TCI舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人麻醉恢复质量的比较

目的 比较TCI舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人的麻醉恢复质量.方法 择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人40例,年龄40～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=20):TCI瑞芬太尼复合麻醉组(R组)和TCI舒芬太尼复合麻醉组(S组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射阿托品0.25 mg,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼(或舒芬太尼),异丙酚血浆靶浓度(Cp)为4.0μg/ml,瑞芬太尼Cp为4.0 ng/ml,舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)为0.4 ng/ml,静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg,气管插管后机械通气.麻醉维持:TCI异丙酚,瑞芬太尼Cp和舒芬太尼Ce分别为2.5、0.25 ng/ml,间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.03 mg/kg,调节异丙酚Cp和七氟醚浓度,维持Norcotrend指数37～56.记录苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间和麻醉恢复期不良事件的发生情况.结果 与R组比较,S组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长,但是高血压、心动过速、呛咳、躁动和寒颤的发生率降低(P＜0.05);2组均无一例病人发生苏醒延迟或呼吸抑制.结论 与TCI瑞芬太尼复合麻醉比较,TCI舒芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人麻醉恢复质量较高.     

复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度

目的 确定复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期行纤维支气管镜检查患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=20).两组均以TCI瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉,异丙酚效应室靶浓度3μg/ml,瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度采用序贯法确定,第1例患者瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度5μg/L,相邻靶浓度之比为1.1.A组以检查过程中BIS≤60为合适麻醉深度,B组以检查过程中气道反应≤Ⅱ级为合适麻醉深度.分别计算两组瑞芬太尼抑制气道反应的EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 A组和B组瑞芬太尼的EC50及其95%CI分别为4.50μg/L(95%CI 3.88～5.36μg/L)和4.10ug/L(95%CI 3.31～5.00μg/L),A组EC50高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 复合TCI异丙酚(效应室靶浓度为3μg/L)时,瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的EC50为4.10μg/L.BIS不适宜作为反映异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉深度的指标.     

纤维支气管镜检查术中瑞芬太尼复合不同靶浓度丙泊酚的应用

目的 比较纤维支气管镜检查术瑞芬太尼靶控输注复合不同靶浓度丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉效果.方法 行纤维支气管镜检查患者150例.ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,性别不限,按照数字随机分为三组,P5.0组、P5.5组和P6.0组.采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚行全凭静脉麻醉,瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度3.0 ng/ml靶控输注,丙泊酚效应室靶浓度5.0、5.5、6.0 μg/ml靶控输注,两者效应室靶浓度达到目标浓度时开始检查,检查结束停止用药.检查期间采用高频喷射通气供氧,频率150次/分,推动压力0.2 MPa,I:E为1:1.5.记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后1 min(T1)、纤维支气管镜至鼻道(T2)、至声门(T3)、至隆突(T4)、至主支气管(T5)、至叶支气管(T6)、灌洗活检(T7)、术毕(T8)、患者睁眼(T9)和清醒(T10)时的MAP、HR、SpO2、NT值.记录麻醉诱导时间(从用药到检查开始)、检查持续时间、呛咳情况、患者睁眼和苏醒时间.记录利多卡因表面麻醉、麻黄碱静注、尼卡地平及艾司洛尔静注的例数.在T0、T8、T10三个时点分别抽取患者的动脉血行血气分析,记录PO2和PCO2值.结果 三组MAP、HR、SpO2波动均在正常范围内.P6.0组的麻醉诱导时间、睁眼时间和苏醒时间明显高于P5.0组和P6.5组(P＜0.05).P5.5组和P6.0组麻醉效果明显好于P5.0组(P＜0.05).P5.5组术者的满意度明显高于P5.0组和P6.0组(P＜0.05).三组患者舒适度差异无统计学意义.P5.5组不良反应发生例数明显少于P5.0组和P6.0组(P＜0.05).三组均未出现SpO2＜85%或心律失常的不良反应.三组间PO2和PCO2差异无统计学意义.结论 丙泊酚效应室靶浓度5.5 μg/ml复合瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度3.0 ng/ml靶控输注,行纤维支气管镜检查麻醉术麻醉效果最好.     

