从发表文献看社区老年人健康状况及健康需求

对2000～2004年发表的有关社区老年人健康状况及健康需求的文献进行分析,探讨我国城镇社区老年人健康状况和健康需求调查研究中存在的问题,归纳社区老年人健康状况和健康需求,为进一步开展社区调查研究和老年卫生保健工作提供参考.     

老年人照顾者健康状况与社区护理需求的调查研究

目的 探讨老年人主要照顾者健康状况与其对社区护理需求之间的关系.方法 选择上海市徐汇、虹口、杨浦三个区中557例老年人照顾者作为研究对象,使用简明健康状况量表SF-36和自编的社区护理需求调查问卷对照顾者的健康状况和护理需求进行调查.结果 老年人照顾者的健康状况都有不同程度的下降,其对社区护理均有较高需求.此外,照顾者的健康状况与其对社区护理的需求之间存在负性相关,即照顾者的健康状况越差,其对社区护理的需求越高,反之则较低.结论 社区护理人员应在关注老年人健康问题的同时,重视照顾者自身的健康,通过满足他们的护理需求,提高其健康水平,进而提高其为老年人提供照顾服务的能力,满足老年人的照顾需求.     

社区老年人健康教育需求调查与影响因素分析

目的调查上海市徐汇区社区老年人健康教育需求情况,并分析其影响因素,以期为社区医师和护士对老年人进行健康教育提供依据。方法选取2018年3—6月上海市徐汇区14个街道参加健康教育项目培训的社区老年人613例,应用"社区老年人健康教育项目调查问卷"进行健康教育需求调查。结果 613例社区老年人对5个维度的健康教育需求由高到低依次为身体活动、营养、安全管理、健康问题和压力管理。婚姻状况和自评健康状况对老年人健康教育需求有一定影响。结论上海市徐汇区社区老年人健康教育需求受到婚姻状况和自评健康状况因素的影响。社区医师和护士在开展健康教育的过程中,应针对上述影响因素向老年人提供更专业化、实用性和持续性的健康教育。     

上海市徐汇区社区老年人健康教育需求调查及影响因素分析

目的 对上海市徐汇区老年社区进行健康教育项目培训,同时对老年人的健康教育需求进行调查并分析其影响因素,以期为“政府-高校-社区”模式下进行社区老年人健康教育项目选题提供参考并为社区医生和护士对老年人进行健康教育指明方向。方法 于2018年3月～6月对上海市徐汇区14家街道开展了50场老年社区健康教育讲座,应用“老年社区健康教育项目调查问卷”并对他们的健康教育需求进行调查。结果 646名社区老年人对五个方面的健康教育需求由高到低依次为营养,健康问题,身体活动,安全管理,压力管理。婚姻状况、居住状况、患有慢性病、自评健康状况等对老年人健康教育需求有一定影响。结论 上海市徐汇区社区老年人健康教育需求受到婚姻状况、居住状况、患有慢性病、自评健康状况等因素的影响。“政府-高校-社区”模式下开展社区老年人健康教育讲座,应该针对这些影响因素给老年人提供更加专业化、实用性和持续性的健康教育。     

老年人健康状况及保健需求调查

目的了解老年人的健康状况及对医疗保健的需求,为老年人的健康保健及医疗服务提供参考依据。方法随机对来我院参加健康知识讲座的324名老年人进行问卷调查。调查内容包括健康状况、健康相关行为、医疗服务利用情况、卫生保健需求4个方面。结果老年人身体状况普遍欠佳,在被调查的老年人中,有81.6%的老年人患有高血压、心脏病、糖尿病或其他慢性病;有23.2%的老年人曾因病住院。吸烟、饮酒及少运动是影响老年人身体健康的主要因素。为老年人改善环境、增加安全性、提供日间护理、社区护理、提供健康知识教育是绝大多数老年人的保健需求。结论针对老年人的健康状况及需求,应多提供针对老年人的健康知识讲座,开展健康教育活动,加强社区保健服务,使他们了解自己的健康状况、熟悉自身所患疾病的相关知识,加强自我保健意识,去除不良习惯,以达到免除疾病、减少病痛、增进健康的目的。     

