Caveolin-1基因敲除小鼠子代基因型的鉴定及繁育方法

目的 探讨小凹蛋白-1(caveolin-1)基因敲除小鼠的鉴定方法与最优繁育方式,为深入研究caveolin-1在脑缺血损伤修复中的作用提供理想的动物模型。方法 将引进的caveolin-1基因敲除小鼠饲养于SPF级实验室,煮沸裂解法提取鼠尾组织基因组DNA,根据美国杰克逊实验室(Jackson Laboratory)提供的引物序列进行PCR反应检测其基因型,采用caveolin-1^+/-杂合子互交、杂合子与caveolin-1^-/-纯合子杂交(正交及反交)、纯合子互交4种不同的交配方式,观察亲代小鼠的受孕率、子代小鼠的外形特征及纯合率。结果 琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示PCR产物分子量大小约200 bp和661 bp,与预期的目的基因片段分子量大小一致,成功鉴定了caveolin-1基因敲除小鼠的不同基因型;不同交配方式的繁殖结果基本符合孟德尔遗传规律,且雌性、雄性caveolin-1^-/-纯合鼠具有一定的繁殖能力,三种不同基因型小鼠的外形特征无明显差异。结论 煮沸裂解法提取基因组DNA、PCR法能够快速可靠鉴定caveolin-1基因敲除小鼠的基因型;caveolin-1杂合子小鼠互交与纯合子互交相结合的繁育方法可能是短期内获得足量纯合子子鼠与同源野生子鼠的较好方式。     

PICK1基因敲除小鼠的繁育及子代基因型的鉴定

目的 探讨蛋白激酶Cα相互作用蛋白(PICK1)基因敲除小鼠的优化繁育方法及 PICK1 基因敲除小鼠子代鼠的鉴定方法,为进一步研究 PICK1蛋白的功能奠定基础.方法 用 6 种不同的交配方式观察子代鼠的各表型比率及雌、雄性PICK1 基因突变纯合子小鼠的繁殖能力;从子鼠鼠尾中提取基因组 DNA,用 PCR 方法扩增 PICK1 基因片段,电泳后观察结果.结果 PICK1 / 、PICK1 /-、PICK1-/-各表型小鼠互交繁殖结果基本符合孟德尔遗传规律,且雌性PICK1 基因突变纯合子小鼠有繁殖能力,雄性PICK1 基因突变纯合子小鼠无繁殖能力.琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示PCR 产物分子量大小为 400 bp 和 200 bp,与目的 基因片段相对分子质量大小一致.结论 雌、雄性PICK1 基因突变杂合子小鼠交配是繁育PICK1 基因突变纯合子子鼠的较好方法;实验所用PCR方法能够精确鉴定PICK1 基因突变纯合子子鼠,为PICK1 蛋白功能的实验研究提供了较理想的动物模型.     

利钠肽受体-A基因敲除小鼠的繁育与鉴定

目的:繁殖和鉴定NPR-A基因敲除小鼠.方法:将所引进的雄性野生型和雌性NPR-A基因敲除杂合子小鼠进行交配繁殖,可以得到野生子、杂合子及纯合子3种基因型,提取每只小鼠尾部基因组DNA,用PCR法进行基因型鉴定.结果:NPR-A基因敲除小鼠的饲养和繁殖均获得成功,成功获得了较多的NPR-A基因敲除纯合子小鼠.结论:雌、雄性NPR-A基因敲除杂合子小鼠交配是繁育NPR-A基因敲除纯合子子鼠的较好方法;用PCR方法能够精确鉴定NPR-A基因敲除纯合子子鼠.     

水通道蛋白1基因敲除小鼠的饲养繁殖与基因型鉴定

目的 繁殖和基因型鉴定水通道蛋白1（aquaporin-1，AQP-1）基因敲除小鼠。方法 将所引进的杂合子小鼠进行饲养并繁殖，繁殖成功后其子代中将会出现野生型、杂合子以及纯合子3种基因型，提取每只小鼠尾部基因组DNA，用PCR法进行鉴定，一旦获得雄性纯合子，将其与雌性杂合子交配，依照孟德尔遗传定律就有可能获得较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠。结果AQP-1基因敲除杂合子小鼠的饲养和繁殖及鉴定均获得成功，并得到较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠。结论正确的饲养繁殖以及鉴定方法是从亲代杂合子小鼠中获得AQP-1基因敲除纯合子小鼠的有效途径。     

类固醇受体辅活化子-1基因敲除小鼠的繁殖与筛选

目的 繁殖和鉴定SRC-1基因敲除小鼠.方法 将所引进的雄性野生型小鼠和雌性SRC-1基因敲除小鼠进行交配繁殖,繁殖成功后其子代均为杂合子,杂合子和杂合子再交配就可以得到野生型、杂合型及纯合子3种基因型,提取每只小鼠尾部基因组DNA,用PCR法进行鉴定,一旦获得雌性和雄性纯合子,其子代就均为纯合子.结果 SRC-1小鼠的饲养和繁殖均获得成功,亦成功获得了较多的SRC-1基因敲除纯合子小鼠.结论 正确的饲养繁殖以及筛选方法,可以获得较多的SRC-1基因敲除纯合子小鼠.     

