1,HRV三角指数明显降低 (2 5 .86± 9.18,37.5 7± 14 .88;P<0 .0 5 )。相邻 R- R间期之差的均方根值 (RMSSD)、爱丁堡指数 (p NN5 0 )较正常对照组低 ,但无统计学意义。脑梗死患者心率变异昼夜比较RMSSD夜间高于日间 (18.70± 7.30 ,2 6 .2 3± 8.85 ) m s,P<0 .0 5。余指标昼夜有所变化但无统计学意义。脑梗死首次发作组与非首次发作组相比 SDNN、RMSSD、p NN5 0、HRV三角指数等指标无明显差别。结论　脑梗死患者的自主神经功能以交感神经活性占优势 ,心率变异程度降低 ,且失去了正常的昼夜规律。脑梗死后自主神经功能的改变主要与本次发作有关     

AUTO-CPAP治疗对老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者心率变异性的影响

目的研究老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者心率变异性（HRV）的改变,探讨自动调节持续气道正压通气（AUTO-CPAP）治疗对其的影响。方法根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）,选取老年轻度（520）OSAHS患者及对照组共3组,每组各20例进行多导睡眠图（PSG）及动态心电图监测,采用时域分析法定量分析HRV,测定全程记录中每5 min窦性心搏R-R（NN）间期标准差的平均值（ASDNN）、所有的窦性心搏RR间期的标准差（SDNN）、全程记录中每5 min NN间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）及相邻NN间期差值的均方根（RMSSD）。其中20例老年中重度OSAHS患者行AUTO-CPAP治疗3月后复查PSG及HRV。结果（1）老年轻度及中重度OSAHS组与对照组比较,SDNN、SDANN的差异均有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。老年中重度OSAHS组与对照组比较,RMSSD的差异也有显著性（P〈0.05）。（2）老年中重度OS-AHS组治疗后与治疗前比较,AHI、夜间最低动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）及SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD的差异均有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论老年OSAHS患者的HRV出现异常,AUTO-CPAP治疗可显著改善老年中重度OSAHS患者的HRV。     

参松养心胶囊对原发性高血压患者心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨参松养心胶囊对原发性高血压患者心率变异性的影响.方法 将68例原发性高血压患者随机分为2组.对照组32例,应用常规降压药物治疗;治疗组(参松养心胶囊组)36例,在高血压治疗的基础上加用参松养心胶囊0.12 g,每天3次,疗程为4周.于治疗前和治疗后4周行24 h动态心电图检查测定其心率变异性时域分析指标.结果 治疗组时域分析指标24 h内正常窦性R-R间期值的标准差(126.4±26.1 ms比110.8±17.9 ms)、24 h内连续每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差(108.4±28.8 ms比98.2±16.2 ms)、24 h内相邻R-R间期差的平方根(28.7±15.2 ms比26.4±15.1 ms)、24 h内相邻正常R-R间期差值大于50 ms的计数占总R-R间期的百分比(8.2%±7.1%比5.9%±5.3%)均较对照组明显提高(P<0.05).结论 参松养心胶囊能显著改善原发性高血压患者心率变异性,改善其预后.     

培哚普利对老年特发性阵发性心房纤颤患者心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨培哚普利对老年特发性阵发性心房纤颤（IPAF）患者心率变异性的影响.方法 连续选择2001年4月-2003年4月在我院就诊的老年IPAF患者50例,均给予培哚普利治疗4周,治疗前后均进行24 h动态心电图检查和心率变异性分析.结果 治疗后患者正常的RR间期的标准差（SDNN）、相邻的RR之差的均方根（RMSSD）、每5 min的平均RR间期的标准差（SDANN）和相邻的RR之差大于50 ms占总窦性心搏的百分数（PNN50）均高于治疗前（P＜0.05）.结论 培哚普利可以提高老年IPAF患者的心率变异性.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者窦性心率震荡及心率变异性的研究

