细胞培皿内毫米波辐照剂量的时域有限差分法分析

对细胞层次上进行的毫米波(MMW)生物学效应实验中使用的培皿内的毫米波辐照剂量进行了分析。以一种常用的培皿为代表,通过时域有限差分法计算了在6 mm波长时培皿内辐照到细胞上的毫米波功率密度和细胞对毫米波的功率吸收密度分布的数据,并对结果进行了定性和定量分析。计算和分析结果表明,辐照到细胞上的毫米波功率密度和细胞对毫米波的功率吸收密度在培皿内的分布情况比较复杂,呈现出明显的不均匀性,不同位置毫米波辐照剂量差异明显,对实验结果的影响不可忽略,因此辐照剂量的准确测定是相关实验中需要开展的重要工作     

辐照到培皿中细胞单层上的毫米波功率流密度分析

涉及到细胞层次上的毫米波生物学效应的实验使用了内含细胞单层的培皿 ,并使毫米波从下方进行辐照。针对培皿直径远大于毫米波波长的情况 ,分析了辐照到细胞单层上的毫米波功率流密度与培皿厚度、毫米波波长以及培皿和培养液的电磁参数等影响因素的关系 ;使用电磁场时域有限差分法分析了一种典型的直径与波长相近的小口径培皿的结构对辐照到细胞单层上的毫米波功率流密度的影响。结果表明此类实验需要对辐照到细胞单层上的毫米波功率流密度进行严格分析、精确测量和准确计算 ,而且实验中使用大直径培皿比小口径培皿更加有利     

毫米波对微循环影响的临床观察

本文观察了毫米波对微循环血液流变学的影响，在毫米波照射后，甲襞毛细血管管攀数增加，血管扩张，血流加快，全血粘度及红细胞聚集性改善，表明毫米波有改善微循环的作用。     

毫米波辐射对白血病细胞亡及胞内游离Ca^2＋和Bcl—2基因表达的影响

毫米波辐射白血病细胞株后,有明显的诱导白血病细胞凋亡的效应,同时也有显著的直接杀灭白血病细胞株的作用,白血病细胞株受毫米波辐射后,胞内游离Ca^3 的浓度显著升高,Bcl-2基因的表达显著下降。     

血卟啉并毫米波辐照对人胃癌细胞损伤效应的实验观察

本文通过光镜和电镜观察了血卟啉衍生物(HPD)和频率为39GHz(λ=7.69mm),输出功率为30mW、60mW的毫米波给人胃癌细胞株(MG80-3)带来的生物形态学变化。当毫米波和HPD共同作用时,对体外培养的人胃癌细胞有一定的损伤作用。主要表现为细胞的浓缩、崩解破坏。电镜下细胞膜呈广泛破裂,微绒毛消失,大部分细胞器结构破坏。单纯用毫米波或HPD作用时,对癌细胞的损伤作用不明显。     

毫米波辐射对白血病细胞凋亡及胞内游离Ca2+和Bcl-2基因表达的影响

毫米波辐射白血病细胞株后,有明显的诱导白血病细胞凋亡的效应,同时也有显著的直接杀灭白血病细胞株的作用.白血病细胞株受毫米波辐射后,胞内游离Ca2+的浓度显著升高,Bd-2基因的表达显著下降.     

毫米波电磁辐射产生的生物组织影象中的加热模型

毫米波电磁辐射产生的生物组织影象中的加热模型［英］／ＫｈｉｚｈｎｙａｋＥＰ…／／ＩＥＥＥＴｒａｎｓＢＭＥ．－１９９４，４１（９）．－８６５本文采用温场红外线照相术研究了毫米波电磁能在生物组织表层的吸收模型。用不同类型的喇叭形天线在３７～７８ＧＨｚ频段...     

用生后精神生理学指标分析毫米波辐射对小鼠植入后胚胎生长发…

用频率３６．１１ＧＨｚ，功率密度为１．０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２的毫米波，在小鼠怀孕６－１５ｄ时进行２ｊ／ｄ的照射，胎仔出生后用精神生理学指标进行分析。结果显示，毫米波辐射可导致生后仔鼠三项反射指标形成时间明显延迟，可导致成年子鼠学习和记忆成绩降低，表现在Ｙ型电迷宫被动逃避条件反射实验中，需要较对照组鼠更多训练及次数才能达到规定标准。     

