共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
国产乙型肝炎血源疫苗免疫持久性观察 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对1069名儿童乙型肝炎血源疫苗免疫后抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的抗体水平进行检测,结果表明,抗-HBs阳转率为94.3%;初免后5年抗-HBs阳转率仍可保持为92.3%不同初免年龄免疫后抗-HBs阳转率和持续时间未见明显差异。提示:为减少我国乙型肝炎发病率和乙型肝炎病毒携带者,用乙肝疫苗免疫接种是防止HBV传播最有效的措施,经过正确接种疫苗后的95%的接种者可具有免疫力;新生儿和婴幼儿接种乙型肝炎疫 相似文献
2.
目的探讨新生儿乙肝疫苗接种后的免疫效应的持久时间。方法对新生儿计划免疫后2岁至4岁的儿童进行乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)定量检验,分2岁组和3-4岁组(3岁组和4岁组)观察各组儿童HBsAb定量差异。结果①2岁组50例儿童HBsAb定量平均为949.908±1440.9mU/ml,3-4岁组181例儿童HBsAb定量平均为62.3±104.0mU/ml,经统计学处理2岁组与3-4岁组儿童HBsAb定量比较差异非常显著(t=4.353,P=0.000)。②3岁组90例儿童HBsAb定量平均为70.8±125.7mU/ml,4岁组91例儿童HBsAb定量平均为53.8±76.5mU/ml,经统计学处理3岁组与4岁组儿童HBsAb定量比较差异不显著(t=1.104,P=0.271)。③2岁组50例儿童无HBsAb定量小于10mU/ml(为阴性),(HBsAb阳性率为100%);3-4岁组HBsAb定量小于10mU/ml53例,HBsAb阴性率为29.3%。④2岁组HBsAb低定量发生率为24%;3-4岁组HBsAb低定量发生率为81%;经统计学处理2岁组与3-4岁组HBsAb低定量发生率比较差异非常显著(χ^2=64.823,P=0.000)。结论 3-4岁儿童乙肝表面抗体高阴性率和高低定量发生率提示应该在出生后3-5年加强一次乙肝疫苗。 相似文献
3.
J I Esteban J Genesca R Esteban J M Hernandez G Seijo M Buti R Muniz J Guardia 《Journal of medical virology》1986,18(4):381-391
One hundred eleven newborn infants born of Spanish hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers were consecutively assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group A was treated with three or four doses of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in one of three different schedules. Group B received one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac-B, Pasteur) at birth and at 1, 2 and 12 months. Group C was treated with the same vaccination schedule as group B and in addition received a single dose of HBIG at birth. Comparisons were made in the 85 babies who had strictly completed the immunization schedule and had been followed for at least 12 months. The three immunization protocols were equally effective, since none of the children became a chronic HBsAg carrier or developed acute symptomatic infection. There were five transient and subclinical infections among children who received only HBIG (group A), one transient infection in group B, and one in group C. There seems to be some correlation between anti-HBs levels and degree of protection, since all transient infections in group A occurred in the subgroups who did not maintain protective antibodies during the first 6 months. Although the percentage of responders in the two vaccinated groups did not differ significantly, children who received only vaccine reached higher antibody levels than those who also received HBIG. Our results suggest that any immunization schedule able to maintain anti-HBs levels during the first 6 months of life would be useful to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of the hepatitis B virus in areas where most of the carrier women are expected to be anti-HBe positive and hence relatively less infectious. 相似文献
4.
The response to the new recombinant DNA vaccine has been shown to be variable, with sero-conversion rates ranging from 90-99% being quoted. This study was designed to assess the response to one of the new second generation Hepatitis B vaccines. Of the 955 who had completed the immunisation schedule, of three doses post vaccination testing was carried out in 117. Of these 117, six failed to show any antibodies to the Hepatitis B surface antigen (NBs Ag), and a further seven had a low antibody titre which was considered insufficient to give them adequate protection against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). So in effect, a total failure rate of 11% was demonstrated. It is concluded that all vaccine recipients should be screened to assess their individual response. 相似文献
5.
