磁共振血管造影、CT血管造影及数字减影血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的对照研究

目的 对照研究磁共振血管造影(MRA)、CT血管造影(CTA)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 34例经DSA检查和(或)临床证实的颅内动脉瘤患者,均行DSA检查,并同时行CTA和(或)MRA检查.分析MRA、CTA及DSA对颅内动脉瘤的检出率,并观察分析动脉瘤的形态特征,测量动脉瘤瘤体直径及囊状动脉瘤瘤颈宽度.结果 34例患者共检出动脉瘤41个,DSA、MRA及CTA的检出率分别为97.6%(40/41)、86.4%(19/22)和75.0%(15/20).以DSA为诊断金标准,CTA与MRA检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CTA与DSA、MRA与DSA所测瘤体直径及瘤颈宽度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 DSA仍为检出颅内动脉瘤最敏感的方法,但MRA和CTA对于动脉瘤形态特征的显示可达到与DSA相同的水平,且MRA和CTA因无创、经济、快捷方便应作为首选检查方法,尤其MRA无需注入对比剂,使得检查更安全.     

CT血管造影与MR血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的对比研究

目的通过CTA检查结果与MRA检查结果的对比分析,探讨二者在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的临床应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析60例高度怀疑颅内动脉瘤患者的DSA影像资料,及其CTA或MRA图像,在60例行DSA检查患者中,行CTA检查者30例,行MRA检查者30例。图像后处理采用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR),以DSA检查结果及行动脉夹闭术作为诊断动脉瘤的标准,比较CTA和MRA对颅内动脉瘤的显示情况。结果在60例中,DSA和动脉瘤夹闭术共证实30个动脉瘤,其中30例16个动脉瘤CTA显示良好,30例14个动脉瘤MRA显示良好。CTA发现颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为93.3%特异性为86.7%准确性为90.0%,MRA发现颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为60.0%特异性为66.7%准确性为63.3%。结论头颈部CTA检查能够快速、安全、无创、有效的诊断脑动脉瘤,可作为临床筛查大部分颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法。     

头颈部CT血管成像对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值更高

目的  探究头颈部CT血管成像（CTA）在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断效果及在手术指导中的应用价值。方法  选择2018年6月~ 2021年9月本院收治的129例颅内动脉瘤疑似患者纳入研究对象,均行头颈部CTA诊断和磁共振血管成像（MRA）诊断,以数字减影血管造影（DSA）作为金标准,比较头颈部CTA诊断和MRA诊断对颅内动脉瘤的诊断及手术应用价值。结果  以DSA诊断为“金标准”,129例颅内动脉瘤疑似患者经DSA诊断证实有80例确诊为颅内动脉瘤,头颈部CTA诊断准确度为92.24%,敏感度为95.06%,特异性为87.50%,阳性预测值为92.77%,阴性预测值为91.30%;MRA诊断准确度为88.37%,敏感度为91.46%,特异性为82.97%,阳性预测值为90.36%,阴性预测值为84.78%。头颈部CTA诊断和MRA诊断的病灶检出部位差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。头颈部CTA诊断检出 < 3 mm直径的瘤体数量多于MRA诊断（P < 0.05）。头颈部CTA诊断Kappa值为0.850,MRA诊断的Kappa值为0.747,头颈部CTA诊断与DSA诊断一致性更高。结论  头颈部CT血管成像对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值更高,对手术治疗具有更好的指导作用。     

Renal MR and CT angiography: current concepts

During the past decade, noninvasive CTA and MRA imaging techniques have replaced catheter angiography for evaluation of the renal arteries. This article reviews techniques for optimizing renal MRA and CTA, assesses the advantages and limitations of MRA and CTA, and provides the current indications for renal vascular imaging including renal artery stenosis screening. New and future developments in these rapidly evolving techniques are also discussed.     