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)及心率变异性(HRV)变化及临床意义.方法 临床诊断为COPD老年患者59例,选择同期健康老年人30例为对照组.24 h动态心电图检测各组HRT参数:震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)及HRV各项指标,肺功能检测,同时超声心动图测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)、右心房内径(RAD)、右心室内径(RVD)、右心室壁厚度(RVWT)等指标;组间比较且对HRT与HRV指标进行相关性分析.结果 与对照组比较,COPD患者TO值显著增高[(-0.2±1.1)%与(-3.8±2.8)%,t=6.830,P＜0.01],TS值显著下降[(7.0±3.6)与(11.7±6.1)ms/RR,t=3.866,P＜0.01];HRV指标正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、正常R-R间期的标准差的平均值(SDNNI)、SDNNI的标准差(SDANN)、相邻R-R间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD)和正常R-R间期标准差≥50 ms的百分数(PNN50)增加,且随肺动脉压力的增高而恶化.TO与SDANN,rMSDD呈负相关(r=-0.369,P＜0.05;r=-0.472,P＜0.01),TS和SDNN,SDANN,PNN50呈正相关(P＜0.05),与rMSDD无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 COPD患者HRT现象减弱,HRT和HRV变化随患者肺动脉压力的增加而恶化,联合检测对评价COPD患者自主神经功能状态及预后有较高临床价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical significance of sinus heart rate turbulence (HRT)and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The 59 moderate to severe COPD patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The 24-hour holter monitor was used to screen the HRT onset (TO), turbulence slope (TS)and HRV. Pulmonary function tests and echocardiographic examination were performed for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right atrial dimension (RAD), right ventricular dimension (RVD), right ventricular wall thickness (RVWT). Then all the parameters were compared between NC group and COPD group, and the relationship between HRT and HRV was investigated. Results Compared with control group, TO was significantly increased [(-0.2±1.1) % vs.(-3.8±2.8) %, t=6. 830,P＜0.01] and TS was decreased [(7.0±3.6) ms/RR vs. (11.7±6.1) ms/RR, t =3. 866, P＜0.01] in COPD group. In time domain HRV parameters, normal RR intervallerinin standart deviation(SDNN), standard deviation of normal-to-normal beats index (SDNNi), standard deviation of the averages of normal sinus to normal sinus (SDANN), mean squared differences of the successive RR intervals (rMSDD), fraction of consecutive normal sinus intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (PNN50) were significantly lower in COPD group than in control group(P＜0. 05). TO was negatively correlated with SDANN and rMSDD (r=-0. 369, P＜0. 05; r=-0.472, P＜0.01).TS was positively correlated with SDNN, SDANN and PNN50 (all P＜0.05), but had no correlation with rMSDD (P＞0. 05). Conclusions HRT and HRV are dramatically blunted in COPD patients.Combination of HRV and prognosis. and HRT may be simple and elegant ways for evaluating cardiac autonomic functions.     

正常人群的心率变异性分析

将１００４例正常人分三个年龄组进行短程（５ｍｉｎ）心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）分析。时域法的参数为平均心率标准差（ＨＲＳＤ），连续５ｍｉｎ节段平均正常ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＡＮＮ），相邻ＲＲ间期差的均方根（ｒＭＳＳＤ），相邻ＲＲ间期差异≥５０ｍｓ的百分数（ＰＮＮ_（５０））；频域法的参数为极低频（ＶＬＦ）、低频（ＬＦ）、高频（ＨＦ）成分，总功率（ＴＰ）及ＬＦ／ＨＦ比值。各指标间做相关分析。结果：４５岁以上组ＨＲＳＤ、ＳＤＡＮＮ、ｒＭＳＳＤ、ＰＮＮ_（５０）、ＶＬＦ、ＬＦ、ＨＦ、ＴＰ均低于４５岁以下两组（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。ＳＤＡＮＮ、ｒＭＳＳＤ、ＰＮＮ_（５０）与ＨＦ呈高度正相关（ｒ＞０．７０，Ｐ＜０．０００１），其中以ＳＤＡＮＮ、ＰＮＮ_（５０）相关更好（ｒ＞０．７５，Ｐ＜０．００１），ＳＤＡＮＮ、ｒＭＳＳＤ、ＰＮＮ_（５０）间高度相关（ｒ＞０．８０，Ｐ＜０．０００１）。不同性别ＨＲＶ各参数相比无显著差异。提示：ＨＲＶ随年龄的增长而下降，以迷走神经张力下降为主；各指标中以ＳＤＡＮＮ、ｒＭＳＳＤ、ＰＮＮ_（５０）、ＨＦ能更好地反映迷走神经张力变化。     