社区居家老年人综合健康状况与养老意愿分析

[目的]通过分析居家老年人综合健康状况、护理需求和养老意愿,从而科学地分配老年护理资源,提高老年居民的生活质量。[方法]采用随机抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区的3个社区,每个社区采用便利抽样方法抽取300位居家老年人,共计900位老年人,对其进行健康状况问卷调查及养老服务需求、养老意愿调查。[结果]乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区老年人健康状况总分为(16. 79±3.28)分,老年人综合健康状况与年龄、疾病状况和居住类型相关,躯体健康、年龄是老年人养老意愿的影响因素。[结论]躯体健康、年龄、居住类型是老年人综合健康的影响因素,老年人的日常生活能力与居家养老服务需求有关。     

城市社区老年人健康状况及其护理服务需求的调查

目的调查社区老年人健康状况及护理需求,旨在探讨符合社区老年人的护理服务体系.方法以适合于调查老年人身体与心理健康的特征性问卷作为筛查工具进行调查.结果老年人慢性病患病率70.2%,8.0%的老年人认知功能受损,34.3%的老年人生活能力减退,并有22.9%的老年人存在不同程度的抑郁症状.他们需要得到家庭与社区护理服务的支持.结论为满足人口老龄化的需求,应建立规范化的社区老年护理服务体系,如早期发现病人,个例护理方案、教育干预、支持服务体系,以及健康生活质量评估等.以便达到老年保健目标:增进健康,增强生活自理能力和肢体最佳功能,防止可避免的健康状况下降,以及提高生活质量.     

石河子市老年人健康状况和护理需求现状调查

目的了解新疆石河子市老年人的健康状况及护理服务需求,为老年人的健康保健及医疗服务提供参考依据。方法采用自制问卷对500名社区老年人的一般人口学资料、健康状况、个人健康行为和护理服务需求等进行调查。结果老年人慢性病患病率为72．60％,其中46．60％的老年人患有2种及以上的慢性病;近2周患病率为49．40％;前10位慢性病依次为高血压、冠心病、风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、骨质增生、慢性支气管炎、胆道疾病、脑梗塞、胃肠疾病、前列腺疾病。老年人中有吸烟史者占28．20％,有饮酒史者占18．20％;62．80％的老年人从未体检;老年人所需的保健知识依次为安全用药、慢性病、饮食指导、传染病和常见病等;老年人急需的卫生服务项目：建立健康档案（47．80％）、定期体检（46．60％）、健康指导（43．80％）、社区紧急救护（37．40％）。结论社区老年人慢性病患病率高,针对社区老年人的健康状况和护理服务需求,开展健康教育及社区卫生服务,提高社区老年人的健康水平和生活质量。     

武汉市某社区老年人慢性病情况及护理需求的调查分析

目的 调查社区老年人的健康状况、慢性病情况及老年人的社区护理需求。 方法 采用问卷调查的方法对528名老人的一般情况、健康状况、慢性病情况及社区护理需求进行调查。 结果 78.2%的老年人患有老年性慢性病。在社区护理需求方面,社区老年人需求比较高的主要是生病时护士上门护理(85.9%)、老年慢性病预防宣教与护理(86.0%)和社区紧急事故的救护(79.0%)等。 结论 社区卫生服务机构在老年人聚居的小区,应以老年慢性病的预防宣教,护理、生病时护士上门护理和社区紧急事故的救护等为重点开展老年人的社区护理。     

吉安市市区老年人护理需求的调查分析

[目的]了解吉安市市区老年人的护理需求,以便政府和社区做出老年护理的决策.[方法]采取随机便利抽样调查,自行设计调查问卷,对100名吉安市社区老年人健康状况与护理服务需求情况进行调查.[结果]老年人中生活需他人照顾的占31%,患慢性疾病的占84%,存在心理需求的占74%,需自费治病的占78%,需健康消费的占90%,存在娱乐、活动需求的占98%.[结论]老年人普遍存在护理需求,亟待发展社区护理和家庭养老方式来满足老年人的护理需求.     