脑动脉瘤的CTA和MRA及DSA对照分析研究

目的:比较CTA、MRA、DSA三种方法诊断动脉瘤的优缺点,探讨非侵入性CTA和MRA取代DSA的可行性。方法:对收治的25例怀疑动脉瘤惠者同时作CTA、DSA检查,比较其影像学结果,对收治的22例怀疑动脉瘤惠者同时作MRA、DSA检查,比较其影像学结果。结果:CTA基本上可以发现大多数的动脉瘤。为后续的手术或者栓塞提供足够的影像学信息;MRA对较小动脉瘤(直径≤10mm)的诊断仍然存在一定难度,容易漏诊。结论:CTA可作为蛛网膜下腔出血以及可疑动脉瘤患者的初选检查方法,必要时再行DSA进行确诊。随着更多三雏重建技术的推广,其敏感性和特异性会更加提高,在不久的将来CTA可能会成为动脉瘤术前检查的首选。     

CTA、MRA及DSA在脑血管疾病患者临床诊断中的意义

目的 研究比较CTA、MRA及DSA检查在脑血管疾病临床诊断中的意义.方法 选取2000年2月-2012年3月入住我院神经内科疑似脑血管疾病（CVD）的患者98例,依次进行MRA、CTA及DSA检查,统计、比较3种检查方法对患者脑动脉瘤和动静脉畸形的检出部位和敏感性情况.结果 本组患者经MRA检查发现动脉瘤47例,经CTA检查发现动脉瘤48例,经DSA检查发现动脉瘤49例,最后经3种方法联合检查确诊动脉瘤47例,共50个瘤体,其中44例为单发状态,另3例均含2个瘤体.经MRA检查发现动静脉畸形24例,经CTA检查发现动静脉畸形23例,经DSA检查发现动静脉畸形25例,最后经3种方法联合检查确诊动静脉畸形25例.3种检查方法对脑动脉瘤和动静脉畸形的敏感性、特异性比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）.结论 MRA无需使用造影剂,不含电离辐射,且具有无创性,可作为CVD诊断的首选无创方案.若需进一步提升诊断检出率,则可采用联合方案.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像与三维重建在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像与三维重建在脑动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对215例经手术或血管造影(DSA)证实的脑动脉瘤患者术前行螺旋CT血管造影容积扫描,运用最大密度投影(M IP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VRT)、表面遮掩法(SSD)三维重建进行诊断。结果 215例病例成像清晰,DSA或手术(病例均行DSA检查、207例行手术)证实,215例共238个动脉瘤,其中CT血管成像(CTA)及三维重建正确诊断230个动脉瘤,漏诊8个动脉瘤,误诊1个动脉瘤,手术发现DSA漏诊3例共3个动脉瘤。其中M IP、MPR正确显示230个、VRT显示221个、SSD显示219个。本组CTA敏感性为96.6%,阳性预测值99.6%。CTA检查与DSA检查敏感性和阳性预测值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT脑血管成像与三维重建技术能较准确显示动脉瘤的位置、大小、形态,合理利用不同三维重建技术能提高脑动脉瘤诊断准确率,对临床术前评估及术后复查有重要临床价值。     

Peripheral MR angiography

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is a chronic and progressive disease with a reported incidence rate from 4.5% to 8.8% in men over 55 years of age. The diagnosis is usually made clinically, but for treatment planning and control, imaging of the peripheral arteries is required. Since its introduction in 1994, contrast-enhanced MR angiography has demonstrated a high diagnostic confidence and has replaced the invasive intra-arterial DSA, which is still the current gold standard for many different indications. For the peripheral arteries, clinical use of MR angiography was hampered for some years by the unsolved problem of the large imaging volume and the small diameter of the distal arteries. However, since the availability of ultra-fast high-gradient sequences and the possibility of moving-bed imaging, contrast-enhanced MR angiography, over the last few years, has shown its enormous potential and high accuracy in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Exciting innovations in hardware and software allows very fast, very accurate, and very robust noninvasive imaging of the peripheral arteries, and both treatment planning as well as follow-up can be performed using contrast-enhanced MR angiography. The following review introduces the basic concepts of peripheral MR angiography--focusing on contrast enhanced imaging--and presents the different techniques as well as some potential limitations and how they could be solved. Finally, this article provides a look into the already-begun future of peripheral contrast-enhanced MR angiography with hybrid and combination techniques.     

