海南粗榧新碱衍生物HH07A的抗肿瘤作用

用细胞生长曲线测定法及软琼脂集落形成分析法研究了HH07A对几种肿瘤及正常细胞生长的影响。结果表明,1.5ug·ml^-1及3μg·ml^-1HH07A能分别明显抑制L1210和HL-60细胞的生长。3种肿瘤细胞对HH07A的敏感性依次为L1210>KB>HL-60,而正常小鼠粒系祖细胞GM-CPC对药物的敏感性则低于前三者,且HH07A3.5μg·ml^-1对HL-60细胞无分化诱导作用。HH07A对腹水型L1210白血病小鼠、S180小鼠均有较明显的治疗作用,使L1210荷瘤小鼠、S180荷瘤小鼠存活时间延长。也能抑制S180实体瘤的生长。     

海南粗榧新碱衍生物HH07A对肿瘤细胞内DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ和蛋白激酶C活性的影响

HH07A 5.5 μmol·L^-1作用L1210细胞24 h后, 可使细胞的DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ活性下降; 在无细胞系统, HH07A 0.55 mmol·L^-1也能直接促进DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ引起的DNA链断裂. 经HH07A (L1210细胞5.5 μmol·L^-1, HL-60细胞8.25 μmol·L^-1)作用24 h后, L1210及HL-60细胞的胞浆蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性升高, 胞膜PKC活性下降, 而全细胞PKC活性变化不大. 在无细胞系统中, HH07A 1.1 mmol·L^-1能明显抑制PKC的活性.     

海南粗榧新碱衍生物 HH07A 对 DNA 聚合酶 I 活性的影响

用体外DNA聚合酶I作用下DNA合成的方法,研究HH07A的作用机制。结果表明,HH07A对DNA聚合酶I催化下的DNA合成有明显抑制作用,且在一定浓度范围内存在浓度依赖性。将药物与DNA模板及DNA聚合酶I分别预保温后,发现DNA模板活性无明显改变,而酶的活性则受到显著抑制。提示HH07A对DNA聚合酶I催化下DNA合成的抑制是通过HH07A与DNA聚合酶I直接作用而实现的。     

鼻咽清颗粒抑制鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞体外增殖及对放疗敏感性的影响

摘 要 目的：体外考察鼻咽清颗粒对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的抑制和放射增敏作用。方法: 以体外培养的鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞为研究对象,MTT法考察鼻咽清颗粒对CNE-2细胞的增殖抑制作用,克隆形成实验检测鼻咽清颗粒对CNE-2细胞的放射增敏效应,流式细胞仪检测鼻咽清颗粒对CNE-2细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响。 结果: 鼻咽淸颗粒浓缩液能抑制CNE-2细胞的增殖,其抑制作用呈时间 剂量依赖性;24,48和72 h的IC₅₀分别70.79,60.13,51.63 mg·mL^-1（按主药材质量计）;集落形成实验表明鼻咽清颗粒的浓缩液联合放射能明显降低CNE-2细胞集落形成,随着主药浓度的增加,CNE-2细胞集落形成减少,阴性对照组、单纯放射组、10 mg·mL^-1和20 mg·mL^-1 （按主药材的重量计）鼻咽清浓缩液的集落形成数差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;随着培养基中鼻咽清主药含量的增加,G2/M期所占的百分比提高,凋亡细胞所占的比例也相应增加,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:鼻咽清颗粒可抑制鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞增殖,将CNE-2细胞阻滞于G2/M期,诱导鼻咽癌细胞凋亡,具有放疗增敏作用。     

维甲类化合物对癌细胞集落形成能力的影响

用液体及软琼脂两种培养方法比较了几种维甲类化合物对小鼠B 16黑色素瘤细胞集落形成能力的影响。软琼脂分析法比较敏感,1×10^-8mol/L的药物即能明显地抑制集落形成。各种化合物抑制作用的活性为RA>RⅡ>R 81001>RⅠ。由于软琼脂集落形成能力是癌细胞特性之一,故B16细胞软琼脂集落分析法可以作为筛选和比较维甲类化合物对癌细胞分化诱导活性的一个指标。     