水通道蛋白3基因敲除小鼠的饲养繁殖及鉴定

目的: 繁殖和鉴定水通道蛋白3(AQP-3)基因敲除小鼠。方法: 将引进的杂合子小鼠进行饲养并繁殖,繁殖成功后其子代中将会出现野生型、杂合子以及纯合子3种基因型,提取每种基因型小鼠尾部基因组DNA,用PCR法进行鉴定,将其雄性纯合子与雌性杂合子交配,依照孟德尔遗传定律就有可能获得较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠。结果: AQP-3杂合子小鼠的繁殖和饲养均获得成功,亦获得了较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠。结论: 正确的饲养繁殖以及鉴定方法是从杂合子中获得AQP-3基因敲除纯合子小鼠的有效途径。     

SRC-3基因敲除小鼠的饲养繁殖及鉴定

目的繁殖和鉴定SRC-3基因敲除小鼠.方法将所引进的杂合子小鼠进行饲养并繁殖,繁殖成功后其子代中将会出现野生型、杂合子以及纯合子3种基因型,提取每只小鼠尾部基因组DNA,用PCR法进行鉴定,一旦获得雄性纯合子,就将其与雌性杂合子交配,依照孟德尔遗传定律就有可能获得较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠.结果SRC-3杂合子小鼠的饲养和繁殖均获得成功,亦获得了较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠.结论正确的饲养繁殖以及鉴定方法是从杂合子中获得SRC-3基因敲除纯合子小鼠的有效途径.     

FMR1基因敲除小鼠的繁殖及基因鉴定

目的繁殖和鉴定脆性X智力低下蛋白基因敲除小鼠。方法引进FMR1基因敲除小鼠,提取每只小鼠尾部基因组DNA,用PCR法进行鉴定,获得的雄性纯合子子代小鼠与杂合子雌鼠进行交配。结果 FMR1基因敲除小鼠的饲养和繁殖获得成功,获得较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠。结论正确的饲养繁殖以及鉴定方法是获得FMR1基因敲除纯合子小鼠的有效途径。     

Nrf2基因敲除小鼠的饲养繁殖及基因型鉴定

目的 繁殖和鉴定Nrf2基因敲除小鼠.方法 将引进的杂合子小鼠进行饲养并繁殖,繁殖成功的子代有3种基因型小鼠,即野生型、杂合子以及纯合子小鼠,从繁殖成功的小鼠尾巴中提取基因组DNA,用PCR法鉴定小鼠的基因型.结果 Nrf2杂合子小鼠的繁殖和饲养均获得成功,亦获得了较多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠.结论 正确的饲养繁殖以及鉴定方法是从杂合子中获得Nrf2基因敲除纯合子小鼠的有效途径.     

miR-100基因敲除小鼠模型的构建及基因型鉴定

目的探讨miR-100基因敲除小鼠模型的构建及基因鉴定。方法将引进的miR-100^flox/flox小鼠与EIIa-Cre小鼠进行交配繁育出F1代小鼠,将F1代小鼠中基因型为miR-100^flox/-的雌雄小鼠继续进行交配,获得F2代小鼠,待小鼠1周龄时剪尾部组织提取DNA,PCR法扩增目的基因片段,琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行基因型结果判定。结果结果显示有所需要的miR-100基因敲除纯合子小鼠,将获得的敲除纯合子小鼠再交配,就可获得更多的基因敲除纯合子小鼠。F1代杂合子小鼠交配获得的F2代小鼠中出现3种基因型:miR-100^flox/flox、miR-100^flox/-、miR-100^-/-,使用PCR法成功鉴定出了子代小鼠的基因型。同时剪取miR-100敲除纯合子小鼠、miR-100^flox/flox小鼠及miR-100敲除杂合子小鼠的耳朵提取RNA,然后进行qRT-PCR验证miR-100的表达情况。qRT-PCR结果显示,miR-100基因全身敲除纯合子小...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.