复合靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的药效学

目的 探讨复合靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的药效学.方法 拟行经胸骨正中劈开胸腺切除术的重症肌无力患者45例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼进行麻醉诱导,异丙酚血浆靶浓度为4 μg/ml,瑞芬太尼初始效应室靶浓度(Ce)为1.8 ng/ml,依次按2.7、4.0、6.0 ng/ml梯度递增,至患者可耐受喉麻管置入声门下进行气管内表麻后,进行气管插管.采用概率单位回归分析法分别计算瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50和Ce95.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50为2.2 ng/ml,其95%可信区间为2.0～2.3 ng/ml;抑制气管插管反应的Ce95为3.0 ng/ml,其95%可信区间为2.8～3.5 ng/ml.结论 复合靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度为4 μg/ml)时,瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的Ce50和Ce95分别为2.2、3.0 ng/ml.     

心脏瓣膜置换术患者不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉的效果

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜置换术患者靶控输注(TCI)不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉的效果.方法 择期行心脏瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者40例,心功能Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=20):低浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚组(L组)和高浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚组(H组).静脉注射不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚进行麻醉诱导,术中调节异丙酚血浆靶浓度,维持脑电双频指数40～60,L组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)为4～8 ng,ml,CPB期间维持Ce 2 ng/ml;H组瑞芬太尼Ce为8-12ng,ml,CPB期间维持Ce 4 ng/ml.记录心率、收缩压、舒张压、血管活性药应用及术后恢复情况,测定麻醉诱导前即刻、劈胸骨后5 min、心脏复跳后5 min和术毕时血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇浓度.结果 2组术中循环稳定,血管活性药使用率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组未发生术中知晓,术后无明显低血压和恶性心律失常发生,所有患者痊愈出院.与L组比较,H组切皮前和CPB前心率减慢(P＜0.05),劈胸骨后5 min血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和异丙酚靶浓度较低,术中异丙酚总用量减少(P＜0.05).结论 心脏瓣膜置换术患者TCI瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉时,当瑞芬太尼ce为4～12 ng/ml时,血液动力学稳定,术后恢复好;Ce为8～12 ng/ml时可减少异丙酚用量,减轻CPB前应激反应.     

右美托咪定复合靶控输注异丙酚-瑞芬太尼用于老年患者纤维支气管镜检查术的效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定复合靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚-瑞芬太尼用于老年患者纤维支气管镜检查术的效果.方法 择期行纤维支气管镜检查术的老年患者40例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄65 ～ 75岁,BMI 20～30 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=20):生理盐水对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组).麻醉诱导前10 min D组静脉注射右美托咪定负荷剂量0.5μg/kg,随后以0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1的速率维持至检查结束,C组给予等容量生理盐水.麻醉诱导时TCI异丙酚(效应室靶浓度为3 μg/ml),待血浆-效应室浓度平衡后开始TCI瑞芬太尼(效应室靶浓度为4ng/ml),待患者意识消失后置入纤维支气管镜,入镜后调整异丙酚效应室靶浓度至1～3 μg/ml、瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度至2～4 ng/ml.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后即刻(T1)、纤维支气管镜进入声门即刻(T2)、到达隆突即刻(T3)、检查完成即刻(T4)、检查完成后10 min(T)时记录MAP、HR和警觉镇静评分(OAA/S评分),记录异丙酚和瑞芬太尼的用量、检查时间、苏醒时间以及检测期间心血管不良反应、低氧血症、恶心呕吐、反流误吸等不良反应的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,D组T5时OAA/S评分明显升高,异丙酚和瑞芬太尼用量减少,苏醒时间缩短,低血压和低氧血症发生率降低(P＜0.05).2组均未出现恶心呕吐、反流误吸等严重不良反应.结论 右美托咪定(给予负荷剂量0.5 μg/kg后以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1维持输注)复合TCI异丙酚-瑞芬太尼可安全有效地用于老年患者纤维支气管镜检查.     

靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的药效学

目的 探讨TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的药效学.方法 择期乳腺纤维瘤切除术患者36例,年龄18～59岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,BMI＜30 kg/m2.采用序贯法进行试验,TCI异丙酚,Ce为4.0μg/ml,待患者意识消失后,TCI瑞芬太尼,初始Ce 2.9 ng/ml,待Ce与血浆浓度达平衡后3 min置入喉罩,相邻Ce之比为1.2.喉罩置入成功的标准为:Muzi评分≤2分且喉罩置入后3 min内MAP和HR升高不超过基础值水平的15%.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制喉罩置管反应的EC50为2.75ng/ml,95%可信区间为2.51～3.01 ng/ml.结论 TCI异丙酚Ce为4.0μg/ml时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的EC50为2.75 ng/ml.     