Correlation between baroreflex gain and 24-h indices of heart rate variability

OBJECTIVE : To examine the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). DESIGN : An observational study, with no intervention, in 55 volunteers with a wide range of arterial pressure (60-90/115-185 mmHg). METHODS : Volunteers were studied first in the laboratory, with continuous measurement of systolic arterial pressure and electrocardiogram to obtain a frequency domain measure of baroreflex sensitivity (index alpha). Immediately afterwards, while the individual was ambulant, a Holter recording was obtained in order to compute time domain [standard deviation of consecutive normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and the percentage of successive R-R differences > 50 ms (PNN50)], and frequency domain measures of HRV. Linear correlation was used to test the statistical link between index alpha and HRV indices. RESULTS : Significant correlations were observed between index alpha and SDNN (r = 0.30; P < 0.02) and PNN50 (r = 0.48; P < 0.001), and between index alpha and total power (r = 0.53; P < 0.001), and absolute powers of the 0.0001-0.04 Hz components of R-R interval variability in 24 h (r = 0.47; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION : The major findings of this study are the clear demonstration of a significant correlation between a laboratory measure of baroreflex sensitivity and 24 h measures of HRV, obtained immediately afterwards. Notably, this correlation was found with both time domain and absolute, but not normalized, spectral measures of R-R interval variability. In addition, different levels of individual activity, as assessed by separate examination of daytime and night-time periods, did not seem to influence this relationship.     

运动锻炼对冠状动脉旁路移植术患者心率变异性的影响

目的：探讨运动锻炼对冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后心脏自主神经功能的影响及其临床意义。方法：53例冠心病CABG患者被随机分为常规治疗组（25例）和康复组（28例,在常规治疗基础上进行运动锻炼）,应用动态心电图心率变异性（HRV）时域指标：平均正常R—R间期的标准差（SDNN）、每5min正常R—R间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、正常相邻R-R间期差的均方根（rMSSD）、相邻正常R-R间期内差值〉50ms的心搏数占总R-R间期总搏数的百分比（PNN50）,分析术前、术后第2周及第8周自主神经功能指标的变化。结果：两组CABG术后2周SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD及PNN50较术前明显减低（P（0．05～0．01）;CABG术后8周,常规治疗组上述指标基本恢复到术前水平[SDNN（113．6±29．4）比（116．7±24．7）,SDANN（112．2±32．1）比（113．6±28．6）,rMSSD（21．9±8．2）比（23．2±7．1）,andPNN50（7．5±4．2）比（8．2±3．7）],P均〉0．05;康复组SDNN[（114．7±25．2）ms比（132．6±30．6）ms]、SDANN[（111．6±23．5）ms比（129．2±30．8）ms]、rMSSD[（24．2±8．7）ms比（29．9±7．5）ms]及PNN50[（7．8±2．2）ms比（9．5±2．3）ms]均较术前明显改善（P均〈0．05）,且均显著优于常规治疗组[SDNN（132．6±30．6）比（113．6±29．4）,SDANN（129．2±30．8）比（112．2±32．1）,rMSSD（29．9±7．5）比（21．9±8．2）andPNN50（9．5±2．3）比（7．5±4．2）],P均〈O．05。结论：CABG后2周心率变异性各项指标均减少,提示CABG对心脏自主神经系统有一定的损害。术后8周康复组心率变异性各项指标均显著优于常规治疗组,提示运动锻炼可较常规治疗显著改善CABG术后心脏自主神经功能。     

Sympathetic Overactivity in Patients with Pulmonary Stenosis and Improvement after Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty

Objective : Percutaneous balloon valvulotomy (PBV) is the procedure of choice for the treatment of valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS) with similar results comparable to surgical valvotomy but less invasive. . Methods and Results : Twenty‐seven consecutive patients with PS being evaluated for PBV were enrolled in the study. Peak instantaneous transvalvular gradient, right ventricle (RV) diameter, mean atrial pressures, RV systolic pressure (RVSP), pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) levels significantly decreased immediately after PBV. Regarding heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, mean HR (heart rate), LF (low frequency) day and night, LF/HF day and night significantly decreased and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), P number of NN intervals that differed by more than 50 ms from adjacent interval divided by the total number of all NN intervals (PNN50), HF (High frequency) day and night significantly increased 1 day after PBV and these changes were shown to be preserved at the first month. The increase in SDNN was correlated with the decrease in right atrial pressure (RAP) (r =?0.5, P = 0.04); the increase in standard deviation of the 5‐minute mean RR intervals (SDANN) was correlated with the decrease in proBNP (r =?0.4, P = 0.03). Conclusions : Sympathetic overactivity and increased proBNP levels were associated with the symptomatic status of patients with PS. Associated with a decrease in atrial pressures and proBNP levels, PBV yielded a decrease in adrenergic overactivity in the patients with PS.     

