超声心动图评价高龄高血压患者左心室收缩与舒张功能

目的探讨超声心动图各指标评估高龄老年高血压患者左心室不同构型的收缩与舒张功能的临床价值。方法将高龄老年原发性高血压患者153例,按Ganau法分为4组:正常构型组(47例)、向心性重构型组(35例)、向心性肥厚型组(33例)和离心性肥厚型组(38例);另选无心肺疾病的患者65例为正常对照组。超声心动图测量舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室内径(LVEDD)、二尖瓣血流频谱图舒张早期与晚期血流峰值比(E/A)、LVEF及Tei指数。结果正常对照组及以上4组E/A均<1;离心性肥厚型组LVEF明显降低(P<0.05),正常构型组、向心性重构型组、向心性肥厚型组比较无显著差异;以上4组Tei指数与正常对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),但4组间比较无显著差异,Tei指数和E/A无相关性,Tei指数和LVEF呈负相关(r为-0.594,P<0.001)。结论Tei指数较E/A及LVEF更能全面评价高龄老年高血压患者心脏的收缩和舒张功能。     

1型糖尿病对主动脉缩窄大鼠结构和功能的影响

目的探讨糖尿病是否能加重左心室超负荷引起的心力衰竭。方法 3周龄雄性Wistar大鼠54只,随机分为4组:假手术组14只,胸主动脉缩窄(TAC)组12只,假手术+链脲佐菌素(STZ)组15只(STZ组),TAC+STZ组(联合组)13只。记录大鼠的体质量演变,并分别于TAC术后15、50d对所有大鼠行超声心动图检查。在TAC术后66d处死大鼠,分离左心房、右心房、心室等,进行称重,天狼星红染色分析心肌纤维化。结果与假手术组比较,STZ组50d舒张末室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁舒张末厚度(PWT)、左心室质量、心率明显降低(P<0.01);TAC组15dIVST、PWT、LVM明显升高(P<0.01)。与15d比较,TAC组和联合组50d左心室肥厚百分比明显增高(P<0.01)。与假手术组比较,STZ组大鼠体质量、左心室质量、左心房质量、肺脏质量、左心室质量/胫骨长度明显降低,左心室质量/体质量明显升高;而TAC组大鼠左心室质量、左心房质量、肺脏质量、左心室质量/胫骨长度、左心室质量/体质量明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论糖尿病明显增加了TAC诱导的左心室肥厚,但并没有加重TAC大鼠模型的心力衰竭指征,可能是因为糖基化终产物的聚集所致。     

定量组织速度成像对左束支传导阻滞左室收缩和舒张活动的评价

目的利用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价左束支传导阻滞左心室整体和局部收缩、舒张活动。方法测量20例完全性左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)患者和20名健康人于标准心尖四腔、两腔及心尖左室长轴切面获得的左心室6个室壁(后室间隔、侧壁、下壁、前壁、后壁、前间隔)基底段、中间段及心尖段同一心动周期各时相时间(ICT、IRT、ET等)以及长轴方向收缩期峰值速度(VS),舒张早期峰值速度(VE)、舒张晚期峰值速度(VA)。结果左束支传导阻滞患者ICT、IRT较正常对照组明显延长(P<0.01),ET缩短(P<0.05);SMPI、DMPI、MPI较对照组明显增高(P<0.01);同一室壁运动虽然存在一定梯度,但VS、VE明显减低。结论LBBB时,左心室内电机械活动不同步,收缩协同失调,引起局部心肌收缩舒张功能减低。     

组织多普勒成像评价老年单纯舒张功能不全患者左心室收缩功能的变化

目的采用组织多普勒(TDI)成像技术评价老年单纯舒张功能不全患者左心室长轴收缩功能的变化。方法选取老年无症状舒张功能不全患者(老年ADD组)157例、老年舒张性心力衰竭患者(老年DHF组)130例及健康老年人(正常对照组)89例,应用TDI成像技术测量二尖瓣环水平左心室室间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁心肌长轴方向收缩期心肌峰值运动速度(Sm);Simpson法测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果与正常对照组比较,老年ADD组与老年DHF组二尖瓣环水平心肌侧壁、前壁、下壁Sm值、Sm均值及老年DHF组室间隔Sm值显著降低(P<0.05~0.001),且老年DHF组Sm值降低幅度更大(P<0.05~0.001)。结论老年单纯舒张功能不全患者存在左心室长轴收缩功能降低,Sm较LVEF能更敏感地检测到轻度收缩功能不全的存在。     