Seventy-eight children who had received three very low doses (1 or 2 microg) of Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD) plasma-derived vaccine (PDV) in early infancy were followed to approximately four years of age. Of the 70 who had responded to the initial course of vaccine with measurable anti-HBs, levels had fallen to below 10 mlU/ml in 38% of subjects given 1 microg doses and in 17% of those who had been given 2 microg doses. None of the children were positive for anti-HBc. Two weeks after 2 microg dose of MSD recombinant DNA (rDNA) vaccine all subjects had more than 10 mlU/ml of anti-HBs, with 90% exceeding 1,000 mlU/ml. A response to hepatitis B vaccine in infancy is followed by an effective immunological memory for several years, even if anti-HBs falls to low levels. The rDNA hepatitis B vaccine (MSD) in 2 microg doses is an effective booster following a primary course of plasma derived vaccine. 相似文献
6.
M A Chernesky M A Blajchman S Castriciano J Basbaum C Spiak J B Mahony 《Journal of medical virology》1991,35(1):50-54
During the 12 years from January, 1977, to December, 1988, the Hamilton Centre of the Canadian Red Cross Society (CRCS) Blood Transfusion Service screened 98,712 pregnant patients for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and identified 120 positives (0.12%). The number of positives ranged from six to 16 per year. We were able to trace and enroll 65 mothers (54%) and 96 of their children in the follow-up study. The majority of the women were between 20 and 30 years of age (95.4%) and married (86%), and about one-half were employed outside the home. Sixty-five percent were white and 34% Asian, and 20 countries were listed as their places of origin. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) was available for neonatal immunization since 1977 and combined with vaccine since 1982. Of the 96 candidates for HBIG, 60 (63%) received HBIG within 24 hr, one after 3 months, four unknown, and 31 did not receive it. Of the 56 candidates for vaccination from 1982 to 1989, 26 (46%) received three doses, seven had two doses, eight had one dose, one was unknown, and 14 had none. HBsAg tests were performed on 69 children (71.8%) and anti-HBs on 61 (63.5%). Four of the children are HBsAg positive, 31 have anti-HBs, and 31 have no detectable antibodies. All four HBsAg positives had not received vaccine, and only one had received HBIG. Of the children positive for hepatitis B surface antibodies, five had received no immunization and therefore had been subclinically infected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
7.
Van Damme P Leroux-Roels G Crasta P Messier M Jacquet JM Van Herck K 《Journal of medical virology》2012,84(1):11-17
A combined hepatitis A and B vaccine is available since 1996. Two separate open‐label primary studies evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of this hepatitis A and B vaccine (720 EI.U of HAV and 20 µg of HBsAg) in 306 healthy subjects aged 17–43 years who received three doses of the vaccine following a 0, 1, and 6 months schedule. These subjects were followed up annually for the next 15 years to evaluate long‐term persistence of anti‐HAV and anti‐HBs antibodies. The subjects whose antibody concentrations fell below the cut‐offs between Year 11 and Year 15 (anti‐HAV: <15 mIU/ml; anti‐HBs: <10 mIU/ml) were offered an additional dose of the appropriate monovalent hepatitis A and/or B vaccine. In subjects who received the additional vaccine dose, a blood sample was collected 1 month after vaccination. At the Year 15 time point, all subjects in Study A and Study B were seropositive for anti‐HAV antibodies and 89.3% and 92.9% of subjects in the respective studies had anti‐HBs antibody concentrations ≥10 mIU/ml. Four subjects (two in each study) received an additional dose of monovalent hepatitis B vaccine and mounted anamnestic responses to vaccination. No vaccine‐related serious adverse events were reported. This study confirms the long‐term immunogenicity of the three‐dose regimen of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, as eliciting long‐term persistence of antibodies and immune memory against hepatitis A and B for up to at least 15 years after a primary vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 84:11–17, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
8.
Eskola J Kilpi T Palmu A Jokinen J Haapakoski J Herva E Takala A Käyhty H Karma P Kohberger R Siber G Mäkelä PH;Finnish Otitis Media Study Group 《The New England journal of medicine》2001,344(6):403-409
BACKGROUND: Ear infections are a common cause of illness during the first two years of life. New conjugate vaccines may be able to prevent a substantial portion of cases of acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS: We enrolled 1662 infants in a randomized, double-blind efficacy trial of a heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in which the carrier protein is the nontoxic diphtheria-toxin analogue CRM197. The children received either the study vaccine or a hepatitis B vaccine as a control at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age. The clinical diagnosis of acute otitis media was based on predefined criteria, and the bacteriologic diagnosis was based on a culture of middle-ear fluid obtained by myringotomy. RESULTS: Of the children who were enrolled, 95.1 percent completed the trial. With the pneumococcal vaccine, there were more local reactions than with the hepatitis B vaccine but fewer than with the combined whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine that was administered simultaneously. There were 2596 episodes of acute otitis media during the follow-up period between 6.5 and 24 months of age. The vaccine reduced the number of episodes of acute otitis media from any cause by 6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -4 to 16 percent [the negative number indicates a possible increase in the number of episodes]), culture-confirmed pneumococcal episodes by 34 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 21 to 45 percent), and the number of episodes due to the serotypes contained in the vaccine by 57 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 44 to 67 percent). The number of episodes attributed to serotypes that are cross-reactive with those in the vaccine was reduced by 51 percent, whereas the number of episodes due to all other serotypes increased by 33 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine is safe and efficacious in the prevention of acute otitis media caused by the serotypes included in the vaccine. 相似文献
9.