基于代谢组学的柠檬烯抗非小细胞肺癌作用机制研究

目的 采用非靶向代谢组学等方法，探究柠檬烯抑制非小细胞肺癌增殖的作用机制。方法 以肺癌A549细胞为研究对象，通过CCK-8法测定柠檬烯抑制A549细胞活力及IC₅₀；通过集落形成、流式细胞检测、铁含量测定及线粒体染色等实验，分别评价柠檬烯的体外抗肺癌及诱导铁死亡作用；代谢组学分析发现柠檬烯的潜在作用通路；最后采用Western blotting对相关通路主要蛋白进行验证。结果 与对照组相比，柠檬烯给药组可以显著抑制A549细胞的增殖及集落的形成，且呈剂量依赖性；光学显微镜观察发现，柠檬烯给药后A549细胞出现脱落现象，并可显著改变其形态；同时柠檬烯具有诱导A549细胞凋亡作用，并阻滞在G₀-G₁期；共聚焦显微镜发现柠檬烯作用后，A549细胞线粒体荧光减弱，同时细胞内铁含量亦显著增加，呈现典型的铁死亡表现；代谢组学研究发现谷胱甘肽(glutathione，GSH)代谢、精氨酸生物合成、D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢及半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢等多条差异代谢通路，这些通路与细胞内GSH合成密切相关；Western blotting实验发现，柠檬烯给药后细胞中SLC40A1、SLC7A11(xCT)及GPX4蛋白含量显著减少。结论 柠檬烯抗肺癌作用机制可能与降低肺癌细胞中GSH合成及增加Fe²⁺含量诱导其铁死亡有关。     

余甘子醇提物抑制人胃癌株AGS细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的作用

目的 考察余甘子醇提物体外对人胃癌AGS细胞的生长抑制和诱导凋亡的作用。方法 采用MTT法、细胞集落实验、Hoechst染色分析、Annexin-V-FITC/PI等方法对经过余甘子醇提物体外作用的AGS细胞进行观察和检测。结果 AGS细胞经0.05,0.1,0.15 mg·mL^-1余甘子醇提物作用后,各组细胞形态均发生不同程度的变化,并呈现浓度-时间依赖性;细胞集落实验表明余甘子醇提物抑制肿瘤细胞的集落形成率;Hoechst染色分析、Annexin V/PI实验表明余甘子醇提物能够促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结论 余甘子醇提物在体外对人胃癌AGS细胞具有良好的抑制生长和诱导凋亡的作用。     

人8羟-基鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶1基因低表达增加肺腺癌细胞对博来霉素的敏感性

目的研究DNA碱基切除修复基因人8羟-基鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶1(hOGG1)低表达增加肺腺癌细胞对博来霉素(BLM)的敏感性的作用,为化疗增敏提供更多的实验依据。方法以肺腺癌A549细胞和通过稳定转染hOGG1核酶而获得的hOGG1低表达的A549-R细胞为研究对象,用MTT试验和集落形成抑制试验测定不同浓度BLM处理后两种细胞的存活率和形成集落的能力;体外微核试验及单细胞凝胶电泳检测两种细胞微核率及DNA损伤与修复的差异。结果BLM作用下A549-R细胞的IC50及集落形成率显著低于A549细胞;BLM可诱导两种细胞的微核率增高,而在相同浓度下A549-R细胞微核率较A549细胞更高;单细胞凝胶电泳结果显示,BLM作用下两种细胞均有不同程度DNA损伤,A549-R细胞的拖尾率和DNA迁移长度显著大于A549细胞;损伤后A549细胞修复发生较A549-R早,与A549细胞相比A549-R细胞更不易修复。结论hOGG1低表达使肺腺癌细胞DNA修复能力降低,从而使其对BLM的敏感性增强。     