自主神经病变对1型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的影响

用QTVI技术测定60例糖尿病患者及30例正常对照组二尖瓣环室壁运动速度（Ve，Va）。糖尿病组二尖瓣环Ve、Ve／Va低于对照组，CAN^-组（Ve／Va）〈1的节段数明显少于CAN^＋组，差异均有统计学意义。QTVI技术可定量同步对比分析心肌各节段不同时相的心肌运动特征，定量评价糖尿病患者的左室舒张功能。     

高原健康老年人重返平原后心脏收缩功能的变化

高原健康老年人重返平原后心脏收缩功能的变化王小珍吴天一张丽珠孪万寿陈秋红（青海省高原医学科学研究所西宁８１００１２）关键词高海拔心室功能心动描记术老年人人体在高原低氧环境中经过长期的适应，必定产生一系列的生理变化。当重返平原后，低氧刺激消除，将产生新...     

多普勒组织成像对正常人左心室收缩功能的分析

目的 :应用多普勒组织成像脉冲技术评价正常人左心室整体收缩功能。研究二尖瓣环舒缩速度与左心室整体收缩功能间的相关性 ,以及观察二尖瓣环舒缩速度与左心室射血分数间是否存在直线回归关系。方法 :转换多普勒组织成像速度模式 ,取心尖四腔心、二腔心、心尖左心室长轴切面 ,分别测量二尖瓣环后间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁、前间隔及后壁的舒张早期峰值速度 (E)、舒张晚期峰值速度 (A)、收缩期峰值速度 (S)。应用改良Simpson法测量左心室射血分数。结果 :左心室射血分数与二尖瓣环前间隔S、E与肺静脉D波比值 (E/D) ,后间隔S ,前壁与后壁的E/D存在直线相关关系。结论 :多普勒组织成像测量二尖瓣环舒缩速度可反映左心室整体收缩功能。并且发现左心室收缩功能不仅与二尖瓣环收缩速度有关 ,而且与舒张速度也相关。二尖瓣环前间隔是反映这一现象的最好位点。     

房间隔缺损封堵术后右心室功能的变化

目的应用三维超声心动图评价经皮穿刺房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术后右心室容量和功能的变化。方法继发孔型ASD患者58例,男24例,女34例,年龄4～67岁,平均(28.9±17.1)岁,其中23例患者成功地施行了经皮穿刺ASD封堵术[男11例,女12例,年龄6～57岁,平均(25.7±13.3)岁]。与ASD患者性别、年龄相匹配的正常人32例为对照组[男18例,女14例,年龄4～45岁,平均(24.8±12.0)岁],应用HPSONOS5500超声心动图仪进行三维采集,并在TomTecEchoView4.2工作站行三维重建,测得右心室舒张末期容量(RVEDV)、收缩末期容量(RVESV),并计算右心室射血分数(RVEF)。23例行封堵术者,ASD直径(球囊测量值)为9～36(25.07±7.50)mm,均置入Amplatzer封堵器。所选封堵器直径为11～40mm。分别于术后3d、1个月、3个月复查测量RVEDV和RVESV,并计算RVEF,观察经皮穿刺ASD封堵术后右心室容量及功能的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,ASD患者RVEDV[(101.74±25.17)mLvs(59.65±15.00)mL,P<0.01]及RVESV[(56.81±16.77)mLvs(27.83±9.17)mL,P<0.01]明显增大,RVEF[(44.82±4.51)%vs(54.11±5.89)%,P<0.01]明显减低。经皮穿刺ASD封堵术后,RVEDV及RVESV较术前明显缩小,RVEF明显升高。结论ASD患者右心室容量负荷较正常人显著增加,右心室功能下降;经皮穿刺ASD封堵术既减轻了右心室的容量负荷,也改善了右心室功能。     

实时三维超声对心肌梗死患者左室收缩同步性和收缩功能的分析

目的:应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价陈旧性心肌梗死患者左室收缩同步性与收缩功能,并探讨左室收缩同步性与收缩功能的关系.方法:研究对象分为2组:正常组20例,陈旧性心肌梗死组30例,其中陈旧性前壁心肌梗死14例,均行实时三维超声心动图检查,通过脱机软件分析整体及节段容积-时间曲线,获取左室整体及节段收缩功能参数、左室收缩同步性参数,并将左室心肌分为基底段、中间段、心尖段3个水平节段进行分析.结果:心肌梗死组左室收缩末期容积(ESV)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)显著大于正常组(P＜0.01),左室射血分数(LVEF)显著小于正常组(P＜0.001).心肌梗死组左室16节段收缩同步性参数显著大于正常组(P＜0.001),且均与LVEF呈负相关,其中Tmsv-16-SD与LVEF的相关系数r=-0.644,P＜0.01.与正常组相比,前壁心肌梗死组3个水平节段的Tmsv-sel-SD、Tmsv-sel-Dif增大(P＜0.05),REF明显减小(P＜0.05),其中心尖段Tmsv-sel-SD、Tmsv-sel-Dif与心尖段REF呈负相关(r=-0.656,-0.687,P＜0.05).结论:RT-3DE能定量评价心肌梗死患者左室收缩同步性及收缩功能,左室不同步运动可影响左室收缩功能,前壁心肌梗死患者心尖段心肌的不同步运动与其节段收缩功能减低密切相关.     