颅内动脉瘤诊疗策略探讨

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤诊断方法 的选择以及开颅直接手术或采取血管内介入手术的取向等问题.方法 190例颅内动脉瘤患者中术前均行颅脑CT检查,MRI检查37例、MRA31例,通过重建CT血管成像技术(CTA)及三维CTA(3D-CTA)确诊134例;数字减影血管造影(DSA)/3D-DSA确诊142例;直接手术96例,其中因血管内手术失败而开颅4例;采用血管内介入治疗92例,其中ONYX胶栓塞2例,其余均采用GDC栓塞手术.另6例因再次出血,病情恶化等原因家属放弃治疗.结果 死亡9例,死因:2例再出血、3例严重血管痉挛,肺炎等并发症死亡4例;其余均痊愈出院.结论 CT为蛛网膜下腔出血的首诊选择,MRA可作为无出血史患者的检查,但不宜以此直接手术;CTA/3D-CTA在相当患者中可以确定动脉瘤的大小、部位、供血动脉及破裂点,并依此直接手术;DSA尤其3D-DSA对复杂性的动脉瘤的血供情况可清晰提示并指导手术.血管内栓塞治疗和直接开颅夹闭手术各有优点,我们主张急性期脑肿胀患者应首先行急诊介入治疗,但血管痉挛明显的患者应果断早期手术,其中多发性动脉瘤的重点是判断责任动脉瘤.     

MR angiography of the renal arteries

MR angiography (MRA) has shown considerable promise as a nonivasive tool in the evaluation of renal vascular morphology. There are two fundamental approaches to MRA of the renal arteries: time of flight and phase contrast imaging. Recently, three-dimensional, gradient-echo, gadolinium-enhanced MRA using breath-hold techniques also has been introduced. These techniques have made MRA of the renal arteries a very promising, noninvasive tool in the detection of main renal artery stenosis, with sensitivities between 90% and 100%. MRA is used most often in the evaluation of renal arteries of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms or allergies to iodinated contrast media, or when other noninvasive screening examinations have been inconclusive. One of the most helpful and unique applications of MRA is in patients who have accelerating hypertension and accelerating renal insufficiency. These patients often have preexisting unilateral renal artery stenosis with a new contralateral renal artery stenosis. Conventional angiography is risky in these patients because of possible contrast nephropathy. MRA, in such cases, is very helpful for differentiating between bilateral renal artery stenosis and end-stage nephrosclerosis.     

双能量颅脑CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的临床价值

目的 探讨双能量CT脑血管成像(CTA)诊断颅内动脉瘤的临床价值。方法 对72例临床疑诊颅内动脉瘤的患者行双能量颅脑CTA检查。将原始数据传至后处理工作站进行图像重组,得到MIP、MPR和VR等重组图像,结合原始轴位图像及重组图像进行诊断,并将CTA诊断结果与手术或数字减影血管造影(DSA)进行对照。采用配对t检验比较双能量颅脑CTA与DSA测得的动脉瘤的瘤体长轴、短轴及瘤颈的大小。结果 CTA诊断32例患者共39个动脉瘤,均经DSA检查或手术证实,另有一枚后交通动脉瘤漏诊,诊断符合率达97.50%。双能量颅脑CTA显示脑动脉瘤的瘤体长轴、短轴及瘤颈分别为(7.20±1.69)mm、(4.12±1.68)mm、(3.21±1.60)mm,DSA检测动脉瘤的瘤体长轴、短轴及瘤颈分别为(7.33±1.73)mm、(4.30±1.70)mm、(3.25±1.62)mm,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 双能量颅脑CTA综合各种后处理技术能清晰显示颅内动脉瘤的瘤体大小及瘤颈,是诊断颅内动脉瘤无创、安全、可靠的检查方法。     

三维飞行时间磁共振血管成像作为颅内动脉狭窄和闭塞性疾病支架置入前有效筛查工具的可能性

目的：评估三维飞行时间磁共振血管成像（3D time—of -flight magnetic resonance angiography，3D TOF MRA）是否可以作为一种可靠的筛检工具用于术前评估颅内血管狭窄和闭塞性疾病。方法：2007—03，2008-04首都医科大学附属朝阳医院共有33例患者怀疑存在颅内动脉狭窄，均同时接受了3DTOFMRA和数字减影血管成像（digital subtraction angiograpby,DSA）检查。两位对患者血管狭窄程度、病史及其他临床资料不知情的影像科医生分析了33例患者的363个血管片段（双侧的颈内动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉、椎动脉和基底动脉）。狭窄程度分为30％～49％，50％～69％，70％～99％及100％。对于各类的狭窄，3DTOFMRA与DSA相比的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值、w值及P值分别给予计算。结果：总共发现42处病变血管片段，对于50％-69％的狭窄来说，3DTOFMRA的敏感度是100％，特异度是96．8％，阳性预测价值是62．1％，阴性预测价值是100％，k值是0．751，P值0．1300；对于70％～99％的狭窄来说，分别是100％，98．6％，70．6％，100％，0．821和0．000；对于100％的狭窄（闭塞）来说，分别是100％，100％，100％，100％，1．000和0．000；对于30％-49％的狭窄来说，分别是25．0％，99．7％，66．7％，98.3％，0．356和0．000。结论：鉴于对狭窄程度为100％、70％～99％或者50％-69％颅内动脉狭窄来说，3DTOFMRA与DSA相比有着高度的敏感度及特异度，可以认为3DTOFMRA是颅内动脉狭窄支架置入前一种有效的筛查手段。     