阿霉素、六亚甲双乙酰胺、维A酸和阿扎胞苷对FUKU细胞的生长和集落形成的作用

本文应用不同浓度的阿霉素、六亚甲双乙酰胺(HMBA)、维A酸和阿扎胞苷对鼠乳房腺癌的表皮细胞株FUKU细胞的生长和集落(克隆)形成的作用进行初步探讨。结果表明,阿霉素、HMBA和阿扎胞苷对FUKU细胞的生长和集落形成的抑制作用主要与它们的浓度和作用时间密切相关。维A酸对FUKU细胞的生长抑制作用较小,其对集落形成的抑制作用与维A酸作用时间有关。     

从海南哥纳香中分离的一种新化合物──海南哥纳香醇甲的抗肿瘤作用

体外用细胞生长曲线测定法、MTT试验、软琼脂集落形成分析法,及体内对移植性肿瘤实验,研究了海南哥纳香醇甲(GHM-10)的抗肿瘤作用,结果表明:GHM-10对肿瘤细胞有较强的抑制作用,IC₅₀在2μg·ml^-1左右;对正常细胞影响较小,骨髓祖细胞的敏感性则更低;耐药的KB/VCR200细胞及其亲本KB细胞具有相似的敏感性。GHM-10对HL-60细胞无分化诱导作用。GHM-10对实体型肝癌H22小鼠、Lewis肺癌小鼠及腹水型S180小鼠均有明显的治疗作用。     

Successful chemoimmunotherapy of murine L1210 lymphatic leukemia with cyclophosphamide and mafosfamide-treated leukemia cells

Summary Balb/c × DBA/2 F₁ mice (CD2F₁ mice) bearing L1210 lymphatic leukemia (10 L1210 cells i.p. injected on day 0) were subjected to chemoimmunotherapy. They received 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide i.p. on day + 8 and 10⁶ or 10⁷ immunogenic L1210 cells treated in vitro with mafosfamide — ASTA Z7654 (L1210-Maf cells) i.p. or i.p. + s.c. on days 0, + 3, + 6, + 9, + 12 after the leukemia implantation.About 30% of leukemia-bearing mice receiving cyclophosphamide and L1210-Maf cells after L1210 inoculation were able to reject the leukemia (as compared with 0% after injection of L1210-Maf cells only or 5% after cyclophosphamide administration). Better results (54% of cured mice) were obtained if 10⁷ L1210-Maf cells were injected i.p. + s.c. beside cyclophosphamide. Biological response modifiers (BRM's): levamisole, BCG, bestatin did not improve these results in the doses used in the experiment.Augmentation of anti-L1210 therapeutic response is dependent on the administration of cyclophosphamide and L1210-Maf cels. Cyclophosphamide not only reduces the tumor burden but probably can potentiate the L1210-Maf dependent antitumor immunity as well.     

Role of thymidine kinase in the inhibitory activity of 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridines on the growth of human and murine tumor cell lines

Twenty-four 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines have been evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the growth of three human lymphoblast cell lines (Namalva, Raji and TK^? (thymidine kinase deficient) Raji) and these inhibitory effects were compared to those for two murine leukemia cell lines (L1210/0 and L1210/BdUrd). The latter was selected from the parental L1210/0 cell line by its ability to grow at high concentrations of 5-bromo-dUrd and could also be considered as TK^?. There was a close correlation between the inhibitory effects of the deoxyuridine analogs on Namalva, Raji and L1210 cells: the correlation coefficient (r) for log id₅₀ (median inhibitory dose) for L1210 cell growth, on the one hand, and log id₅₀ for Namalva or Raji cell growth, on the other hand, was 0.902 and 0.929, respectively. There was also a strong correlation (r = 0.936) between the log id₅₀ values for the two human lymphoblast cell lines. However, there was no significant correlation (r < 0.40) either between the log id₅₀ for the TK^? Raji cells and the parental TK⁺ Raji cells, or between the log id₅₀ for the TK^? L1210/BdUrd cells and the parental TK⁺ L1210/0 cells. We may conclude therefore, that (i) the murine leukemia L1210 cell system is predictive for the growth-inhibitory effects of 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines on human lymphoblast cell lines, and (ii) the antitumor cell activity of the 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines is, to a large extent, dependent on the thymidine kinase activity of the tumor cells.     

