高敏C反应蛋白与老年冠心病的关系研究

目的观察高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）水平与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系,分析其对诊断冠心病和预后的临床意义。方法随机选取100例老年胸痛患者行冠状动脉造影,依据冠状动脉病变程度将72例确诊冠心病患者分为单、多支病变组;急性冠脉综合征组（ACS组）与稳定型心绞痛组（SAP组）,28例检查结果正常者作为对照组,比较血清hsCRP水平。结果 SAP组与对照组hsCRP水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,ACS组hsCRP水平显著高于SAP组和对照组（P〈0.05）;多支病变组hsCRP水平与单支组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 hsCRP是老年冠心病的独立危险因素,可用于预测心血管事件。     

老年急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病患者的冠脉病变及其危险因素

目的：研究老年急性冠脉综合征（ACS）合并糖尿病患者的冠状动脉病变特点及相关危险因素。方法：选择老年ACS患者209例,被分为两组：ACS合并糖尿病组（观察组,73例）,ACS无糖尿病组（ACS对照组,136例）。并根据冠状动脉造影结果,对其冠脉病变特点进行分析。结果：观察组三支病变（50．68％）、弥漫性病变（27．22％）以及Gensini积分（24．21±4．37）分,均显著高于对照组[30．15％,16．09％,（18．53±3．59）分,P〈0．05～〈0．01]。多元Logistic逐步回归分析显示观察组高血压的合并风险比值（OR）为1．455,P=0．013,甘油三酯OR为1.930,P=0．003,总胆固醇OR为1．552,P=0．006,均为其危险因素。结论：老年急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病患者的冠脉病变复杂、严重,甘油三酯、总胆固醇以及合并高血压病史是其发生、发展的重要危险因素。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者HSP70的表达及意义

正常对照组20例，稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组22例，急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）组38例，以流式细胞仪测定外周血单核细胞热休克蛋白70（HSP70）阳性表达率，ELISA法测定血清高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）水平。同时随访经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者院内及30d内主要心脏事件（MACE）的情况。结果ACS组HSP70阳性表达率及hsCRP水平均明显高于SAP组及正常对照组（P〈0．05），且HSP70阳性表达率与血清hsCRP水平呈显著正相关（r=0．832，P〈0．01）。外周血HSP70阳性表达率高者MACE发生有下降趋势。     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者炎症负荷指标与可溶性CD40L表达分析

目的分析老年急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者炎症负荷指标与可溶性CD40配体（CD40L）表达的相关性。方法连续选择近期来我院就诊的老年胸痛患者149例,均接受选择性冠状动脉造影检查,结合临床表现分为急性心肌梗死组（AMI,39例）、不稳定型心绞痛组（UAP,45例）、稳定型心绞痛组（SAP,30例）和排除冠心病组（对照组,35例）,同时抽血检测血清CD40L和高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）水平。结果老年UAP和AMI患者血清CD柏L和hsCRP水平均高于SAP组和对照组（P均〈0．05～0．01）,老年ACS患者血清CD40L和hsCRP水平存在明确相关性（P〈0．01）。结论老年ACS患者存在显著的炎症负荷指标与可溶性CD40L水平增高,两者血清浓度表达明显相关;CD40L通路可能是传递炎症负荷信息的重要途径。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清C反应蛋白和白细胞介素10的水平及其意义

目的：探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）和白细胞介素10（IL-10）水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：ACS患者48例,其中急性心肌梗塞（AMI）17例,不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）31例,稳定性心绞痛（SAP）18例,健康对照者20例,以免疫散射比浊法测定hsCRP,酶联免疫吸附法钡4定IL-10水平,ACS患者均行冠脉造影。分析冠脉病变程度与血清hsCRP、IL-10水平的关系。结果：ACS患者血清hsCRP水平明显高于SAP患者和正常对照组（P〈0．01）,而血清IL—10水平明显低于SAP患者和正常对照组（P〈0．01）,但AMI患者血清IL-10水平高于UAP患者（P〈0．05）;ACS患者hscRP／IL-10比值（hsCRP／IL-10比值是一种表达斑块炎症及不稳定的准确指标）明显高于SAP患者和正常对照组（P〈0．01）,AMI患者的高于UAP患者,UAP的又高于SAP（P均〈0．01）;ACS患者hsCRP水平与IL-10水平成负相关（r=-0．52,P〈0．01）,hsCRP和IL-10水平与冠脉狭窄程度均无相关性。结论：ACS患者血清hsCRP水平升高,IL-10水平降低,二者比例失衡。可能是冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志。     