头颈部双能量去骨计算机断层摄影血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断

  目的  研究头颈部双能量去骨计算机断层摄影血管造影(dual energy bone removal computed tomography angiography, DEBR CTA)诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确性, 以数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography, DSA)及三维旋转数字减影血管造影(three-dimensional rotational digital subtraction angiography, 3DRA)为金标准。  方法  回顾性分析本院8例怀疑颅内动脉瘤且均行双能量头颈部CTA、DSA及3DRA的患者。根据载瘤血管位置将颅内动脉分为16个区域, 逐一观察动脉瘤存在情况, 测量动脉瘤各种径线长度, 比较其与DSA/3DRA的一致性。根据动脉瘤最大径分为4组:无, < 3 mm, 3~5 mm, ≥ 5 mm; 分别评价DEBR CTA对动脉瘤大小的评价效果。  结果  8例患者DEBR CTA共发现9个动脉瘤, 全部经过DSA证实。DSA/3DRA及DEBR CTA测量的最大径线分别为(5.2±5.1)和(5.7±5.6)mm, 配对t检验无统计学意义。2例后交通动脉起始处动脉瘤的2条远端供血动脉未被DEBR CTA显示。DEBR CTA评价≥ 5 mm动脉瘤最大径的准确性达100%;1例DEBR CTA评价为 < 3 mm的动脉瘤, DSA/3DRA评价为3~5 mm。  结论  DEBR CTA能有效诊断颅内动脉瘤, 与DSA/3DRA具有较高的一致性。DEBR CTA可能会漏诊接近颅底动脉瘤的远端细小供血动脉并且低估接近颅底的小动脉瘤的大小。     

Magnetic resonance angiography of the intracranial vasculature

Preliminary experience has shown that MRA can provide useful clinical information that complements the more traditional SE brain evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular disease. MRA is particularly appealing in that it provides a relatively rapid, noninvasive alternative to the existing vascular imaging modalities and the capability to evaluate the brain parenchyma directly. This can often be done without repositioning the patient or significantly prolonging the examination time. MRA sequences have been applied in the evaluation of patients with intracranial aneurysms, vascular malformations, vasoocclusive disease, neoplasms, and dural sinus thrombosis. The MRA study design and acquisition parameters are crucial and need to be optimized to maximize sensitivity and specificity of the examination based on the individual clinical presentation. The results of the SE and MRA studies should be evaluated together to obtain a definitive diagnosis or to determine whether conventional angiography is needed. As with any other diagnostic procedure, it is important to recognize the strengths and limitations of these techniques. Despite its advantages, MRA will not replace conventional catheter angiography in the near future. Rather, it will complement existing indications for conventional MR studies. Spatial resolution and intravascular signal loss due to rapid, complex flow continue to be the most limiting factors in intracranial MRA imaging. Significant improvements in these areas are currently being realized.     

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the intracranial circulation

NCE MRA can provide the authors with useful diagnostic information in patients suffering from intracranial vascular disease, often leading to improved or altered treatment decisions. Most centers have used 3D TOF for evaluation of stroke-the most common cerebral vascular disease. Because of slow and disturbed flow, conventional 3D TOF MRA tends to overestimate stenotic lesions and occluded arteries and this can confound neurovascular assessment in stroke patients. Post contrast 3D TOF techniques provide a more robust and more specific method for imaging the intracranial circulation that overcomes the drawbacks of conventional 3D TOF. In the setting of acute ischemic stroke, the authors have found that the combination of conventional and CE 3D TOF MRA improves their overall diagnostic ability. Dynamic and time-resolved CE MRA techniques have evolved rapidly. Time-resolved CE MRA, in particular, is emerging as a useful technique for imaging dynamic vascular pathologies such as AVMs. Unfortunately, time-resolved MRA of the intracranial circulation provides images with low spatial resolution and is currently limited to subsecond frame rate 2D acquisitions, and less than 2 seconds frame rates for 3D acquisitions. Nevertheless, like in other vascular regions, CE MRA represents a milestone for non-invasive intracranial vascular imaging. The continuing development of CE MRA techniques and of new contrast agents will lessen the need for intra-arterial angiography in the future.     