Cytocidal action of homoharringtonine on L1210 cells in vitro

The proliferation of L 1210 cells ceased rapidly after they were exposed to homoharringtonine (HH) 1 microgram/ml during exponential growth phase. However, 25.3% of the cells were still able to form colonies in soft agar if HH was removed after 24 h of incubation (the colony-forming efficiency for control cells was 62.5%). The clonogenic cells survived from the treatment were still sensitive to HH-continuous exposure. The IC50 of the treated and control cells were 15 and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Yet, the sensitivity of the treated cells to cytarabine decreased enormously. For instance, the survival rate of HH-treated cells remained at 100% level after they were exposed to cytarabine 4-8 micrograms/ml for 1 h, but only 40% control cells survived from the same treatment. When cells were continuously exposed to HH 0.4 micrograms/ml, the colony-forming efficiency decreased exponentially as a function of exposure time. The T1/2 of the clonogenic cells was about 18 h. The DNA contents in L 1210 cells was measured with a flow-cytometer. The results showed that the cell-cycle progress in all cells was interrupted by HH, regardless which phase they belonged to. So the cells seemed to be in a "frozen" state and the histogram unchanged.     

海南哥纳香醇甲GHM-10对L1210细胞DNA分子结构及拓扑异构酶II活性的影响

目的： 研究海南哥纳香醇甲（GHM-10）抑癌细胞DNA合成的作用机制。 方法： 用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测GHM-10对L1210细胞DNA分子的损伤,碱洗脱法测定GHM-10对L1210细胞DNA单链长度的影响,用GHM-10对超螺旋pUC18 DNA的解旋能力测定它对DNA拓扑异构酶II活性的影响。 结果： L1210细胞用GHM-10 (4～10) μg.ml^-1处理4.5 h后,DNA分子受损,表现为电泳后在荧光显微镜下可见彗星状拖尾。GHM-10 (4～25) μg.ml^-1处理L1210细胞5 h, 可引起DNA单链断裂。 L1210细胞或从L1210细胞分离的蛋白质在用GHM-10处理后,DNA拓扑异构酶II的活性均被抑制。结论： GHM-10可引起L1210细胞DNA分子损伤; 无论在细胞内还是细胞外,GHM-10可抑制拓扑异构酶II的活性。     

三尖杉酯碱对小鼠白血病L-1210细胞和正常骨髓干细胞的影响

用放射自显影技术观察了三尖杉酯碱对小鼠白血病L-1210细胞周期的影响。氚标记的胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷脉冲标记试验证明,接种后第6天的L-1210细胞的一代周期时间(T_C)为15.8小时,其S期(T_S),G₁期(T_G1),G₂期(T_G3)及M期时间(T_M)分别为10.7,2.0,2.7,0.4小时。腹腔注射三尖杉酯碱30μg/只一次,L-1210细胞的有丝分裂指数(MI)明显降低,其标记指数(LI)及每个细胞的标记颗粒数也明显减少,由S期向G₂及M期移行时间延长。鉴于三尖杉酯碱的限制性毒性为骨髓抑制,我们用脾集落形成试验(CFU-S)研究了三尖杉酯碱对CFW纯种小鼠骨髓干细胞的影响。实验表明,三尖杉酯碱的剂量小于0.5mg/kg时,对骨髓干细胞无明显影响。当剂量高于此剂量时,三尖杉酯碱对骨髓干细胞的杀伤呈剂量依赖性。实验证明,人参总皂甙对三尖杉酯碱的骨髓毒性有一定保护作用。     