妇科手术患者术后并发癔症3例

病例1 女性,44岁,拟在全麻下行腹腔镜全子宫切除术.靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚(血浆靶浓度分别为5.0、5.5 μg/ml),静脉注射维库溴铵4 mg麻醉诱导后气管插管;靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚(血浆靶浓度分别为2.5～5.0、3.0～5.5μg/ml)维持麻醉,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持肌松.     

BIS指导靶控输注依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼用于非心脏手术麻醉的效果:前瞻性、随机、单盲、多中心、临床对比研究

目的 评价脑电双频谱指数(BIS)指导靶控输注(TCI)依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼用于非心脏手术麻醉的效果.方法 择期非心脏手术患者244例,性别不限,年龄20～60岁,体重54～76 kg,身高151～176 cm,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,预计手术时间＜3h.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组:丙泊酚TCI复合麻醉组(P组,n=121)和依托咪酯TCI复合麻醉组(E组,n=123).麻醉诱导:2组静脉注射舒芬太尼0.3～0.4 μg/kg;E组TCI依托咪酯,效应室靶浓度(Ce)0.5～1.0 μg/ml,P组TCI丙泊酚,Ce3～4μg/ml,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg,气管插管后机械通气,维持PET CO2 35～ 40 mm Hg.麻醉维持:E组TCI依托咪酯,Ce 0.3～0.8 μg/ml;P组TCI丙泊酚,Ce 3 ～4 μg/ml,静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.1～1.0μg·kg-1·min-1,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵10 ～ 20 mg,维持BIS值40～60.记录意识消失时、麻醉维持和苏醒时依托咪酯的Ce,记录麻醉诱导时药物注射痛发生情况及术中血管活性药物使用情况、瑞芬太尼用量、苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间、麻醉恢复期恶心呕吐及躁动的发生情况.结果 意识消失和苏醒时依托咪酯Ce分别为(0.50±0.22)、(0.16±0.09)μg/ml,麻醉维持时Ce 0.22～0.39μg/ml.与P组比较,E组注射痛发生率与血管活性药物使用率降低,瑞芬太尼用量增加,躁动及恶心呕吐发生率升高(P＜0.05或0.01),苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与丙泊酚TCI复合瑞芬太尼麻醉比较,BIS指导依托咪酯TCI复合瑞芬太尼用于3h内非心脏手术麻醉时,血液动力学更平稳,无明显注射痛,而麻醉恢复期躁动及恶心呕吐的发生机率升高.     

小儿瑞芬太尼靶控输注系统的准确性

目的 评价小儿瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI)系统的准确性.方法 择期行五官科或泌尿科手术小儿30例,年龄3～12岁,体重10～40 kg,采用随机数字表法,将患儿随机分为2 ng/ml瑞芬太尼组(Ⅰ组)和4 ng/ml瑞芬太尼组(Ⅱ组),每组15例.Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组采用内嵌Minto药代动力学参数的瑞芬太尼TCI系统输注瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度分别为2、4 ng/ml,静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg,待患儿意识消失后静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg诱导气管插管后行机械通气.两组瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度维持不变,调节异丙酚输注速率,维持脑电双频谱指数45～65或听觉诱发电位指数＜30,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持肌松.于TCI瑞芬太尼开始后5、10、20、30、40、50、60 min时抽取桡动脉血样,采用高效液相色谱法测定瑞芬太尼血药浓度,计算TCI系统的偏离度、精确度和摆动度.结果 与血浆靶浓度比较,两组瑞芬太尼实测浓度均升高(P＜0.05);Ⅰ组TCI系统的偏离度、精确度和摆动度分别为20.0%、30.0%和25.0%,Ⅱ组分别为17.5%、17.5%和12.5%,与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组TCI系统的精确度和摆动度降低(P＜0.05),偏离度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 3～12岁小儿采用内嵌Minto药代动力学参数的TCI系统输注瑞芬太尼时准确性不高.     

复合异丙酚时不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 探讨复合异丙酚时不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期拟行额颞部开颅手术患者15例,年龄18～64岁,体重50～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.先靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度为3μg/ml,效应室浓度达预设浓度后靶控输注瑞芬太尼,效应室靶浓度分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8 ng/ml,效应室浓度依次达预设浓度时记录血压(BP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS.瑞芬太尼效应室浓度达5 ng/ml时行气管插管和机械通气,于气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻记录BP、MAP、HR和BIS.结果 与基础值比较,异丙酚效应室浓度3μG/ml 和瑞芬太尼不同效应室浓度时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01);与异丙酚效应室浓度3μg/ml时比较,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 nG/Ml时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 ng/ml时可降低神经外科手术患者的BIS.     

帕瑞昔布钠对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时肺内分流的影响

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气(OLV)时肺内分流的影响.方法 择期行食道癌根治术患者45例,年龄47～57岁,体重42～59kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组:生理盐水组(C组,n=23)和帕瑞昔布钠组(P组,n=22).P组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg(生理盐水稀释至10 ml),C组静脉注射等容量生理盐水.随后两组均靶控输注异丙酚(效应室靶浓度4μg/m1)和舒芬太尼(效应室靶浓度0.3 ng/ml)行麻醉诱导,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg,光纤支气管镜引导下插入双腔气管导管,行机械通气.于麻醉诱导开始后30 min(T0)、单肺通气15 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、1 h(T3)、恢复双肺通气30 min(T4)和1 h(T5)时测定CVP、HR、MAP和气道平均压(Pmean),同时采集颈内静脉和桡动脉血样,进行血气分析,计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt).结果 与T0时比较,两组T1-3时Pmean 和Qs/Qt升高(P＜0.05);与T1时比较,两组T2.3.时Qs/Qt降低(P＜0.05);两组各时点Pmean、Qs/Qt、CVP、HR和MAP比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠40 mg对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时缺氧性肺血管收缩反应无影响.     

Reduction of pain during induction with target-controlled propofol and remifentanil

BACKGROUND: Pain on injection of propofol is unpleasant. We hypothesized that propofol infusion pain might be prevented by infusing remifentanil before starting the propofol infusion in a clinical setting where target-controlled infusions (TCI) of both drugs were used. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to determine the effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil to prevent the pain without producing complications. METHODS: A total of 128 patients undergoing general surgery were randomly allocated to receive normal saline (control) or remifentanil to a target Ce of 2 ng ml(-1) (R2), 4 ng ml(-1) (R4), or 6 ng ml(-1) (R6) administered via TCI. After the target Ce was achieved, the infusion of propofol was started. Remifentanil-related complications were assessed during the remifentanil infusion, and pain caused by propofol was evaluated using a four-point scale during the propofol infusion. RESULTS: The incidence of pain was significantly lower in Groups R4 and R6 than in the control and R2 groups (12/32 and 6/31 vs 26/31 and 25/32, respectively, P<0.001). Pain was less severe in Groups R4 and R6 than in the control and R2 groups (P<0.001). However, both incidence and severity of pain were not different between Groups R4 and R6. No significant complications were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS: During induction of anaesthesia with TCI of propofol and remifentanil, a significant reduction in propofol infusion pain was achieved without significant complications by prior administration of remifentanil at a target Ce of 4 ng ml(-1).     

不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 评价不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者50例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～57岁,随机分为5组(n=10),舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)分别设定为0.07、0.10、0.14、0.20、0.28 ng/ml.持续监测BIS、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压和心电图.麻醉诱导:异丙酚起始血浆靶浓度(Cp)3.0μg/ml,若Ce与Cp平衡后5 min意识仍未消失,以0.3 μg/ml浓度梯度递增,持续靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚Cp和Ce,并维持该浓度,随后按预设不同Ce TCI舒芬太尼,每分钟记录BIS、HR,收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和MAP.待舒芬太尼Ce与Cp平衡时,静脉注射琥珀酰胆碱1.5mg/kg,行气管插管.结果 各组意识消失时异丙酚Cp、Ce及BIS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TCI舒芬太尼后,BIS逐渐降低,当舒芬太尼Cp和Ce平衡时,BIS明显低于TCI舒芬太尼前水平(P<0.05);BIS与舒芬太尼Ce呈负相关(r=-0.419,P<0.05).结论 靶控输注舒芬太尼可进一步降低异丙酚全麻患者的BIS.     

右美托咪啶对瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时患者体动反应半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时患者体动反应半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟行乳房肿瘤切除术患者40例,年龄20～50岁,体重45～58 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为瑞芬太尼组(R组)和右美托咪啶复合瑞芬太尼组(RD组),每组20例.R组和RD组切皮前分别静脉输注生理盐水和右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg,输注时间10min,同时靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度设为3.0 mg/L,13 min后开始靶控输注瑞芬太尼.采用序贯法进行试验,RD组和R组初始效应室靶浓度分别为2.5和3.0μg/L,待两药浓度均达靶浓度后切开皮肤3 cm,有体动反应,则下一例采用高一级浓度,无体动反应,则下一例患者采用低一级浓度,相邻浓度比值为1.2,发生体动反应的标准为患者出现躯干、四肢或头颈可见的运动.计算瑞芬太尼抑制患者体动反应的EC50及其95％可信区间.结果 RD组瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50为1.7 μg/L,95％可信区间为1.5～1.9 μg/L,R组瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50为2.5 μg/L,95％可信区间为2.2～2.7 μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度3.0 mg/L)下,静脉输注右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg可降低瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时患者体动反应的EC50.     

Clinical variables related to propofol effect-site concentrations at recovery of consciousness after neurosurgical procedures

Target controlled infusion (TCI) systems and computer data acquisition software are increasingly used in anesthesia. It was hypothesized that the use of such systems might allow retrieval of information useful to anticipate the effect-site concentrations of propofol at which patients would recover from anesthesia. The goal of the study was to identify variables related to propofol effect-site concentrations at recovery of consciousness (ROC). Sixteen patients with a Glasgow of 15, ASA 1 or 2, subjected to neurosurgical procedures, received TIVA with TCI propofol and remifentanil. Data were collected every 5 seconds from Datex AS3 and Aspect A200XP (BIS). Effect-site TCI was used for propofol (initial effect target 5.0 microg/ml) and for remifentanil (initial plasma target 2.5 ng/ml). All clinical events were noted. Variables possibly related to propofol effect-site concentration at ROC were selected. Data are expressed as mean +/- SD. Effect-site propofol concentration at ROC was 1.3 +/- 0.5 microg/ml. A positive correlation was found between propofol effect-site concentration at ROC and: age (49.3 +/- 17 years) (P = 0.003); mean remifentanil dose during surgery (0.11 +/- 0.05 microg/kg/min) (P = 0.003); mean propofol dose during surgery (0.12 +/- 0.03 mg/kg/min) (P = 0.046); and remifentanil effect-site concentration at ROC (2.85 +/- 2.06 ng/ml) (P = 0.002). Propofol effect-site concentrations were not correlated with: weight, height, LBM, duration of anesthesia, minimum BIS at induction (30.4 +/- 6.8), time till minimum BIS (4.7 +/- 2.2 min), mean and median BIS during surgery (38.2 +/- 4.5 and 37.8 +/- 5.3). BIS-related variables were not useful as ROC predictors. Only drug variables and age correlated with propofol effect-site concentrations at ROC.     