The health status and needs of community elderly living alone

The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics, physical health status, mental health status, social supports, health needs, and social services utilization among community elderly living alone. The relationship between demographic data, mental health status, and social supports for the community elderly living alone was also examined. A cross sectional survey was conducted. Five hundred and twenty community elderly living alone were selected by systematic random sampling from Taipei City. A total of 320 subjects aged 65 and over completed the face to face interview. A structured questionnaire developed by the authors was used to collect the data. The contents of the questionnaire included demographic data, life style, physical health status, mental health status, social supports, social services utilization and health needs. The results showed that most of the subjects were male, aged 65-74, with religion and satisfied with life and economic status. Most of the subjects had more than one chronic disease. The most frequently reported diagnosis was arthritis, followed by hypertension and osteoporosis. The self-reported physical, mental health status and social supports among the majority of subjects were good. Financially subsidized medical services, free health examination and home visits by public health nurses were the most frequently used services. The most imperative health needs among the community elderly living alone were medical services, financial subsidy and arrangement of the leisure activity setting. The associated factors of mental health status and social supports were explored and discussed. The results of this study could be used to develop comprehensive health services and health education programs for the community elderly living alone.     

近10年国内外老年居家护理研究热点的对比分析

目的探讨国内和国外老年居家护理研究热点的差异,为我国老年居家护理研究提供参考。方法基于CNKI、Web of Science核心合集,检索2010年1月1日—2020年7月8日收录的国内外老年居家护理相关文献,采用SPSS、COOC等软件对检索结果进行可视化分析。结果近10年国内和国外老年居家护理共同研究热点为健康教育、家庭照顾者、生活质量、老年痴呆、社区护理、长期护理。国内和国外学者对老年痴呆、长期护理研究的侧重点不同。近10年国内外老年居家护理研究热点差异体现在护理模式、家庭功能、老年人身心健康管理等方面,国内学者多关注老年人躯体疾患管理,国外学者在居家老年人疾病管理上更注重老年人健康管理、尊严等高维度需求的满足。结论近10年国内外老年居家护理研究热点差异主要集中在护理层面,国内注重疾病护理,国外更注重高维度的心理需求与健康水平管理;提示我国学者可以开展老年人高维度需求方面的现状调研,以及满足策略的相关研究。     

A study of clinical nursing research priorities in aged care: a Hong Kong perspective

The aim of this study was to identify clinical research priorities in aged care from the perspectives of rehabilitation aged care nurses in Hong Kong. The Delphi method was used whereby 33 registered nurses working in an aged care rehabilitation ward identified 28 research questions pertaining to areas in which nurses could take a leadership role: clinical research that is of highest value to patients and nurse specialists; clinical research which would provide improved community care; facilitate health promotion and disease prevention and be of value to the professional needs of clinical nurses. Study findings have implications and provide direction for clinical nursing research in aged care.     

Profile: frail elderly women, maintaining independence

While several published studies have examined the interactions of health status and social support in the general population or elderly segment of the population, there has been no reported study that specifically examines the health status and social support of frail elderly women, aged 85 years and older. This study reports on the findings of a research study that examined a group of frail elderly women, residing in the community. It focuses on why and how these women are able to live independently. The relationships between health status and social support and between health status and the process of ageing are explored. The study reveals the importance of social support assessments of this group as a prerequisite to effective health care policy, professional health education programmes, and community resource development.     