毫米波辐照对小鼠植入后胚胎发育的影响：Ⅱ：生后精神生理学分析

本文用频率36.11GHz,功率密度为7.2mW/cm~2的毫米波,在小鼠怀孕6—15天时进行2小时/天的照射,用生后精神生理学指标进行分析。结果发现,未见导致胎仔生后耳廓张开、睁眼、睾丸下降、阴唇张开等生理指标的改变,也未使表面翻正、姿态纠正、听觉惊愕等早期反射指标发生变化,成熟仔鼠的游泳耐力亦未受明显影响。但可导致出生三天内的脍仔体重降低,一周后照射组胎仔体重与对照组无明显差别。毫米波辐射可导致成熟后仔鼠的学习及记忆能力降低,表现在Y型电迷宫条件反射实验中,需要较对照组鼠更多训练次数和错误次数才能达到规定标准。实验证明,低功率密度毫米波照射植入后期胚胎可引起仔鼠精细的精神生理学方面的改变。     

毫米波疗法对防止切口脂肪液化的疗效观察

我院对2000年1月至2002年12月间肥胖患者术后采用毫米波疗法(MMWT)取得良好效果,现报告如下。一、资料与方法1.研究对象选择我院2002年1月至2002年12月间术中发现患者皮下脂肪厚超过3 cm,术前无感染征象进行毫米波疗法,随机将320名同类患者分为两组:一组为治疗组,术后除常规治疗外,于24 h内开始给予切口MMWT。另一组为对照组,采用常规治疗。     

Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition

Millimeter waves, high-frequency electromagnetic waves, can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms in osteoarthritis patients, as a non-pharmaceutical and non-invasive physical therapy regimen. However, the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of millimeter wave treatment are not well understood. In the present study, the effect of millimeter waves on the G1/S cell cycle progression in chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Chondrocytes isolated from the knee of SD rats were cultured and identified using toluidine blue staining. The second generation chondrocytes were collected and stimulated with or without millimeter waves for 48 h. Chondrocyte viability was analyzed using the MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution of chondrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and p21 were detected using real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Millimeter wave stimulation was found to significantly enhance chondrocyte viability. Moreover, the percentage of chondrocytes in the G0/G1 phase was significantly decreased, whereas that in the S phase was significantly increased. In addition, following millimeter wave treatment, cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression was significantly upregulated, whereas p21 expression was significantly downregulated. The results indicate that millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via cell cycle progression.     

Experimental clinical study of the effect of millimeter waves on microbial and inflammatory renal diseases

An investigation is made of the effect of low-intensity millimeter waves on the development of acute and chronic pyelonephritis. It is shown that the application of millimeter waves diminishes the rate of pyelonephritis recurrence and reduces the probability of chronic pyelonephritis. Furthermore, these waves normalize lipid peroxidation, stimulate antioxidant protection, and improve blood rheology. Experimental investigations performed on animals provided evidence for the positive effect of millimeter waves on the morphofunctional state of organs and tissues as well as on blood circulation. This especially concerns pyelonephritis of mycoplasmic etiology.     

用足孕期畸形学指标评价毫米波辐射对小鼠植入后胚胎生长发育的影响

本实验用频率36.11GHz、功率密度为10.0mW/cm~2的毫米波,在小鼠怀孕6～15d时进行2h/d的照射,在孕期终了用足孕期畸形学指标进行分析。结果显示,毫米波照射可导致足孕期孕鼠体重、体重增加数和胎鼠体重的明显降低,胎盘重明显减轻,足孕时胎仔身长及尾长均减短,照射未导致孕鼠脑、肝、肾、卵巢等脏器重量(右肾除外)及脏器/体重比值、活胎数、死胎数、吸收数等指标发生明显变化,亦未导致胎鼠外表发生畸形、内脏发生畸形,或骨骼畸形增多。     

磁光复合疗法的临床研究

探讨毫米波磁光复合疗法的临床应用。选用电子科技大学研制开发的EHF—98B，MMW．RL复合治疗仪。对171例患者体表病变区域或病变内脏的体表反射区(穴位)直接照射，按皮肤黏膜浅表性病变、骨关节软组织创伤、手术后切口、耳鼻喉感染及少见疑难疾病分5类病种进行临床疗效观察。结果显示本组171例患者，痊愈73例(42．7％)，显效43例(25．1％)，好转53例(31％)，无效2例(1.2％)。总有效率98．8％。分类观察显示该疗法对慢性宫颈炎、宫颈糜烂、软组织损伤，术后切口愈合有显著疗效，对部分少见疑难病(不孕症、白癜风、白塞氏病)也有疗效。     