A literature search was carried out to investigate the factors that influence the protective efficacy (PE) of hepatitis B vaccines when given to neonates of hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen positive mothers. Hepatitis B vaccines with either high or low antigen doses are very effective in preventing chronic hepatitis B infection in neonates at risk, but there is evidence that with lower dosages simultaneous use of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration is more important than with higher dosages to elicit good protection (PE ≧ 90%). There is also a tendency for lower dosages to confer high PE less consistently, with noticeably greater numbers of chronic surface antigen carriers in neonates who received a complete vaccination course. Furthermore vaccination courses with higher vaccine dosages give high PEs, without concomitant HBIG administration at birth, provided that the first vaccine dose is given at birth and that the second dose follows within 2 months. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
10.
B Yvonnet P Coursaget V Deubel I Diop-Mar J P Digoutte J P Chiron 《Journal of medical virology》1986,19(4):307-311
In most developing countries, hepatitis B prevention is carried out early in life. In these countries, mobile immunization teams have a limited number of sessions to devote to each rural community; simultaneous administration of multiple antigens is thus normal practice. We compared the immune responses of Senegalese children to the separate or simultaneous injections of yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines. Injections were given at the time of booster injection for hepatitis B vaccine. Yellow fever antibodies were detected in similar proportions in infants immunized with either yellow fever vaccine alone or yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines simultaneously. However, a lower proportion of high yellow fever antibody levels were observed when the two vaccines were injected simultaneously. No reduction in the anamnestic response of antibodies against the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs) was observed when yellow fever vaccine was injected at the same time as the booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Since no untoward reactions were noted, it is concluded that hepatitis B and yellow fever vaccines can be administered at the same time. 相似文献
11.
A Milne M Dimitrakakis C Campbell R Lucas G Allwood P Goldwater N Pearce S Krugman 《Journal of medical virology》1987,22(4):387-392
Six hundred forty-three children, negative for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, were given three X 2-micrograms doses of Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD) plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-Vax) at monthly intervals. Twelve months after the first dose of vaccine, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was detected in 89% of children by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in 83% by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Seroconversion rates and anti-HBs titres were significantly greater in 1-4-year-olds than in older children (p less than 0.01). Eighteen children with no anti-HBs or other markers of HBV at this time were given 10 micrograms of vaccine and tested one month later. Seventeen developed anti-HBs, 12 at levels consistent with an anamnestic response. Forty-nine HBV-marker-negative children seroconverted for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the 8-month period before or the 12-month period following vaccination. Forty-six of these children were positive for anti-HBs, and one has been confirmed as a chronic carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Three cases of clinical hepatitis B in children have been seen in the community since the vaccination programme began. Two of these were amongst the estimated 5% of children who were not vaccinated. The third was in a vaccinee and occurred 4 1/2 months after the last dose of vaccine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
12.
13.
Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adkins JC Wagstaff AJ 《BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy》1998,10(2):137-158
Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine Engerix B((R)) [Hep-B(Eng)] is a noninfectious subunit hepatitis B viral vaccine indicated for the active immunisation of adults, children and infants against hepatitis B virus infection. It contains hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) which is produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by use of recombinant DNA technology. In adults and children seroprotection rates [anti-HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) titres >/=10 IU/L] were 93 to 100% 1 month after completion of the immunisation schedule with Hep-B(Eng) [0, 1, 6-month schedule]. A more rapid immunological response has been reported with accelerated Hep-B(Eng) immunisation schedules, such as the 0, 1, 2, 12-month schedule. Hep-B(Eng) produces seroprotection rates similar to those achieved with the plasma-derived vaccines and the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, Recombivax-HB((R)) [Hep-B(Rax)] when administered at recommended doses. In studies in Taiwanese and Thai neonates born to hepatitis B carrier mothers, seroprotection rates were >/=94% 12 months after immunisation with Hep-B(Eng) [+/- hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)] and protective efficacy was high, with =4% of neonates becoming chronic hepatitis B carriers. Similarly, among 119 homosexual men, none had any markers of hepatitis B infection 1 month after completion of immunisation with Hep-B(Eng). Immunoprophylaxis with Hep-B(Eng) +/- HBIG compared with no immunoprophylaxis also resulted in a lower incidence of acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers accidentally exposed to HBsAg-positive blood (0 vs 6%). Although seroprotective levels of anti-HBs have been reported to persist for at least 5 years in adults and 8 years in children immunised with Hep-B(Eng), anti-HBs titres do decline with time and may become undetectable several years after immunisation in some vaccinees. Moreover, it is currently unclear whether vaccinees require booster doses or whether, on exposure to the virus, natural boosting occurs when anti-HBs titres fall below the protective level (<10 IU/L). Long term follow-up studies should clarify this issue. Hep-B(Eng) is generally well tolerated with a tolerability profile similar to that of Hep-B(Rax) and plasma-derived vaccines. Mild soreness at the injection site is the most common adverse event associated with Hep-B(Eng). CONCLUSIONS: Although further long term follow-up is necessary to determine the persistence of protective immunity against hepatitis B, available data indicate that Hep-B(Eng) is an effective and suitable alternative to other vaccines currently used for immunisation against infection caused by hepatitis B virus. 相似文献
14.
A serologic follow-up of the 1942 epidemic of post-vaccination hepatitis in the United States Army 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
L B Seeff G W Beebe J H Hoofnagle J E Norman Z Buskell-Bales J G Waggoner N Kaplowitz R S Koff J L Petrini E R Schiff 《The New England journal of medicine》1987,316(16):965-970
An epidemic of icteric hepatitis in 1942 affected approximately 50,000 U.S. Army personnel. This outbreak was linked to specific lots of yellow-fever vaccine stabilized with human serum. To identify the responsible virus and the consequences of the epidemic, during 1985 we interviewed and serologically screened 597 veterans who had been in the army in 1942. These subjects were selected from three groups. Group I consisted of patients who had received the implicated vaccine and had jaundice; Group II had received the implicated vaccine but remained well; Group III had received a new, serum-free vaccine, with no subsequent jaundice. Ninety-seven percent of Group I, 76 percent of Group II, and 13 percent of Group III were positive for antibodies to hepatitis B virus. Only one subject had hepatitis B surface antigen, for a carrier rate of 0.26 percent among recipients of the implicated vaccine. The prevalence of hepatitis A antibody was similar in all three groups, and no subject had antibody to hepatitis delta virus. We conclude that hepatitis B caused the outbreak, that about 330,000 persons may have been infected, that the hepatitis B virus carrier state was a rare consequence, and that the outbreak induced hepatitis B antibodies that appear to persist for life. 相似文献
15.
D Pongpipat V Suvatte A Assateerawatts S Bhethraratt 《Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology / launched by the Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand》1987,5(1):63-65
The immunogenicity of plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B) was studied for active pre-exposure immunisation in 176 healthy volunteer adults and 162 randomised children who had no hepatitis B virus markers. All subjects received three injections of 5 micrograms of hepatitis B vaccine intramuscularly at one month intervals. Seroconversion at 2 months after the third dose of vaccine was 96.30 percent in the children and 92.00 percent in the adults with mean anti-HBs titres of 800 mlU/ml and 353 mlU/ml respectively. The difference of anti-HBs levels between these two groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Female adults had exhibited higher immune response to HB vaccine than male adults but there was no seroconversion difference between boys and girls. There were no serious local or systemic side effects of hepatitis B vaccination. It was concluded that active immunisation with plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine in non-immune children and adults is highly effective without any serious side effects or complications. The prevention of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus should be done by vaccination in children since they have a much better immune response to hepatitis B vaccine than adults. 相似文献
16.
