组织块贴壁法培养大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞及鉴定

目的建立大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞的组织块贴壁法。方法采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,胰酶消化法传代,并应用相差显微镜和平滑肌肌动蛋白对细胞进行形态学和免疫组化鉴定。结果90％的组织块接种存活,培养5代的平滑肌细胞纯度达98％以上。镜下可见培养细胞呈典型的“峰-谷”状生长,免疫组化染色显示胞浆内平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性表达。结论组织块贴壁法培养大鼠平滑肌细胞操作简单、结果稳定、纯度较高、存活率高。     

改良组织块贴壁法培养小鼠气道平滑肌细胞及鉴定

目的 采用改良组织块贴壁法建立小鼠气道平滑肌细胞体外培养模型。方法 用I型胶原酶消化小鼠气道平滑肌组织块后再贴壁，培养出的小鼠原代气道平滑肌细胞经过细胞免疫荧光技术鉴定。结果 相比单纯组织块贴壁法，改良组织块贴壁法获得的原代平滑肌细胞的纯度更高[（93.0%±1.8%）vs(96.1%±1.8%),P<0.01]，酶消化法获得的平滑肌细胞的纯度（90.8%±1.9%）最低，与改良组织块贴壁法相比，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结果还显示P5代细胞与P1代细胞相比，平滑肌细胞生长形态较前改变，呈不规则形，且α-SMA阳性表达减弱，Vimentin阳性表达增强，标志着平滑肌细胞的纯度会随传代次数增加而逐渐降低。酶消化法获得的ASMCs的增殖速度较单纯组织块贴壁法和改良组织块贴壁法获得的ASMCs的增殖速度慢（P<0.01）。结论 改良组织块贴壁法经济稳定，可在短期内培养出数量多、纯度高、活性好的小鼠气道平滑肌细胞，此法成功建立了体外培养小鼠气道平滑肌细胞的模型。     

动脉粥样硬化模型小鼠血管平滑肌细胞原代培养及鉴定

目的:介绍动脉粥样硬化模型小鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)原代培养及鉴定的方法。方法:分离载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠主动脉,组织贴块法获得原代平滑肌细胞,免疫荧光及免疫组化方法检测细胞的纯度和分化状态。结果:培养第3天时,可见自组织块周围长出少量梭形或长梭形细胞,至培养2周细胞融合成片,呈"峰、谷"状生长。肌动蛋白免疫组化及荧光染色显示,细胞传至第6代后纯度在98%以上,证实应用此方法分离原代VSMC可以满足平滑肌体外功能实验的需求。结论:应用组织贴块法培养小鼠VSMC,操作简单,结果稳定,纯度较高,具有推广应用价值。     

大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的培养和鉴定

目的:建立一种方便快捷的培养大量大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的方法,为心血管疾病的体外实验研究提供实验材料。方法:采用改良的组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,差异贴壁法纯化细胞,常规胰酶消化法传代,使用倒置相差显微镜进行形态学观察,通过检测平滑肌肌动蛋白对细胞进行免疫组化鉴定。结果:培养4代的平滑肌细胞纯度达96%以上。镜下可见培养细胞呈典型的"峰-谷"样生长,免疫组化染色显示胞质内平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性表达。结论:本研究所介绍的组织贴块培养法较为成熟,可为心血管疾病病因、机制的研究和防治提供一个理想的实验材料。     

血管平滑肌细胞的培养及鉴定

目的探讨以简便、高效的方法获取血管平滑肌细胞,为相关研究提供实验材料.方法采用改良组织贴块法进行原代培养,胰酶消化传代,综合运用自然纯化、机械刮除、差异贴壁法进行细胞纯化,并应用相差显微镜和SP试剂盒对细胞进行形态学和免疫组化鉴定.结果90%的组织块接种存活,5代的平滑肌细胞纯度达98%以上.镜下培养细胞呈典型的"谷峰状"生长,免疫组化染色显示胞浆内α平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性表达.结论本法简便、可靠,短期内可获大量高纯度、功能良好的血管平滑肌细胞.     

构建高效快速培养原代C57BL/6J小鼠眼动脉平滑肌细胞的磁性分离法

目的 通过优化磁性分离法,培养原代C57BL/6J小鼠眼动脉平滑肌细胞(Ophthalmic artery smooth muscle cells,OASMCs),并对其进行形态学及免疫荧光鉴定。方法 综合组织块贴壁法和酶消化法两种方法,通过对胶原蛋白酶、琼脂糖铁粉配方和铁粉粒径等关键实验环节的优化,培养并鉴定高纯度眼动脉平滑肌细胞。具体方法为：在无菌条件下,向小鼠左心室依次注入4℃PBS、琼脂糖铁粉混悬液,在解剖显微镜下分离出眼动脉。将其切碎至1.0~1.5 mm的组织块,用胶原蛋白酶消化45 min后,采用磁力分离器将眼动脉(Ophthalmic artery,OA)组织块从胶原蛋白酶中分离出来,并将其均匀接种于培养皿中,置于37℃、5% CO2环境中进行培养。待细胞融合至85~90%进行传代。对3~7代细胞进行形态学及免疫荧光染色鉴定。结果 原代培养3 d后可见眼动脉组织块周围有长梭形细胞爬出,呈“放射性”分布。培养7 d后,通过更换新的培养液铁粉逐渐减少,细胞融合速度加快,细胞形态呈现典型长梭形。免疫荧光显示所培养的眼动脉平滑肌细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)阳性。结论 此方法培养原代C57BL/6J小鼠眼动脉平滑肌细胞具有快速、高效、细胞纯度高的特点,为眼动脉相关疾病的药物活性筛选奠定基础。     

小鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞分离培养及鉴定

目的建立体外分离培养小鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的技术方法并观察其生长特征。方法比较组织贴块法及酶联合消化法原代分离小鼠主动脉来源的VSMC,利用倒置显微镜观察细胞生长情况;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察细胞形态及免疫荧光染色法鉴定细胞;台盼蓝法、绘制生长曲线法、3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑蓝(MTT)法分别测定主动脉VSMC传代细胞的成活率、生长、增殖特征;观察不同血清含量对主动脉VSMC生长的影响。结果组织贴块法培养的细胞6 d后,细胞从组织块边缘长出,14 d后生长迅速可传代;酶联合消化法分离培养的细胞3 d后,细胞呈梭形生长,7～8 d后生长迅速可传代;第2代细胞在显微镜下观察可见呈典型"峰-谷"状生长;2种方法获得的细胞行免疫荧光染色显示胞浆内α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达阳性,细胞成活率均为96%;细胞生长曲线近似"S"形,MTT法显示细胞生长第3～5天光密度值变化较明显;用含体积分数20%血清的杜尔伯科改良伊格尔培养基高糖培养液培养的细胞出现明显对数期。结论本研究建立了高效分离和培养主动脉VSMC的2种方法,细胞均稳定地表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白,为血管疾病的研究提供了理想的细胞模型。     

改良大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的原代培养

目的探讨提高大鼠血管平滑肌细胞原代培养效率的方法。方法采取组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,高糖DMEM培养基中加入血小板源性生长因子-B(platelet-derived growth factor-b,PDGF-B),用细胞形态学及免疫组织化学法对血管平滑肌细胞鉴定。结果原代培养,4～6天可见细胞长出,2周可以传代;传代培养,1周可以传代1次。镜下可见细胞以梭形为主,呈"峰-谷"状生长,免疫组化染色可见细胞浆内有大量染成棕黄色的肌丝。结论在采用组织块贴壁法进行培养时,加入PDGF-B培养,可获得纯度高、活性好的血管平滑肌细胞,并缩短了培养周期。     

酶消化法分离老龄SD大鼠血管平滑肌细胞

目的采用酶消化法培养老龄SD大鼠血管平滑肌细胞,为血管疾病的研究提供大量的原代平滑肌细胞。方法无菌取老龄SD大鼠主动脉,采用0.2%Ⅱ型胶原酶消化分离血管平滑肌细胞,自然纯化及差速贴壁纯化血管平滑肌细胞,免疫组化鉴定平滑肌细胞α肌动蛋白。结果免疫组化染色显示细胞纯度在95%以上。结论酶消化法用于血管平滑肌细胞的培养有利于获得大量的高纯度细胞供实验研究。     

血管内皮和平滑肌细胞联合培养构建组织工程化血管的方法

目的：探讨组织工程血管种子细胞原代培养、传代扩增、鉴定的方法，为组织工程血管的构建提供理想的种子细胞。方法：无菌条件下取正常产妇分娩的脐带动静脉，ROSS法（即组织贴块法）原代培养混合血管细胞。倒置相差显微镜、免疫组化法对细胞进行鉴定。结果：倒置显微镜显示原代细胞及经传代培养后的细胞，呈现内皮样细胞、平滑肌样细胞混合生长的特征。免疫组化法检测示内皮细胞Ⅷ因子、平滑肌细胞α-肌动蛋白呈阳性反应。细胞经3次～5次传代，数量可增殖达到8×10^6—10×10^6。结论：使用组织贴块法原代培养可获得内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞混合体，细胞经体外联合培养、传代可以达到组织工程血管种子细胞所需的数量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.