动态心电图和动态血压同步监测在缺血性脑卒中患者诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨动态心电图和动态血压同步监测在缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)患者诊断中的临床价值。方法选择2016年12月至2018年11月酒泉市金塔县人民医院接诊的46例IS患者进行研究,设定为IS组,并选取同期在我院进行检查的原发性高血压(高血压)患者32例,设定为无IS组(non-ischemic stroke,NIS)组。对所有患者进行动态心电图(dynamic electrocardiogram,DCG)和动态血压(ambulatory blood pressure,ABP)同步监测。比较两组患者昼夜血压变化、异常心电图比例和心率变异性相关指标,对相关参数进行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果与NIS组相比,IS组患者昼夜平均收缩压和血压昼夜节律消失比例均显著升高,日间平均舒张压显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IS组DCG监测到房性期前收缩、房性心动过速、短阵心房颤动、室性期前收缩和ST段改变的比例明显高于NIS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IS组在窦性R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of normal R-R intervals,SDNN)、窦性R-R间期差值的平方根(root mean square of the successive normal sinus R-R interval difference,rMSSD)和每5 min时段窦性R-R间期平均值标准差(standard deviation of the averaged normal sinus R-R intervals for all 5-minute segments over 24 hours,SDANN)等心率变异性指标上明显低于NIS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示昼夜平均收缩压、血压昼夜节律消失、心房颤动与IS呈正相关,日间平均舒张压、SDNN、rMSSD、SDANN与IS呈负相关。结论血压昼夜节律消失、心律失常、心率变异与IS发生关系密切,同步监测高血压患者DCG和ABP对预诊断IS具有较高的临床价值。     

Relationships between reduced heart rate variability and pre-clinical cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aims

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), an early sign of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. The objective was to evaluate relationships between HRV parameters and three pre-clinical cardiovascular disease markers (left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH], aortic stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis) in type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, 313 patients with type 2 diabetes performed 24-h Holter monitoring, carotid ultrasonography (intima-media thickness and plaques measurements), aortic pulse wave velocity measurement and echocardiography (left ventricular mass index [LVMI] measurement). Time-domain HRV parameters were the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of the averaged normal RR intervals for all 5 min segments (SDANN), the root mean square of differences between adjacent R-R intervals (rMSSD), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals that varied by >50 ms (pNN50). Multivariate linear and logistic regressions assessed associations between HRV parameters and the three markers of pre-clinical cardiovascular disease.

Results

Patients with reduced HRV had longer diabetes duration, greater prevalences of microvascular complications, lower physical fitness, and higher heart rate, glycated hemoglobin, albuminuria and LVMI than patients with normal HRV. On multivariate regressions, after adjustments for several confounders, reduced SDNN and SDANN were independently associated with LVH and aortic stiffness. No HRV parameter was associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

Conclusions

Two reduced HRV parameters, SDNN and SDANN, which reflect cardiovascular autonomic imbalance, were associated with LVH and aortic stiffness, markers of pre-clinical cardiovascular disease. These findings may offer insights into physiopathological mechanisms linking CAN to worse cardiovascular prognosis.     

房间隔缺损经导管封堵术对心率变异性的影响及意义

目的探讨房间隔缺损(ASD)经导管封堵术对心率变异性(HRV)的影响及意义。方法选择成功接受介入治疗的ASD患者118例为研究对象(ASD组),分别于术前1天及术后第4天记录24h动态心电图,由电脑自动分析并经心电专业人员校正,得出HRV的各项时域指标;另按术前心脏超声测得的肺循环血流量/体循环血流量(Qp/Qs)分为Ⅰ组(Qp/Qs<1.5)与Ⅱ组(Qp/Qs≥1.5),分析两亚组患者HRV,并行Qp/Qs与HRV的相关性分析。结果与对照组比较,ASD组封堵术前后24hRR间期标准差(SDNN)及24h内每5min节段RR间期均值标准差(SDANN)均显著降低(P<0.01或0.05);Ⅱ组降低更明显。ASD组封堵术后RR间期、SDNN及SDANN均较术前增加(P<0.05);Ⅱ组介入治疗术后的SDNN、ASDNN较Ⅰ组术后明显减小(P<0.05)。ASD患者术前SDNN及SDANN与Qp/Qs呈负相关(r值分别为-0.528、-0.644,P<0.01)。结论ASD封堵术后HRV水平明显恢复;Qp/Qs越大的ASD患者不仅术前HRV水平降低更显著,术后的恢复也越慢。