Forty-nine Iranian neonates who failed to develop a protective anti hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) response following
primary vaccination with triple doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, were classified as hypo-responders (anti-HBs > 1
< 10 IU/l) or non-responders (anti-HBs < 1 IU/l) and subsequently challenged with a single supplementary vaccine dose. A protective
and anamnestic type of response was observed in 90% (44/49) of the neonates. The mean titer of anti-HBs antibody was significantly
higher following supplementary vaccination, compared to that achieved after primary vaccination. This was more evident in
the primary hypo-responder neonates (P < 0.00001) than the non-responder group (P < 0.002). The results indicate that a significant proportion of the non-responder neonates to HBs antigen can be induced
to develop a protective and long-lasting antibody response by administration of a single additional vaccine dose.
Received: 24 September 1996 相似文献
17.
There remains no consensus on whether to adopt a universal hepatitis B vaccination strategy in the United Kingdom, where the endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered to be very low in the general population. To assess the feasibility and acceptance of a school-based adolescent vaccination approach, 11-13 years old pupils in local secondary schools in the London Borough of Camden and Islington were contacted and offered a three-dose hepatitis B vaccination course using a 0, 1, and 12 months schedule. The adult dose of hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B GlaxoSmithKline) containing 20 mug recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 1 ml suspension was administered. This dosage is normally intended for adults and children older than 15 years of age, but can be administered in 10-15 years old children when compliance may be low, since a higher proportion of those vaccinated develop protective antibody levels following administration of only two doses of vaccine. Overall, a total of 528 pupils were contacted, with 122 (23%) consenting to be vaccinated. Of these, 117 (96%) received the complete three-dose regimen according to the schedule (four did not receive vaccine: three were non-attendees and one was previously vaccinated; one withdrew following a flu-like adverse event). The results of this study show that it is feasible and practical to administer hepatitis B vaccination to adolescents in a school setting, and that it is possible to achieve high rates of uptake for the complete three-dose course among adolescents. However, in order to attain and sustain high coverage rates among pupils, this would require additional general health promotion, including health education and provision of information, targeting of teachers, pupils, and parents in order to increase participation in a school-based hepatitis B vaccination programme. A further requirement includes the availability of good local health support within schools so as to allow for an efficient vaccine delivery system to maximize vaccination in this setting. 相似文献
18.
The immunogenic effect of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (Merck Heptavax B) was evaluated in 202 seronegative healthy medical personnel. Three inoculations of vaccine were given at 1-month intervals. Of 116 vaccinees who received a 40-μg dose, 39% had an anti-HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 88% 1 month after the second dose, and 99% 1 month after the third dose. Of 86 vaccinees who received a 20-μg dose, 40% had an anti-HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 79% after the second dose, and 95% after the third dose. These results confirm the high immunogenic effect of a 20-μg dose of vaccine. 相似文献
19.
V N Ikoev M A Gorbunov A G Ma?daniuk L G Karpovich T V Kalashnikova T A Bektimirov E V Karpova Iu V Nemtsov M A Muntlieva N I Kriuk 《Voprosy virusologii》1999,44(3):133-136
Russian cultural concentrated inactivated vaccine protecting from hepatitis A--Hep-A-in-vac was used for immunization of children. The vaccine is slightly reactogenic and completely safe in children aged 3-17 years vaccinated twice in a dose of 0.25 ml. Double immunization of seronegative children with a 1-month interval led to conversion in 89.7% children. In 64.1% children titers of antibodies to hepatitis A virus reached 20 mIU/ml and higher, which indicates rather high antigenic activity of the vaccine. 相似文献
20.
A Milne T A Brawner P C Dumbill I Kawachi N E Pearce 《Journal of medical virology》1989,27(3):264-267
A group of 201 hepatitis B virus (HBV) sero-negative children 1-12 years of age received either three 2 micrograms doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) or Smith Kline and French (SKF) recombinant DNA (rDNA) hepatitis B vaccine I.M. at monthly intervals. Each recipient was tested 4-6 weeks later for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Ninety-six 4-5-year-old children, given 2 micrograms doses of a plasma-derived vaccine (MSD, H-B-Vax) I.M. at 0, 1, 2 months, were tested at the same time with the same assays for comparison. Anti-HBs responses and geometric mean titres (GMT) were significantly higher with the MSDrDNA vaccine (96% and 338.9 IU/liter) than with the SKF/r DNA vaccine (82.3% and 69.4 IU/liter). We conclude that for the protection of young children, 2 micrograms doses of the MSD rDNA hepatitis B vaccine may be used under similar circumstances in which 2 micrograms of the MSD plasma-derived vaccine was used. Further studies are needed before the other rDNA hepatitis B vaccine may be used in lower than the 10 micrograms dose recommended in children. 相似文献