维吾尔族与汉族老年急性冠脉综合征患者的临床特征、冠脉病变特点以及危险因素分析

目的 探讨维吾尔族与汉族老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者的临床特征和冠状动脉病变特点以及维吾尔族老年ACS冠脉C型病变的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析330例在我院诊断考虑ACS并行冠脉造影的年龄≥65岁的维吾尔族与汉族患者临床资料、脂蛋白（Lp）α、血清尿酸（UA）、胱抑素（Cystatin,Cys）C、视黄醇结合蛋白（retinol binding protein,RBP）4、纤维蛋白原(FG)等生化指标。根据冠状动脉造影结果冠状动脉病变特点由冠状动脉血管优势分型、病变血管支数、病变累及血管、血管病变分型、Gensini积分表示。根据民族分为维吾尔族老年ACS组（154例）和汉族老年ACS组（176例）。根据冠脉造影结果将维吾尔族老年ACS患者分为冠状动脉C型病变组（99例）与冠状动脉非C型病变组（55例）,分析影响维吾尔族冠状动脉C型病变的危险因素。结果 维吾尔族老年ACS组冠状动脉C型病变比例、Gensini积分明显高于汉族老年ACS组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。维吾尔族老年ACS患者冠状动脉C型病变相关的危险因素依次为高血压病（OR=4.324）、高脂血症（OR=3.732）、FG（OR=1.827）、UA（OR=1.006）、Lpα（OR=1.003）,均P<0.05。结论 维吾尔族老年ACS患者冠脉病变特点与汉族老年ACS患者相比,存在民族差异。维吾尔族老年ACS患者冠状动脉C型病变发生率较高,冠状动脉病变程度较汉族老年ACS患者严重。高血压病、高脂血症、FG、UA和Lpα是维吾尔族老年ACS患者冠脉C型病变的危险因素。     

有心血管危险因素的老年糖尿病患者有更高的下肢动脉病变患病率

目的 调查和分析老年糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变（PAD）的大血管危险因素。方法 采用多普勒血流探测仪测定了505例糖尿病患者的踝肱指数（ABI）,以比值〈0．9为PAD组,ABI≥0．9为非PAD组;年龄≥60岁为老年组,〈60岁为中青年组;同时对相关大血管危险因素进行分析。结果 老年组合并PAD65例,占33．33％;中青年组合并PAD33例,占10．65％。老年组中合并PAD与同组非PAD的患者比较,前者的病程长,空腹血糖、HbAlc、尿A／C的对数值、尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白明显增高,HDL-C、舒张压明显降低,有更高的吸烟率及冠心病合并率。随着动脉硬化的危险因素的增加,老年PAD的患病率显著增加。结论 高达三分之一的老年糖尿病患者合并PAD,合并多种心血管危险因素集簇的老年糖尿病患者有更高的PAD患病率,尿酸和C反应蛋白与下肢动脉硬化明显相关。     

急性冠脉综合征患者炎症标志物的变化及意义

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血液高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、妊娠相关蛋白A（PAPP-A）、细胞间黏附因子（ICAM-1）等的变化。方法 112例冠心病患者被分为稳定性心绞痛（SAP）组27例、不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）组27例、急性心肌梗死（AMI）组28例,30例冠状动脉造影阴性者作为对照组。观察hsCRP、IL-6、PAPP-A、ICAM-1等生化标志物的变化。结果 SAP组、UAP组、AMI组血hsCRP和IL-6水平高于对照组（P〈0.05）,UAP组和AMI组高于SAP组（P〈0.05）,AMI组高于UAP组（P〈0.05）。UAP组和AMI组的PAPP-A和ICAM-1水平高于SAP组和对照组（P〈0.05）。结论 hsCRP、IL-6、PAPP-A和ICAM-1在ACS易损斑块的破裂中起着重要的作用,其血浆水平可以作为判断冠心病患者的病情,筛选高危患者的重要指标。     

血尿酸升高及炎症反应在冠心病发生中的作用

目的 探讨血清尿酸(UA)升高及炎症反应在冠心病(CHD)发生中的作用.方法 用化学比色法、ELISA法分别检测急性冠脉综合征(ACS组)、稳定型心绞痛(SAP组)患者和健康对照组的血清UA和高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP),并进行比较及相关分析.结果 ACS组、SAP组血清UA和hsCRP均高于对照组(P均<0.05);ACS组hsCRP高于SAP组(P<0.05);SAP和ACS组血清UA与hsCRP均呈正相关(r分别为0.662、0.802,P均<0.05).SAP组、ACS组高尿酸血症者hsCRP均高于UA正常者(P均<0.05).结论 血清UA升高可能是CHD的一个危险因素,通过促进炎症反应导致CHD发生发展.     

血清高敏C反应蛋白与急性冠脉综合征的相关性

目的研究血清高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）与急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的相关性及其相关因素。方法用速率散射光比浊法检测了56例冠心病患者（13例稳定型心绞痛,17例不稳定型心绞痛,26例急性心肌梗死）不同类型冠心病患者血清hsCRP水平。结果ACS组（含不稳定型心绞痛和急性心肌梗死）血清hsCRP水平（7.1±8.1）mg/L显著高于稳定型心绞痛组（1.5±1.1）mg/L（P<0.01）;ACS危险因子多因素Logistic回归分析显示,hsCRP与ACS呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论ACS患者血清hsCRP水平显著增高。hsCRP水平与ACS呈正相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.