应用二维整体收缩期应变评价左室收缩功能

目的应用超声二维斑点追踪技术评价二维整体收缩期峰值应变在判断左室收缩功能中的价值。方法心功能不全患者52例和健康对照者30例,应用二维斑点追踪技术分别测量左室各节段收缩期纵向峰值应变、径向峰值应变和圆周峰值应变,并分别取其平均值做为左室收缩期整体纵向应变(GLS)、整体径向应变(GRS)和整体圆周应变(GCS),同时应用Simpson双面法计算左室射血分数(LVEF)。对各指标绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)并获得界值。结果心功能不全患者GLS、GRS和GCS均显著低于正常对照组(P0.05);ROC评价显示GLS、GCS的曲线偏左上角,其曲线下面积分别为0.950、0.939,对应的界值分别为-13.12%、-13.86%,其诊断心功能不全的灵敏度和特异度分别为90.0%/94.4%,93.3%/83.3%,GRS的曲线下面积0.170.5,诊断左室收缩功能不全意义不显著。结论二维整体收缩期应变可较好地评价左室的收缩功能,其中GLS和GCS具有较高的诊断心功能不全的价值。     

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after anthracycline chemotherapy in childhood

BACKGROUND: In childhood, late cardiotoxicity is characterized by inappropriately thin wall and consequent increased end-systolic wall stress, but the associations of impaired left ventricular geometry and function occurring under these circumstances need further investigation. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to assess anthracycline late effects on the relationships occurring between increased end-systolic stress (ESS) and changes in both M-mode systolic measurements (i.e., endocardial and midwall fractional shortening) and Doppler diastolic indices in the pediatric age. METHODS: The population consisted of 101 children treated with anthracyclines for at least 12 months and 91 healthy children. Using M-mode echocardiography, end-systolic wall stress was calculated as index of afterload, and endocardial and midwall fractional shortening as systolic indices. Doppler transmitral measurements were made as diastolic indices. RESULTS: Patients treated with anthracyclines showed significantly lower relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass index, greater end-systolic wall stress, reduced endocardial and midwall fractional shortening and peak E/A ratio, prolonged deceleration, and isovolumic relaxation times. Direct relationships were found between end-systolic wall stress and both endocardial and midwall shortening. The use of midwall shortening in the relation showed a greater, but not significant increase (from 3 to 6%) in the proportion of patients with depressed systolic function than did endocardial shortening. In the anthracycline group, end-systolic wall stress was also inversely related to relative wall thickness and directly to isovolumic relaxation time. CONCLUSIONS: In childhood, reduced myocardial thickness and increased afterload explain much of systolic and diastolic dysfunction of late anthracycline toxicity. Midwall fractional shortening does not seem to add useful information for identifying subsets of children more prone to the development of heart failure.     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对腹主动脉缩窄大鼠的抗心肌肥厚效应

目的　探讨血管紧张素 (1 7)能否预防和减轻腹主动脉缩窄所诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚。方法　 45只大鼠随机分为假手术组、腹主动脉缩窄组、腹主动脉缩窄 +血管紧张素 (1 7)治疗组 ,每组 15只。在腹主动脉缩窄术后 1d开始 ,腹主动脉缩窄血管紧张素 (1 7)治疗组大鼠经置入式微量泵持续颈静脉给予血管紧张素 (1 7) ,给药剂量 2 5μg·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ,假手术组及腹主动脉缩窄组经微量泵只给予同量的生理盐水 ,4周后检测颈动脉血压、心率、血浆和心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度、左心室重量指数和心肌胶原容积分数。结果　腹主动脉缩窄可导致颈动脉血压升高、心率加快、心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度升高、左心室重量指数和心肌胶原容积分数增加 ;血管紧张素 (1 7)不改变腹主动脉缩窄所诱导增高的血压、心率和心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度 ,但能明显减轻腹主动脉缩窄所诱导增高的左心室重量指数和心肌胶原容积分数。结论　外源性血管紧张素 (1 7)能减轻腹主动脉缩窄所诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚。其机制不是通过改变血流动力学或心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度所致 ,可能与它抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ的细胞内信号转导有关。     