In vivo inhibition of adenosine deaminase by 2'-deoxycoformycin in mouse blood and leukemia L1210 cells

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in mouse whole blood, washed erythrocytes and L1210 cells were 0.48, 0.93 and 4.76 units/ml respectively. Methods were developed to determine the second-order association rate constant (k₁) of a tight-binding ADA inhibitor, deoxycoformycin (DCF), and ADA in mouse blood and L1210 cells in vivo. After i.v. injection of DCF, the inhibition of the enzyme was of a monophasic pseudo-first-order nature in blood and biphasic (with an initial lag of 3–5 min) in L1210 cells. In contrast, i.p. injection of DCF produced the opposite pattern, monophasic in L1210 cells and biphasic in blood. The apparent k₁ values determined from the linear portions of these curves were compared with the k₁ values obtained in vitro. The mean k₁ values in vivo were: 4.2 × 10⁴ and 1.4 × 10⁴M^?1 sec^?1 in blood after i.v. and i.p. injections, respectively, and 2.6 × 10³ and 2.2 × 10⁴ M^?1 sec^?1 in L1210 cells after i.v. and i.p. injections respectively. The k₁ values with either whole blood or L1210 in vitro (3.1 × 10⁴ and 5.5 × 10³ M^?1 sec^?1, respectively) were of the same order of magnitude as those obtained with these tissues in vivo. In contrast, the k₁ values were about 150 to 1400-fold higher when either blood hemolysates (4.8 x 10^?6M^?1 sec^?1) or homogenized L1210 cells (7.5 x 10^6?1 sec^?1) were used. The 150 to 1400-fold higher k₁ values for blood hemolysates and homogenized L1210 cells than for intact cell samples (whole blood or whole L1210 ascitic fluid) suggest that the cell membrane plays a role in the interaction of DCF and ADA in these cell lines. The similarity of the rates of association of DCF and ADA in vivo and in vitro for mouse blood and ascites L1210 cells suggests that data obtained in vitro may be used to estimate the k₁ values in in vivo conditions.     

Inhibitory activity of diarylamidine derivatives on murine leukemia L1210 cell growth

Summary A series of 96 diarylamidine (and diarylimidazoline) derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the growth and DNA synthesis of murine leukemia L1210 cells. The amidino- and imidazolino-substituted aryl moieties of the compounds consisted of phenyl, indole, indene, benzofuran, benzo[b]thiophene or benzimidazole. Several of these compounds were found to inhibit L1210 cell proliferation with an ID₅₀ (50% inhibitory dose) of 1 g/ml or lower. Structure-function analysis revealed that the antitumor cell activity of the diarylamidines depended on the planarity of the molecule, the presence of amidino- (or, preferably, imidazolino-) groups on both aryl moieties, the nature of the bridge connecting the two aryl moieties (preferably no bridge at all, phenoxy or ethene) and, finally, the nature of the aryl moieties (preferably, benzofuran or benzo[b]thiophene). Hence, compound 20 (6-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-2-[4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)phenyl] benzo[b]thiophene) emerged as the most potent inhibitor of L1210 cell growth (ID₅₀: 0.21 g/ml). Its inhibitory potency was similar to that of the well-known trypanocidal drug ethidium bromide (compound 98). For all diarylamidine derivatives taken together, some correlation (r = 0.612) was noted between the log ID₅₀ for L1210 cell proliferation and the log ID₅₀ for L1210 cell DNA synthesis (as monitored by [methyl ³H]dThd incorporation). These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of the diarylamidines on L1210 cell proliferation may at least partially reside in an inhibition of DNA synthesis. Compound 41 (2,2-vinylenedi-1-benzofuran-5-carboxamidine), that exhibited a potent antitumor activity in vitro (ID₅₀: 1.5 g/ml), was further evaluated for its antitumor efficacy in vivo and found to increase the median survival time of L1210 cell-inoculated BDF₁ mice up to 204%, if administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg.