羟基喜树碱对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织Bax、Bcl-2基因和α-SMA蛋白表达及肝纤维化的影响

目的 考察羟基喜树碱（hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT）对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织中Bax、Bcl-2基因和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）表达及肝纤维化的影响。方法 64只SD大鼠随机分为5组：正常组、模型组、低剂量 HCPT治疗组、中剂量HCPT治疗组、高剂量HCPT治疗组。采用40%四氯化碳（CCl₄）诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型。正常组给予生理盐水腹腔注射;3个治疗组在造模同时分别给予0.25、0.5、1.0 mg/kg HCPT腹腔注射,3次/周,共8周。各组分别在第8周末取肝脏组织,行H-E、Masson染色观察肝脏组织病理学改变;RT-PCR检测肝脏组织中Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA表达并计算Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA比值;免疫组化染色检测肝脏组织中α-SMA蛋白表达;TUNEL染色观察细胞凋亡情况。结果 模型组大鼠出现明显的肝纤维化（Ⅲ期2例,Ⅳ期8例）,各HCPT治疗组的肝纤维化程度较模型组减轻（低剂量组Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期8例,Ⅳ期1例;中剂量组Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期3例;高剂量组Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期2例）,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。RT-PCR检测显示模型组Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA较正常组升高,而各HCPT治疗组较模型组降低（P均<0.05）;模型组Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA比值低于各HCPT治疗组（P均<0.05）。免疫组化染色检测显示模型组α-SMA蛋白表达水平高于中、高剂量HCPT组（P<0.05）。TUNEL染色结果显示正常组、模型组无明显阳性染色,各HCPT治疗组均有阳性染色。结论 HCPT对CCl₄诱导的肝纤维化大鼠模型具有防治作用,抑制肝星状细胞活化增殖,上调Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA比值可能是HCPT抗肝纤维化的部分机制。     

沉默SIRT1基因对高糖诱导的系膜细胞NF-κB p65乙酰化

目的 探讨沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）对高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（RMC）核因子κB（NF-κB） p65蛋白乙酰化及单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）表达的影响。 方法 构建干扰SIRT1基因的shRNA慢病毒质粒pTRC-shSIRT1并进行鉴定。将RMC分为高糖组（用高糖培养液培养）、白藜芦醇（SIRT1激活剂）+高糖组（用含1 μmol/L白藜芦醇的低糖培养液培养24 h后,换用高糖培养液培养）、SIRT1 RNAi组（添加干扰病毒pTRC-shSIRT1感染4 h后,换用低糖培养液培养）、SIRT1 RNAi+高糖组（添加干扰病毒pTRC-shSIRT1感染4 h后,换用高糖培养液培养）,同时设正常对照组和甘露醇高渗对照组。以实时荧光定量PCR检测SIRT1、MCP-1的mRNA表达,蛋白质印迹法检测SIRT1和NF-κB p65乙酰化蛋白的表达,ELISA技术检测MCP-1蛋白含量。 结果 质粒测序证实干扰SIRT1基因的shRNA慢病毒载体构建成功,且能抑制RMC中SIRT1基因表达（P<0.01）。高糖刺激使RMC SIRT1基因表达降低,NF-κB p65蛋白乙酰化增强,MCP-1 mRNA和蛋白水平增高;SIRT1激活剂白藜芦醇可逆转高糖引起的变化;而沉默SIRT1可促进高糖诱导的RMC NF-κB p56乙酰化及MCP-1 mRNA和蛋白表达（P<0.05或0.01）。 结论 SIRT1可抑制高糖诱导的RMC MCP-1表达,其机制可能与NF-κB p56去乙酰化有关。     

大鼠心肌梗死模型构建和评价方法的改良

目的 优化和改良大鼠心肌梗死模型的构建和评价方法,提高模型的可靠性和稳定性。方法 取雄性SD大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立心肌梗死模型,在模型的构建过程中从麻醉、插气管、保温、手术操作、术后护理等环节进行优化和改进,并观察不同的麻醉方法和术后时间对心肌梗死程度的影响,用不同的染色方式进行心肌梗死模型的评价。结果 对比大鼠心肌梗死模型构建过程中各组大鼠麻醉时间、术后恢复以及心肌梗死面积的结果,戊巴比妥钠是更合适的麻醉药;结扎手术后时间对模型心肌梗死范围无明显影响（P >0.05）,但心肌缺血危险区面积随术后时间的延长明显减少（P<0.01）;TTC与依文思蓝双重染色相对TTC染色能明显观察到心肌缺血危险区和梗死区范围。结论 优化和改进后的大鼠心肌梗死模型,提高了动物福利,制备和评价方法更加客观准确。     

电针对局灶脑缺血/再灌注模型大鼠缺血海马区血管再生的影响及其机制

目的 探讨电针促进局灶脑缺血/再灌注后缺血海马区血管再生的机制。方法 180只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组、CXCR4特异性拮抗剂AMD3100药物组、AMD3100+电针组。线栓法制备右侧局灶脑缺血/再灌注模型。取大鼠“百会”穴（GV 20）及左侧“四关”穴（合谷LI 4/太冲LR 3）为电针穴位,刺激时间为30 min/d。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RT-PCR）检测各组缺血海马区SDF-1α、CXCR4 mRNA表达,免疫荧光双标法检测CD34⁺VEGFR2⁺ EPCs源性血管的表达。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组与电针组SDF-1α、CXCR4 mRNA表达明显增高（P<0.05）,其中电针组各时间点相对模型组增高更为显著（P<0.05）。AMD3100+电针组缺血海马SDF-1α、CXCR4 mRNA表达在再灌注后1 d时明显高于电针组（P<0.05）,但后逐渐下降,7 d时明显低于电针组（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,电针组再灌注3 d、7 d海马CD34⁺VEGFR2⁺ EPCs源性血管表达明显增多（P<0.05）。与电针组比较,AMD3100+电针组再灌注后7 d CD34⁺VEGFR2⁺EPCs源性血管表达明显下降（P<0.01）。CD34⁺VEGFR2⁺血管表达变化与SDF-1α的表达变化显著相关（R=0.784,P<0.01）。结论 电针可通过上调局灶脑缺血/再灌注大鼠缺血海马区SDF-1α/CXCR4的表达,促进血管再生。     

电针刺激对局灶性脑梗死大鼠梗死灶周围皮质ROCK1与ROCK2表达的影响

目的 观察电针刺激对局灶性脑梗死大鼠神经功能及梗死灶周围皮质ROCK1和ROCK2表达的影响,初步探讨其对大脑缺血组织的保护机制。方法 将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组和电针穴位组,每组10只。用改良Longa法制作大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型,在大鼠麻醉苏醒后90 min对电针穴位组大鼠进行电针刺激,每天1次,连续14 d。分别在术后1、3、7、14 d时对各组大鼠进行改良神经功能缺损评分（mNSS）。术后14 d时,用免疫组化和蛋白质印迹法检测缺血侧大脑皮质中ROCK1、ROCK2蛋白的表达情况。结果 正常组和假手术组未出现神经功能缺损表现。术后7、14 d,电针穴位组mNSS评分较模型组下降（P<0.05）。免疫组化和免疫印迹结果显示,模型组ROCK1和ROCK2蛋白表达上调,电针穴位组ROCK1和ROCK2蛋白表达较模型组减少（P<0.05）。结论 电针刺激促进局灶性脑梗死后大鼠神经功能恢复,可能与其下调ROCK1和ROCK2蛋白表达有关。     