Effect of obesity on health-related quality of life among Appalachian elderly

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of research on health behaviors, health status, and overall health-related quality of life among Appalachian elderly. Identifying factors among older adults that place them at risk for low health-related quality of life is important for targeting unmet health needs and guiding community efforts to help improve population health. METHODS: For this study, we examined the relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life among Appalachians aged 65 years or older using the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data. RESULTS: Our results showed that obese elderly Appalachians report poorer self-rated health and more days of poor physical health compared with their nonobese counterparts. CONCLUSION: The goals put forward in Healthy People 2010 include the reduction of obesity and enhancement of quality of life. If such health disparities are to be eliminated and quality of life enhanced, a sustained effort to identify their determinants among Appalachian elderly is needed.     

我国老年保健中社区护理问题分析及展望

分析我国老年人的健康问题、社区护理在老年保健中的作用、老年社区护理现状以及老年社区护理目前存在的问题,展望我国老年社区护理的发展模式.     

Engaging Community Health Centers (CHCs) in Research Partnerships: The Role of Prior Research Experience on Perceived Needs and Challenges

Despite community health centers’ substantial role in local communities and in the broader safety‐net healthcare system, very limited research has been conducted on community health center research experience, infrastructure, or needs from a national perspective. A national survey of 386 community health centers was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to assess research engagement among community health centers and their perceived needs, barriers, challenges, and facilitators with respect to their involvement in public health and health services research. This paper analyzes the differences between health centers that currently conduct or participate in research and health centers that have no prior research experience to determine whether prior research experience is indicative of different perceived challenges and research needs in community health center settings.     

Assessment of health, well-being and social connections: a survey of women living in Western Sydney

Strengthening the physical and social environment has been shown to support health and strengthen community action for health. In an attempt to improve the social factors that influence the health of individuals and the community, community interventions increasingly include strategies to build networks and social capital and develop resilience. This study was undertaken to identify the most appropriate strategies to strengthen friendships and the social support networks for women aged 18-39 years living in Villawood, an area of high disadvantage in South Western Sydney, Australia. Although the majority reported positively on their health, one-third reported feeling isolated, experienced low energy levels and felt unhappy and anxious over the past month. Women who described themselves as unemployed felt more isolated than women in home duties. Women who were employed or engaged in home duties had more contact with neighbours, and had more in common with their neighbours. Those who reported more contact with their neighbours perceived their mental health level as being higher. These results indicate that community development initiatives should include consultation with the community and consider the needs of socially isolated groups and those with the poorest health status.     

Does Advanced Community/Public Health Nursing Practice Have a Future?

Societal trends and predicted needs of the health care system indicate that there will be increasing demands for health care professionals who can effectively manage the health needs of populations and communities. Nurses who have master's degrees in community/public health nursing have the educational background to provide this expertise. Although the Association of Community Health Nursing Educators and many nursing leaders maintain that these nurses are advanced practice nurses, most leading nursing organizations and state nurse practice acts do not include population and community health management skills in their definitions of advanced practice nursing. These exclusions have produced a serious status problem for master's programs in community/public health nursing. This article examines issues affecting the current and future status of master's-level community/public health nursing. Solutions are suggested for ensuring the viability of this specialty area.     

Development of a community health promotion center based on the World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies

Aim: To describe the development process of nursing school‐led community health promotion centers (CHPC) to improve the health of the surrounding communities. Methods: This study design was a research and development study. (i) Assessment of health needs by interviewing 359 people in the community to select health programs for the community health promotion center. (ii) Five health promotion strategies from the Ottawa Charter were applied to develop the community health promotion center for a city community. Results: (i) The people in the community had higher socioeconomic status levels and better health behaviors compared to the general Korean population, and they also listed chronic health problem management as their first priority health service. (ii) Development of the community health promotion center was done based on the five World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community actions, develop personal skills, and reorient health services. Conclusions: The present study showed that the WHO's five Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies were useful for developing health promotion centers in the community.