颈内动脉输注异丙酚对胶质瘤切除术患者的脑保护作用

目的 探讨颈内动脉输注异丙酚对胶质瘤切除术患者的脑保护作用.方法 择期胶质瘤切除术患者40例和立体定向胶质瘤活检术患者20例,年龄40～64岁,体重48～73 kg.采用随机数字表法,将拟行胶质瘤切除术患者随机分为2组(n=20):颈内动脉给药组(IA组)和静脉给药组(Ⅳ组).拟行立体定向胶质瘤活检术患者为对照组(C组),采用2%利多卡因15～20 ml术野局部浸润麻醉.IA组和Ⅳ组采用异丙酚-瑞芬太尼-罗库溴铵行麻醉诱导.IA组麻醉诱导后行颈内动脉穿刺置管,颈内动脉靶控输注异丙酚.两组术中调整异丙酚和瑞芬太尼靶浓度,维持BIS值40～60.间断静脉注射罗库溴铵.术中取胶质瘤组织标本,采用免疫组化法测定胶质瘤组织水通道蛋白1(AQP1)和AQP4表达.于麻醉诱导前(T1)、切皮时(T2)、术毕时(T3)、拔除气管导管时(T4)记录MAP和HR;记录手术时间、麻醉用药情况.结果 与T1时比较,Ⅳ组T2,3时MAP和HR降低(P＜0.05),IA组各时点MAP和HR比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与IA组比较,Ⅳ组MAP和HR降低(P＜0.05).与C组比较,IA组和Ⅳ组AQP1和AQP4表达下调(P＜0.05).与Ⅳ组比较,IA组异丙酚用量减少(P＜0.05),AQP1和AQP4表达、瑞芬太尼和罗库溴铵用量、手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与静脉输注异丙酚相比,颈内动脉途径给药不仅可减少胶质瘤切除术患者异丙酚的用量,而且对其脑保护作用没有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the cerebral protective effect of intracarotid infusion of propofol in patients undergoing resection of cerebral gliomas. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients with cerebral glioma aged 40-64 yr weighing 48-73 kg were enrolled in this study. Forty patients undergoing resection of glioma under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 20 each): intracarotid propofol group (group IA ) and intravenous propofol group (group Ⅳ). Twenty patients undergoing biopsy of glioma under local infiltration anesthesia with 2% lidocaine 15-20 md served as control group (group C). In IA and Ⅳ groups anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol and remifentanil. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated. PErCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent iv boluses of rocuronium. In group IA internal carotid artery was cannulated after induction of anesthesia and propofol was administered by TCI via carotid artery while remifentanil was administered by TCI via peripheral vein. BIS was maintained at 40-60 during operation. ECG, MAP, HR, SpO2, PETCO2 and BIS were continuously monitored. MAP and HR were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T1) ,during skin incision (T2 ), at the end of operation (T3), during extubation ( T4 ). The glioma specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and determination of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 ( AQP1, AQP4) expression by immunohistochemistry. Results MAP and HR were significantly decreased at T2 and T3 as compared with the baseline at T1 in group Ⅳ ( P ＜ 0.05), while there was no significant change in MAP and HR after induction of anesthesia in group IA ( P ＞ 0.05). The expression of AQP1 and AQP4 was down-regulated in IA and Ⅳ groups compared with group C (P ＜0.05). The propofol consumption during anesthesia was significantly less in group IA than in group Ⅳ (P ＜0.05). There was no significant diffe-rence in AQP1 and AQP4 expression, the amount of remifentanil and recuronium consumed and duration of operation betweenIA and Ⅳ groups ( P ＞ 0.05). Concltsion Intracarotid propofol can decrease the amount of propofol needed for maintenance of anesthesia as compared with intravenous administration and attenuate brain edema,indicating cerebral protective effect.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 探讨不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法择期全麻手术患者50例,年龄20～55岁,体重48～86 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,BMI＜30 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为5组(n=10):R0组、R1组、R2组、R3组、R4组.麻醉诱导时R0组～R4组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0、2 4 6和8 ng/ml,异丙酚初始效应室靶浓度2.0 μg/ml,待效应室浓度稳定之后每隔1 min增加0.5 μg/ml,直至BIS值降至50.记录患者意识消失时的BIS值、异丙酚效应室浓度.记录BIS值降至50时的异丙酚效应室浓度、异丙酚总用量及所需时间.结果 与R0组比较,R2组～R4组意识消失时BIS值升高,异丙酚效应室浓度降低,BIS值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚效应室浓度降低,所需时间缩短(P＜0.05或0.01),R.组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);R2组～R4组意识消失时BIS值和异丙酚效应室浓度、BIB值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚效应室浓度以及所需时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度达4 ng/ml时可增强异丙酚的镇静效应,且4、6和8 ng/ml时该作用无差异.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) of remifentanil on the sedative effect of propofol. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-55 yr weighing 48-86 kg with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 10 each) . Anesthesia was induced with TCI of remifentanil (Ce = 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml in groups R0-R4 respectively) and propofol. The initial Ce of propofol was 2.0 μg/ml in the 5 groups, and then the Ce of propofol increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 1 min until BIS value decreased to 50. BIS value and Ce of propofol were recorded as the patient lost consciousness. The effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol and the time required were recorded when BIS value decreased to 50.Results BIS value was significantly increased, while the effect-site concentration of propofol was significantly decreased as the patient lost consciousness, and the effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol were significantly decreased and the time required was shortened when BIS value decreased to 50 in R2-R4 groups compared with group R0 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) . Conclusion The sedative effect of propofol can be enhanced when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4 ng/ml, and the effects are comparable when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml.