酒泉市1999—2000年鲜牛乳卫生检验结果分析

近年来 ,随着经济的发展 ,人民生活水平的不断提高 ,人们对生活质量问题也日益重视起来 ,新鲜牛乳也倍受亲睐。因此 ,加强市售鲜奶的卫生管理 ,保证人们饮用健康、卫生的鲜奶也就显得越加重要。下面就我市 1999— 2 0 0 0年市售鲜奶卫生检测结果分析如下 :1　样品来源用干净玻璃瓶随机抽取个体户牛奶 ,每份 5 0 0ｍｌ,立即送实验室检验。2　检验方法依据ＧＢ/Ｔ 5 0 0 9·46— 1996《乳与乳制品卫生标准分析方法》对比重、脂肪、酸度等三个项目进行检测 ,结果判定按ＧＢ5 40 8— 85执行。3　检测结果及分析检测结果见附表。　　附表检测项目…     

1996～2000年德州市消毒牛奶卫生质量分析

为了解消毒牛奶的卫生质量 ,找出薄弱环节 ,加强卫生监督管理 ,1996～ 2 0 0 0年对德州市生产的消毒牛奶进行了卫生质量监测。1材料与方法1996～ 2 0 0 0年由食品卫生监督员定期到各牛奶生产厂家的成品库采集消毒牛奶样品。按ＧＢ 4 789 2～ 16— 94检测菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌 ,按ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9 4 6— 1996检测比重、脂肪、全乳固体、杂质度、酸度和汞含量。按ＧＢ 5 4 0 8— 85进行评价 ,有 1项或 1项以上指标不合格者为不合格样品。2结果2 1历年检测情况 1996～ 2 0 0 0年合计检测消毒牛奶 4 74份 ,合格 4 0 9份 ,合格率为 86 2 9%…     

市售牛奶中c9,t11-共轭亚油酸测定的气相色谱法研究

目的：用气相色谱内标法检测部分市售牛奶中c9，t11-共轭亚油酸含量（CLA），分析季节因素对牛奶中e9，t11-共轭亚油酸含量的影响。方法：采用气相色谱内标法，内标物为C17：00甲酯，程序升温，将样品提取、甲酯化后，测定并比较夏季和非夏季牛奶样品中c9，t11-共轭亚油酸的含量。结果：实验方法的回收率为83．67％，RSD=3．45％；精密度为RSD=2．09％。夏季和非夏季牛奶样品中c9，t11-共轭亚油酸含量均值范围分别为0～14．9me,／g脂肪和0～7．3mg／g脂肪。夏季牛奶样品中c9，t11-共轭亚油酸含量显著高于非夏季牛奶样品（P〈0．05）。结论：所建立的实验条件准确可靠，季节变化对牛奶样品中c9，t11-共轭亚油酸含量有显著影响。本研究对在国内开展共轭亚油酸强化乳制品的研究具有指导意义。     

乳酸饮料中脂肪酸水解法与哥特里—罗紫法测定比较

饮料中的脂肪、蛋白质等是评价产品的卫生质量的重要指标。我们在本辖区生产的乳酸饮料进行监测过程中发现 ,采用ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9.6 - 1996 (食品中脂肪的测定方法—酸水解法 )与ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9.46 - 1996 (乳与乳制品卫生制品卫生标准的分析方法—脂肪—哥特里—罗紫法 )对同一样品进行检验 ,脂肪的含量相差甚远 ,现将结果与分析报导如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　样品来源 :随机抽取本辖区企业生产的乳酸饮料 ,每生产批号 10瓶 ,每瓶 10 0ｍｌ,共采 10批送检。1 2　检验方法 :ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9.6 - 1996 (食品中脂肪的测定方法—酸水解法 )与ＧＢ/…     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定水产品中的砷

目的　介绍测定水产品中砷含量的石墨炉原子吸收法。　方法　采用微波消化、氯化钯为改进剂 ,石墨炉原子吸收法进行砷的测定。　结果　样品加标平均回收率为 94.7% ,变异系数为 2 .0 % ,8份样品测定结果与银盐法比较无显著差异 (t =0 .460 ,P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　本法适用于水产品中砷含量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳制品中残留青霉素

目的建立1种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定乳制品中8种青霉素类抗生素残留的确证方法。方法乳制品样品用水提取后,经乙腈沉淀蛋白,正己烷液液萃取除去脂肪,用氮气吹至近干,用乙腈＋水（10＋90）复溶后,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,经Endeavorsil C18柱分离,选用乙腈（含0.1%甲酸）-水（含0.1%甲酸）为流动相,13 min内梯度洗脱分离8种青霉素;在优化的质谱条件下,采用ESI源、正离子模式、多反应监测方式、外标法定量。结果在浓度范围1.0～100.0μg/kg,8种青霉素类药物在各种乳制品基质中均有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 2～0.999 8,方法最低检测限为0.03～0.15μg/kg,方法回收率为91.0%～102.3%,相对标准偏差为1.02%～6.13%。用本研究建立的方法检测78份奶粉、液体牛奶、鲜奶、奶饮料样品,其中3份样品检出青霉素G,含量为0.2～1.6μg/kg。结论该方法测定牛奶中8种青霉素药物的残留量简便、快速、准确,可以满足对牛奶中青霉素残留的检测要求。     

新乡市2000年各类食品卫生细菌学检测结果分析

本文就我所 2 0 0 0年所采集的 15 6 2份各类食品进行了卫生细菌学的检测 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　材料　样品由本所食品卫生科采集。于每个季节在全市的 30多个副食品商店、菜市场及超市分别采样。其中冷饮 30 8份 ,糕点 5 13份 ,酒类 12 5份 ,调味品 10 9份 ,熟肉制品 2 34份 ,乳制品 15 1份 ,豆制品 12 2份 ,共计 15 6 2份。1.2　方法及评价标准　采样时 ,采用无菌操作法 ,避免二次污染。采样后 ,立即送检。菌落总数测定和大肠菌群测定均按国标法操作。标准评价以ＧＢ2 70 7～ 2 76 3- 96为依据。2　结果2 .1　样品的总合…     

深圳乳制品和环境中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况调查

目的 了解深圳市乳制品中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况,分析其可能的污染途径.方法 对抽取的195份乳制品及41份环境样品进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008进行分离培养和鉴定.结果 共8份乳制品和12份环境样品经荧光PCR检测,为阪崎肠杆菌阳性;其中1份婴幼儿进口配方奶粉、2份新鲜挤出牛奶和4份环境样品分离出菌株.结论 深圳市售进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患.医院婴儿养育环境中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染;生奶及奶场环境阪崎肠杆菌污染风险很高.     

福州市市售乳与乳制品脂肪含量状况分析

随着人民生活水平的提高 ,我国乳品工业迅速发展 ,各种新型包装纯牛奶和含乳饮料不断涌现 ,如 10 0 %纯牛奶(利乐包、软包 )、发酵型酸牛奶、含乳饮料等。这类乳品含有丰富的脂肪等营养成份 ,脂肪含量的高低是评价乳与乳制品质量的重要指标。本文结合 2 0 0 0年 8月开展的奶类产品卫生质量检查监测工作 ,对各类乳制品脂肪含量情况进行分析。1　调查方法1.1　样品来源　福州市市售的奶及其饮料 ,产地不限 ,均在保质期内 ,无感官性状异常的样品。1.2　采样方法及数量　食品卫生监督员在福州市各超市及乳品经销部随机采集 5大类共 76件样品。1.…     

水杨酸分光光度法测定乳制品中蛋白质的含量

以水杨酸为显色剂的分光光度法定量测定乳制品中蛋白质的含量。采用湿法消化样品 ,消化液经适当稀释 ,次氯酸钠氧化NH+4 ,亚硝基铁氰化钠作催化剂 ,水杨酸为显色剂测定氮 ,然后再以此计算出蛋白质的含量。本法与国标法配对测定样品。确定取样量公式。对波长、pH值、显色时间、温度、氧化剂浓度、试剂加入方法、催化剂浓度、显色剂用量进行了研究。结果表明 ,氨氮最低检出浓度为 0 0 1 5μg ml。蛋白质最低检出量为 9 75mg。比色最佳线性范围 0 0 0～ 6 0 0 μg(NH3 N) ,r=0 9998,相对标准偏差 2 40 %～ 4 1 1 % ,回收率为 95 1 %～ 1 0 5 3 %。本法与GB T 50 0 9 5 85凯氏定氮法配对测定 1 1 2份乳制品中的蛋白质含量 ,测得值无显著性差异 (t=1 2 52 ,P >0 0 5)。本法操作简便 ,成本低 ,灵敏度、精密度和准确度高 ,符合卫生质量检验要求 ,完全可用于定量测定乳制品中蛋白质的含量     

某市市售牛奶中的铅含量检测结果分析

目的了解2007年7月—2008年6月某市部分市售乳制品中的铅含量残留情况,为乳制品中铅含量的质量控制提供依据。方法铅含量测定按照GB/T5009.12-2003《中华人民共和国国家标准食品卫生检验方法理化部分》中第一法：石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,测定结果用SPSS11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果在所测的432件样品中,合格率为100%,其中79.6%未检出,20.4%为检出合格。经统计学分析：不同地区及不同时间采集的样本中铅的未检出率均无明显示差异;但是,不同品牌,不同品种的乳制品中铅的未检出率有一定的差异。结论 2007.7月—2008.6月部分市售乳制品中铅含量均合格,但仍有一些产品检出微量的铅,仍需对乳制品的生产、储运和销售过程进行合理的全程控制,尽可能降低乳制品中的铅含量。     

Evaluation of the odd fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 in serum and adipose tissue as markers of intake of milk and dairy fat

BACKGROUND: There is a need for biomarkers of dietary saturated fatty acids, because several diseases have been related to intake of these fatty acids. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between intake of dairy fat and the proportion of pentadecanoic (15:0) and heptadecanoic (17:0) acid in serum and adipose tissue. DESIGN: Healthy men aged 21-55 y provided serum (n = 110) and adipose tissue samples (n = 107) and completed both 14 days weighed records (WR) and a 180-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 acid in serum and adipose tissue as measured by gas liquid chromatography were evaluated as biomarkers for fat intake from dairy products using Pearsons correlation coefficient and the method of triads. RESULTS: The strongest correlation coefficients were observed between total intake of dairy fat estimated from WR and relative content of 15:0 in adipose tissue (0.52, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.65) and total serum (0.43, 95% CI 0.26, 0.57). A consistent inverse association was observed between the intake of milk fat and relative serum content of 17:0. The validity coefficients observed for the intake of dairy fat estimated from weighed records, the 180-item FFQ and by the relative content of 15:0 in serum and adipose tissue were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.00), 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.67), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.67) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.82), respectively. CONCLUSION: Relative content of 15:0 in serum and adipose tissue may be a useful biomarker for the intake of total dairy fat, whereas FFQs and WRs may provide better estimates of the intake of fat from milk.     

紫外分光光度法快速测定乳制品中硝酸盐含量

目的:本实验研究建立用紫外分光光度法测定乳及乳制品中硝酸盐。方法:将乳及乳制品溶解于水中,沉淀蛋白和脂肪,离心,上清液再经活性炭粉净化后利用双波长紫外分光光度法测定待测液中的硝酸盐含量。结果:紫外分光光度法测定乳制品中硝酸盐加标回收率在92.0%～96.6%之间,与国标镉柱法结果无显著差异,RSD为2.5%～3.3%。结论:本方法经济、快速、简便,可用于大批量乳制品中硝酸盐含量的快速测定。     

Lymphatic fat absorption varies among rats administered dairy products differing in physiochemical properties

We examined in rats the intestinal absorption of fat from dairy products differing in physiochemical properties. Five dairy products (cream cheese, cream, sour cream, butter, and mixed butter) with minor differences in fatty acid composition were administered by gavage to rats, and lymphatic fat absorption was examined. Absorption was followed for 8 h after administration of 300 mg fat from the dairy products. Administration of cream and sour cream resulted in faster lymphatic fat absorption than cream cheese, butter, and mixed butter, and at 8 h the accumulated absorption of fat was significantly higher. The lymphatic absorption of fat after cream cheese administration was similar to the absorption after butter and mixed butter administration up to the 4-h time point; then it increased to a level between that of rats administered cream or sour cream and butter or mixed butter. Overall, these results demonstrated different lymphatic absorption patterns of fat from dairy products differing in physiochemical properties. Because the fatty acid composition of the dairy products differed only slightly, other factors such as viscosity, type of emulsion, particle size, and likely also protein content may have contributed to the differences in absorption.     

Consumption of Dairy Foods and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Limited consumption of dairy foods and use of low-fat products is recommended for cardiovascular (CV) prevention; however, other features besides fat content modulate their metabolic effects. We analyze updated evidence on the relationship of different dairy products (low/full-fat dairy, milk, cheese, yogurt) with CVD by reviewing meta-analyses of cohort studies and individual prospective cohort studies with CV hard endpoints (CVD/CHD incidence/mortality), together with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials exploring the effect of dairy on major CV risk factors. The analyses provide evidence that moderate dairy consumption (up to 200 g/day, globally) has no detrimental effects on CV health and that their effect depends more on the food type (cheese, yogurt, milk) than on the fat content. These data expand current knowledge and may inform revision of current guidelines for CVD prevention.     

2010年-2011年闽北地区农产品重金属铅镉汞污染状况分析

目的:了解闽北地区农产品中重金属铅、镉、汞的含量水平,分析污染原因,评价其食用安全性。方法:结合省下达的食品污染物监测任务,采集闽北地区十个县市大型超级市场和农贸市场所出售的农产品,共检测12个种类462份样品,测定重金属铅、镉、汞的含量。结果:2010年-2011年我区12种农产品中铅、镉、汞的总体合格率分别达到97.4%、95.6%和97.7%。肉类、无铅皮蛋、鱼类、奶制品和茶叶的总合格率均为100%;甲壳类产品的合格率最低为33.3%。结论:2010年-2011年我区农产品重金属污染状况总体不严重,但流通市场中的干食用菌、甲壳类产品重金属超标严重,应采取相应措施,改善近海水质污染,加强养殖业、种植业的监督管理,确保农产品的质量安全。     

Different level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in dairy products from Italy

A survey was carried out to determine the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in various dairy products. The only detected CLA isomer was cis-9trans-11 linoleic acid. Commercial samples of yoghurt, fermented milk and cheese were analyzed: 16 standard yoghurts, 6 organic yoghurts, 8 mountain pasture yoghurts, 5 sheep yoghurts, 8 probiotic yoghurts, 8 fermented milk samples, 6 fermented milk samples from mountain pastures, 30 cow cheeses (9 Alpine cheeses, 8 Swiss Emmental, 8 Fontina Valdostana, 5 Grana Padano and Parmigiano Reggiano), 12 ewe cheeses (Pecorino) and 8 goat cheeses. The fatty acid composition and fat content were also assessed. Fontina Valdostana had the highest amount of CLA (8.11 mg/g fat), followed by Pecorino cheese (7.77 mg/g fat), Swiss Emmental (7.66 mg/g fat) and sheep yoghurt (6.92 mg/g fat). High levels of CLA were also found in fermented milk and yoghurt of mountain pasture and organic yoghurt (6.15, 6.06 and 6.05 mg/g fat, respectively). The animal diet, specific characteristics of the milk used in manufacturing, with special reference to the species and CLA content of the milk, processing and production methods play an important role in setting the CLA levels in dairy products.     

Increased dairy product or calcium intake: is body weight or composition affected in humans?

To assess the possible impact of increased intakes of dairy products or calcium on body weight or composition, a MEDLINE search was conducted to identify randomized trials of supplementation with calcium or dairy products. Nine studies of dairy product supplementation were located: In seven, no significant differences in the change in body weight or composition were detected between treatment and control groups. However, two studies conducted in older adults observed significantly greater weight gain in the dairy product groups. The interpretation of these findings is complicated by the inability to accurately determine the extent of dietary compensation for the increment in energy intake provided by the added dairy products. This is not an issue in the interpretation of studies of calcium supplementation, of which 17 were identified. Only one study found greater weight loss in the supplemented group; in the remaining studies, changes in body weight and/or body fat were strikingly similar between groups. In conclusion, the data available from randomized trials of dairy product or calcium supplementation provide little support for an effect in reducing body weight or fat mass. However, the studies reviewed were not specifically designed or powered to address this issue; such studies are required.     

包装食品中脂肪含量的分析和变化范围的研究

目的研究不同实验室对包装食品中脂肪检测的实验误差。方法根据2000年全国包装食品消费的调查,选择了7类(谷物、豆类、肉类、奶制品类、饮料类、坚果、休闲食品)13种包装食品,在全国的7家实验室进行3次脂肪的平行样检测,脂肪检测方法为国家标准方法。结果所有脂肪检测结果筛查合格率为93.4%。脂肪检测精密度为:实验室内变异系数1.89%～5.39%,实验室间2.64%～24.14%,室内和室间总和为3.32%到24.60%,平均11.51%。除脂肪含量非常低的鱼罐头和脱脂奶粉外,脂肪检测的相对扩展不确定度由6.48%到34.80%,平均17.62%。结论中国实验室内对脂肪的检测符合国家标准方法的要求。如果重点考虑中高脂肪含量的食品,则总的实验室不确定度可以控制在20%内。     

市售乳制品中硫氰酸盐检测结果分析

目的 对市售乳制品进行硫氰酸盐检测,了解乳制品中硫氰酸盐的含量.方法 采用硫酸铁铵分光光度法对样品中硫氰酸盐含量进行检测.结果 9份乳制品全部检出硫氰酸盐,阳性率为100％,硫氰酸盐含量为4.88 ～51.30mg/kg.9份乳制品品牌数占市售乳制品品牌数的55.6％,其中乳粉品牌数占市售乳粉品牌数的33.3％;婴幼儿乳粉品牌数占市售婴幼儿乳粉品牌数的50.0％;液体乳品牌数占市售液体乳品牌数的40.0％.结论 市售乳制品中含有硫氰酸盐的比例较高,但含量较低,应开展原料牛乳中硫氰酸盐的本底值调查,为监管部门提供科学的理论依据.