骨桥蛋白和核转录因子在慢性环孢素A肾毒性中的作用

目的 探讨炎性介质骨桥蛋白（OPN）的表达和核转录因子在慢性环孢素A（CsA）肾毒性中的作用。方法 雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠喂食低盐 （0.05% 钠盐）饲料下分为两组,正常对照组给予皮下注射橄榄油（1 mL·kg^-1·d^-1）;毒性组给予皮下注射CsA （15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） 4周。通过观察炎性细胞浸润（ED-1） 和肾小管间质纤维化,比较两组大鼠的肾小管间质损伤程度;采用RNA印迹、免疫组织化学染色方法检测OPN在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达;用凝胶电泳迁移率实验 （EMSA）分析法和免疫印迹法测定核转录因子（NF-κB 和 AP-1）的结合活性和IκB蛋白的表达。结果 毒性组大鼠表现为肾小管间质带状纤维化[（38.9±3.3）%/5 mm²vs（0±0）%/5 mm²,P<0.01]和大量ED-1阳性细胞浸润[（89±9）vs（7±2）,P<0.01]。与对照组相比,毒性组大鼠 OPN mRNA和蛋白的表达增加[（729±37）%vs（103±4）%,P<0.01],分布于肾小管上皮细胞,其主要位于肾小管间质损伤部位;毒性组核转录因子NF-κB [（218±19）%vs（116±15）%,P<0.01]和AP-1 [（735±225）%vs（101±4）%,P<0.01]结合活性增加,而IκB蛋白的表达减少[（9±7）%vs（105±7）%,P<0.01]。直线相关分析示OPN mRNA的表达与肾小管间质纤维化程度（r=0.959,P<0.001）和核转录因子的结合活性呈正相相关（NF-κB： r=0.773,P<0.01;AP-1： r=0.619,P=0.01）。结论 炎性介质OPN和核转录因子参与了慢性CsA肾毒性肾小管间质的损伤。     

2，4，6-三硝基苯磺酸致肠炎大鼠背根神经节神经元电生理特性

目的 研究2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）致肠炎大鼠的背根神经节（DRG）神经元电生理特性,为更全面地了解炎症性肠病（IBD）提供借鉴。方法 SD大鼠（雄性,体质量160～200 g）随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组（n=5）给予30% TNBS溶液（剂量 40 mg/kg）灌肠,对照组（n=5）给予等效体积的生理盐水灌肠。在灌肠的第8天（炎症急性期）处死大鼠,对其结肠进行H-E染色,以确定造模是否成功;取其DRG神经元用全细胞膜片钳技术分析其电生理特性。结果 实验组大鼠体质量降低（P<0.001）,H-E染色示肠黏膜腺体结构严重破坏,炎性细胞浸润明显,表明造模成功。TNBS致肠炎后大鼠DRG神经元动作电位的阈电流降低（P<0.05）。结论 TNBS致肠炎后大鼠DRG神经元兴奋性增高。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体自身抗体在甲亢大鼠心肌肥大中的作用及其与PI3K/Akt信号通路的关系

目的 观察甲亢心肌肥大大鼠血清血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体自身抗体（AT₁-AA）与心肌组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）、蛋白激酶B（Akt）的表达,探讨AT₁-AA在甲亢大鼠心肌肥大中的作用及其与PI3K/Akt信号通路的关系。方法 将54只SD大鼠随机分为3组：甲亢组、甲亢+奥美沙坦组及对照组,每组18只,前2组灌服左甲状腺素钠制备甲亢大鼠模型,甲亢+奥美沙坦组同时给予奥美沙坦。以心脏质量指数（HWI）和心钠肽（ANP）mRNA作为心肌肥大指标,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测大鼠血清AT₁-AA,并通过蛋白质印迹法检测各组大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（AT₁R）和PI3K/p-Akt的表达水平;根据AT₁-AA检测结果,将甲亢组和甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠分为AT₁-AA阳性组和阴性组,比较AT₁-AA阳性组和阴性组AT₁R及PI3K/p-Akt的表达情况。结果 （1）与对照组比较,甲亢组、甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠HWI增加,ANP mRNA相对表达量升高（P均<0.05）;甲亢组大鼠HWI及ANP mRNA相对表达量亦高于甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠（P<0.05）。（2）甲亢组、甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠AT₁-AA 阳性率及光密度（D）值（61.11%,72.22%和0.44±0.12,0.49±0.08）高于对照组（16.67%和0.28±0.05,P均<0.01）。（3）甲亢组、甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠AT₁R和PI3K/p-Akt的表达较对照组升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;与甲亢组相比,甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠心肌组织PI3K、p-Akt表达水平均降低（P<0.01,P<0.05）。（4）甲亢组大鼠中,AT₁-AA阳性组PI3K/p-Akt的表达明显高于AT₁-AA阴性组（P<0.01）;甲亢+奥美沙坦组大鼠中,AT₁-AA阳性组PI3K/p-Akt的表达较AT₁-AA阴性组降低（P<0.05）。结论 AT₁-AA可能通过AT₁R激活PI3K/Akt信号通路参与甲亢心肌肥大病理生理过程。     

去肾交感神经术对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心室重构的影响

目的 对急性心肌梗死（myocardial infarction,MI）大鼠进行双侧肾交感神经切除,探讨去肾交感神经术（renal sympathetic denervation,RDN）能否缓解MI后心室重构并进行可能的机制探讨。方法 结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支构建MI模型,实验分组为：MI组（n=10）、MI+RDN组（MI建模1周后进行RDN,n=10）和假手术组（n=10）。MI建模4周后对各组大鼠进行超声心动图检查测定心室重构程度和左心功能,对梗死边缘区心肌进行Masson染色观察心肌纤维化程度,免疫组化检测Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和转化生长因子 β₁（transforming growth factor β₁,TGF-β₁）的表达。结果 与MI组相比,MI+RDN组的左室射血分数（ejection fraction,EF）和短轴缩短率（fractional shortening,FS）升高,左室收缩末期内径（left ventricular internal dimensions at end systole,LLüIDS）和左室舒张末期内径（left ventricular internal dimensions at end diastole,LLüIDD）减少（P均<0.05）。心肌Masson染色结果显示,MI+RDN组大鼠梗死边缘区的心肌纤维化程度较MI组减轻。免疫组化检测显示,与MI组相比,MI+RDN组大鼠梗死边缘区的Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和TGF-β₁表达减少（P均<0.05）。结论 RDN可以改善MI大鼠心室重构,提高左心收缩功能,其机制可能与局部下调心肌TGF-β₁表达进而减少Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原沉积有关。     

2型糖尿病兼抑郁症大鼠模型的建立与评价

目的 用体重检测、空腹血糖检测、宏观表征、旷场实验行为学评价糖尿病兼抑郁症的大鼠模型。方法 采用高脂饲料喂养加腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）的方法制备2型糖尿病模型,在其基础上再用21 d慢性束缚的方法建立糖尿病兼抑郁症大鼠模型。将32只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组（n =8）：正常组（N组）,2型糖尿病组（T组）,2型糖尿病兼抑郁症组（T+D组）。2型糖尿病模型建立后,在慢性束缚的第0、7、14、21天检测大鼠的空腹血糖和体重,并对大鼠的宏观表征、饮食量、粪便、小便、精神状态进行观察,在第21天利用行为学设备分析软件,对大鼠旷场实验进行分析,检测大鼠的抑郁程度,验证评价2型糖尿病兼抑郁症大鼠模型是否成功。结果 给予高脂饲料及腹腔注射STZ制备2型糖尿病模型后,T+D组大鼠的毛发散乱,无光泽,活动迟缓,进食量、饮水量增加,粪便尿量增加,精神萎靡。第0、7、14、21天T组和T+D组组大鼠体重均下降,与N组比较差异有显著性（P<0.05;P<0.01）,21d慢性束缚刺激后,T+D组体重比T组大鼠体重增加较慢,差异有显著性（P<0.05）;第0、7、14、21天,T组和T+D组大鼠血糖均升高,与N组比较差异有显著性（P<0.01）,21 d慢性束缚刺激后,第21天T+D组大鼠血糖比T组较高,差异有显著性（P<0.01）,大鼠5 min内总移动距离有变化,与N组相比,T组差异没有显著性（P>0.05）,T+D组差异有显著性（P<0.05）;与N组相比,T组大鼠5 min内移动速度减慢,差异有显著性（P<0.05）,T+D组差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论 利用高脂饲料喂养加腹腔注射小剂量STZ及21天慢性束缚的方法,可以成功复制2型糖尿病兼抑郁症大鼠模型,适用于后续研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.