三维CT血管重建成像在急性蛛网膜下腔出血的应用分析

目的：探讨三维CT血管重建成像在急性蛛网膜下腔出血的应用及局限性分析。方法：对147例CT表现为急性蛛网膜下腔出血患者进行CTA检查,由神经和放射两名医生对结果分析,对CTA阴性以及诊断有争议患者进行DSA检查。结果：在147例急性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中,109例患者3D-CTA结合出血CT图像确诊动脉瘤,瘤体直径2-12mm,均在手术或者介入治疗中证实;其余病例中,7例CT图像有明显的责任灶的蛛网膜下腔出血,3D-CTA阴性,通过DSA发现并经手术证实为动脉瘤,23例普通CT表现为中脑周围出血以及均匀弥漫蛛网膜下腔出血病例CTA提示阴性患者DSA检查也为阴性;3例CTA可疑动脉瘤均被DSA证实为动脉起始的壶腹,CTA在诊断颅内动脉瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为94％和100％。结论：对急性蛛网膜下腔出血患者使用CTA筛查是相对快捷、低风险检查方式,但结果的分析需结合CT图像出血形式以及放射和神经外科医生共同阅片可以完成CTA的诊断效能。     

头颅CTA造影联合磁共振血管成像诊断急性缺血性脑卒中的价值

目的 探究头颅CT血管造影(CTA)联合磁共振血管成像(MRA)在诊断急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)中的应用价值.方法 回顾性选取2018年1月至2020年1月资阳市第一人民医院收治的57例疑似AIS患者,最终确诊42例,收集患者临床资料,所有患者均行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查及头颅CTA、三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像...     

CT血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的：探讨CT血管造影(CTA)在脑动脉瘤诊断中的作用。方法：回顾性研究100例脑动脉瘤手术患者的CTA检查结果，其中20例同时行DSA检查，并与手术结果相对照。结果：100例患者CTA所见除1例假阳性动脉瘤和漏诊1例外，与DSA及手术结果完全吻合。CTA可显示动脉瘤的三维解剖结构，为诊断和治疗提高依据。结论：CTA可以作为蛛网膜下腔出血及可疑动脉瘤患者的首选检查方法，完全可依据CTA制订手术方案。     

CTA在自发性脑室出血病因诊断中的临床应用价值

[目的]探讨CT血管成像 （Computed tomographic angiography,CTA）在自发性脑室出血病因诊断中的临床应用价值.[方法]对68例自发性脑室出血患者进行CTA、数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查.CTA 在发病后24 h内完成,DSA 在发病后72 h内完成.对CTA、DSA影像诊断结果进行对比分析.[结果]DSA发现并经手术证实32例自发性脑室内出血继发于脑血管病变,检出率为47.06%（32/68）,包括动脉瘤22例,脑动静脉畸形9例,烟雾病1例.CTA发现31例出血继发于脑血管病变,检出率为45.59%（31/68）,包括动脉瘤21例,脑动静脉畸形9例,烟雾病1例.CTA漏诊的1例,在行DSA复查时显示为大脑前动脉末梢段动脉瘤.两种检测方法阳性率和阴性率均无显著差异（P〉0.05）.[结论]CTA在自发性脑室出血病因诊断中的灵敏度高,与DSA比较具有无创和良好的诊断效率.     

低场强磁共振三维时飞法脑血流成像临床应用的初步报告(附52例分析)

作者收集了诊断明确的５２例颅内病变的低场ＭＲＡ资料进行分析，其中的２１例经Ｘ线脑血管造影检查；５２例均采用３ＤＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ扫描；本组５２例中可１００％的显示Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ血管环及其附近４公分以内的血管段，额极动脉以前及侧裂动脉主干可清晰显示者达６９．２％（３２／５２）；５２例中３１例为脑血管疾病，诊断率为４８．４％（１５／３１），Ｘ线脑血管造影的诊断率为７６．２％（１６／２１）；由于低场强３ＤＴＯＦ法脑血流成像具有无创、无痛、安全、成像快捷等优点，所以可作为脑血管疾病的初查、筛选或作为不能接受ＤＳＡ检查的患者的诊断手段；作者还指出了与高场强ＭＲＡ相比低场强ＭＲＡ的不足之处。