低功率毫米波对于红细胞生物物理特性的影响

作者用低强度毫米级（波长6mm,频率50GHz,照射强度为100mW)电磁波照射15例健康人离体血样,照射时间分别为15分钟、30分钟和60分钟等。实验系统对照测试了正常组与照射组红细胞的多项流变学及生物物理学指标,包括血液粘度、红细胞变形性及聚集性、红细胞溶血脆性、红细胞膜的阴离子通透性以及红细胞的形态等,从生物物理学角度研究了低强度毫米波对生物组织非效应的影响程度,并初步讨论了这种作用的生理机制和意义。     

Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. Eight European Study Groups

BACKGROUND: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are at high risk for relapse if they are not given secondary prophylaxis. Whether secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia can be safely discontinued in patients who have a response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is not known. METHODS: We analyzed episodes of recurrent P. carinii pneumonia in 325 HIV-infected patients (275 men and 50 women) in eight prospective European cohorts. Between October 1996 and January 2000, these patients discontinued secondary prophylaxis during treatment with at least three anti-HIV drugs after they had at least one peripheral-blood CD4 cell count of more than 200 cells per cubic millimeter. RESULTS: Secondary prophylaxis was discontinued at a median CD4 cell count of 350 per cubic millimeter; the median nadir CD4 cell count had been 50 per cubic millimeter. The median duration of the increase in the CD4 cell count to more than 200 per cubic millimeter after discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis was 11 months. The median follow-up period after discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis was 13 months, yielding a total of 374 person-years of follow-up; for 355 of these person-years, CD4 cell counts remained at or above 200 per cubic millimeter. No cases of recurrent P. carinii pneumonia were diagnosed during this period; the incidence was thus 0 per 100 patient-years (99 percent confidence interval, 0 to 1.2 per 100 patient-years, on the basis of the entire follow-up period, and 0 to 1.3 per 100 patient-years, on the basis of the follow-up period during which CD4 cell counts remained at or above 200 per cubic millimeter). CONCLUSIONS: It is safe to discontinue secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have an immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy.     

A randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Grupo de Estudio del SIDA 04/98

BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is indicated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who have less than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter and in those with a history of P. carinii pneumonia. However, it is not clear whether prophylaxis can be safely discontinued after CD4 cell counts increase in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary or secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients with a sustained response to antiviral therapy, defined by a CD4 cell count of 200 or more per cubic millimeter and plasma HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level of less than 5000 copies per milliliter for at least three months. Prophylactic treatment was restarted if the CD4 cell count declined to less than 200 per cubic millimeter. RESULTS: The 474 patients receiving primary prophylaxis had a median CD4 cell count at entry of 342 per cubic millimeter, and 38 percent had detectable HIV-1 RNA. After a median follow-up period of 20 months (758 person-years), there had been no episodes of P. carinii pneumonia in the 240 patients who discontinued prophylaxis (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 0.85 episode per 100 person-years). For the 113 patients receiving secondary prophylaxis, the median CD4 cell count at entry was 355 per cubic millimeter, and 24 percent had detectable HIV-1 RNA. After a median follow-up period of 12 months (123 person-years), there had been no episodes of P. carinii pneumonia in the 60 patients who discontinued prophylaxis (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 4.5 episodes per 100 person-years). CONCLUSIONS: In HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, primary and secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia can be safely discontinued after the CD4 cell count has increased to 200 or more per cubic millimeter for more than three months.     

Über ein Endigungsgebiet afferenter,kardiovasculärer Fasern des Nervus vagus im Rautenhirn der Katze

Summary 1. A systematic exploration with microelectrodes of the cat rhombencephalon has been made to localize neurons discharging in synchrony with various phases of the heart beat. One to three millimeters rostral to the obex and one millimeter lateral to the edge of the fourth ventricle a point was found where such action potentials were especially common. The depth and exact position of the micro-electrode tip was indicated by making a small electrolytic lesion. The recording points were found to lie within the sensory nucleus of the vagus dorsal or dorsolateral to the tractus solitarius.2. Three types of burst discharges were noted within the region indicated: shortly after the R wave of the electrocardiogram, during the P wave and during the T wave. This corresponds to the three types of activity which have been found in vagal neurons.3. A variety of reasons have been advanced for believing that the action potentials are recorded postsynaptically.4. Evoked potentials were recorded selectively in the same region when the vagus was stimulated. These evoked potentials were not able to follow stimuli over 100/sec.5. Stimulation at the same point with the same microelectrode lowered the blood pressure and slowed the heart.6. It is concluded that cardiovascular vagal afferents terminate in this region of the medulla and that neurons there are fired with approximately the same rhythms as the vagal afferent fibers.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und des Office of Scientific Research of the Air Research and Development Command United States Air Force, European Office Contract No AF 61 (514)–1265.