Impact of obesity on left ventricular geometry and function in pediatric patients after successful aortic coarctation repair

Aims: To evaluate if obesity has an additional negative impact on left ventricular (LV) geometry and function in normotensive pediatric patients >12 months after successful treatment of aortic coarctation (CoA). Methods and Results: We studied 40 CoA patients (mean age 14 ± 3 years, and male sex 70%), of them 10 were obese and 30 lean. Both groups were age and sex comparable. The entire studied sample underwent 24‐ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, standard echocardiographic evaluation, and speckle tracking study. Both office and 24‐hour diastolic BP were significantly increased in obese patients. Obese CoA patients showed increased LV mass (52 ± 13 g/m^2.7 vs. 43 ± 9 g/m^2.7, P = 0.02), and significant reduction in E/A compared with lean CoA patients. Myocardial deformation properties were significantly reduced in obese CoA patients in all the three studied planes (longitudinal, radial, and circumferential) compared with CoA lean patients. LV twist values showed a significant reduction in the obese CoA group (9.9°± 2.2° vs. 14.5°± 2.3°, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our study shows that obesity in successfully treated CoA children, has an additional negative effect on BP, LV mass, and cardiac function. These findings are of particular concern, since life expectancy in CoA patients is limited mainly by atherosclerosis, and all the obesity‐associated abnormalities found are harbingers of higher cardiovascular risk. (Echocardiography 2011;28:907‐912)     

Abnormal systolic and diastolic myocardial function in obese asymptomatic adolescents

Structural and functional cardiac changes are known in obese adults. We aimed to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiac function in overweight and obese asymptomatic adolescents.     

Left ventricular diastolic and systolic function during isometric exercise: an echocardiographic study

Normal subjects of both sexes between 20 and 63 years were examined with M-mode echocardiography. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function were measured at rest and at the end of a standardized maximal isometric handgrip test. BP and HR increased about 25%. This increase in cardiac work had no significant influence on LV systolic function. Diastolic function (myocardial relaxation and maximum rate of LV filling), however, improved significantly. Isometric handgrip test is a suitable exercise test in combination with M-mode echocardiography. Studies on LV function during exercise may improve the sensitivity for detection of mild LV dysfunction.     

The myocardial performance index in patients with aortic stenosis

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of chronic afterload on a Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) combining both systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS: The study included 36 patients with a diagnosis of aortic stenosis and 36 normal subjects. Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (MPI), defined as the sum of the isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time divided by ejection time, was measured from the mitral valve inflow and left ventricular outflow velocity patterns and was then related to the aortic valve area, valve gradient, and other echocardiographic variables. RESULTS: The values of the Doppler-derived MPI in the patients with aortic stenosis were significantly higher than those in the controls (0.54 +/- 0.20 vs 0.38 +/- 0.04, respectively; P < 0.001). Transmitral deceleration time and the E/A ratio ( r = 0.47 and r = 0.35, respectively; P < 0.05) were significant univariate correlates, and mitral deceleration time was the only significant correlate of MPI. However the index did not correlate with aortic valve area, peak and mean valve gradients, left ventricular mass, or age. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler-derived MPI reflects severity of global left ventricular dysfunction in patients with aortic stenosis and may be of clinical value in this patient population.     

Noninvasive assessment of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in female runners

Nine female runners and 9 matched control subjects were investigatedwith echocardiography and Doppler velocimetry to assess cardiacstructure and systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) functionat rest. LV mass was considerably larger in the athletes (171vs 123 g; P <001). Minute distance, the Doppler index cardiacoutput, was similar in runners and controls; the lower heartrate (P<0.01) of the athletes was associated with a higherstroke distance (P<0.05). The latter could be attributedto a larger end-diastolic LV internal diameter (46 vs 43 mm;P<0.05); wall stress and the various indices of systolicLV function were not different between runners and controls.Early diastolic LV function, estimated from the velocity ofLV relaxation and the LV inflow pattern, and late diastolicfunction, assessed by Doppler velocimetry, were similar in runnersand controls. The unchanged ratio of the peak velocities ofLV filling during atrial contraction and early filling (0.49vs 0.44; NS) indicates that LV distensibility is unaltered inthe athletes.In conclusion, the higher left ventricular massof female runners is not associated with changes of systolicand diastolic LV function.