氯米芬合用阿司匹林对子宫内膜发育和子宫血流的影响

目的:观察小剂量阿司匹林是否能改变氯米芬诱导排卵后子宫内膜的厚度、改善子宫血流的灌注。方法:4 5例不明原因不育或男方因素不育的妇女平均分为自然周期组、氯米芬组(CC组)、氯米芬加阿司匹林组(CC加aspirin组) ,观察3组HCG日及HCG加9天的激素水平、子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数(PI) ,HCG日的子宫内膜类型。结果:CC组无论HCG日还是HCG加9天内膜厚度均明显小于自然周期组(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而CC加aspirin组内膜厚度均明显大于CC组(P <0 . 0 5 )。CC组无论HCG日还是HCG加9天的子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)均明显著大于自然周期组(P <0 . 0 5 ) ,而CC加aspirin组子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)均显著小于CC组(P <0 . 0 5 )。结论:小剂量阿司匹林能改善氯米芬诱导排卵中的子宫血流灌注,从而改善子宫内膜发育。     

来曲唑用于有排卵不孕症妇女的促排卵效果观察——与氯米芬的对照研究

目的 探讨来曲唑用于有排卵不孕症妇女的促排卵效果及其对生殖激素的影响。方法 选择2005-06-01—2005-10-31北京大学第三医院拟行宫腔内人工授精（IUI），或指导同房，或供精人工授精（AID）的111例有排卵的不孕症妇女，于月经周期第3～7天，每日口服来曲唑2．5mg（68例），或于月经周期第5～9天每日口服氯米芬（clomifene）50mg（43例）。超声监测卵泡发育，并于月经周期第8天和HCG日取静脉血测定黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）和雄烯二酮（A）。当最大卵泡的平均直径／〉20mm时，肌注HCG 10000IU诱发排卵。观察排卵率、妊娠率、子宫内膜厚度及生殖激素的变化。结果 来曲唑组的排卵率和周期妊娠率与氯米芬组相似（P〉0．05），其优势卵泡数以及成熟卵泡数均显著低于氯米芬组（P〈0．01）。来曲唑组在HCG日子宫内膜的厚度显著厚于氯米芬组（P〈0、01）。其在月经周期第8天和HCG日血清E2水平均显著低于氯米芬组（P〈0、01），月经周期第8天血清A显著高于氯米芬组（P〈0．05），这种差异在HCG日消失，但血清T水平在两组之间没有差异来曲唑组在HCG日血清LH水平明显高于氯米芬组。结论 来曲唑用于有排卵的不孕症妇女，具有良好的排卵率，但其排卵率和妊娠率并未优于氯米芬，其能否作为一线的促排卵药物还需要进一步的研究结果来支持。     

小剂量阿司匹林对促排卵子宫内膜发育的影响

诱发排卵是不孕症最常用的治疗方法。氯米芬等促排卵率为 5 5 %～ 99% ,但其妊娠率仅为 2 5 %左右[1] 。氯米芬可直接[2 ] 及通过减少子宫的血液供应而影响子宫内膜的发育[3 ] ,造成囊胚种植时子宫内膜不良的容受状态 ,使妊娠率降低。本研究于促排卵同时给予小剂量阿司匹林 ,通过增加子宫的血液供应 ,改善氯米芬促排卵时造成的子宫内膜发育不良 ,以提高妊娠率。一、资料和方法1 研究对象及给药方案 :选自本院 2 0 0 0年 9月至 2 0 0 1年 3月收治的不明原因的不孕患者 30例 ,平均年龄 (2 9± 4 )岁 ,平均不孕时间 (4± 3)年 ,月经周期规则 ,…     

小剂量补佳乐在诱导排卵中对子宫内膜发育的影响

目的探讨小剂量补佳乐是否能改善克罗米芬诱导排卵中的子宫内膜发育。方法45例不明原因或男方因素的不育妇女分为三组，自然周期组、克罗米芬组(CC组)、克罗米芬 补佳乐组(CC PGV组)各15例，观察三组hCG日及hCG 9d激素环境、子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)，hCG日子宫内膜类型。结果CC组无论hCG日还是hCG 9d内膜厚度均明显小于自然周期组，而CC PGV组内膜厚度均明显大于CC组。CC组和CC PGV组子宫动脉PI无显著差别，但均显著大于自然周期组。结论小剂量补佳乐能改善克罗米芬诱导排卵中子宫内膜的发育。     

来曲唑联合促性腺激素用于行宫腔内人工授精的排卵障碍者的促排卵研究

目的:探讨来曲唑在促排卵过程中的功效。方法:100例不孕症常规检查确诊为女性排卵障碍并接受超促排卵及IUI的不孕患者,随机分为A组(50例):口服来曲唑(LE)+hMG,B组(50例):口服氯米芬(CC)+hMG,分别监测hCG注射日子宫内膜的厚度、形态、血E2、P水平,分别统计排卵率及妊娠率。结果:A组血清中雌激素水平明显较低,hCG注射日子宫内膜较厚。直径>17mm卵泡数组间无明显差异,临床妊娠率也无明显差异。结论:对因女性排卵障碍引起的不孕,用LE或CC促排卵,其获卵数和临床妊娠率无差异,但用LE促排卵,可以减少CC抗雌激素样作用对子宫内膜的不良影响,使子宫内膜有较好的容受性,有利于妊娠。     

超促排卵与胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性的关系

目的：探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）中超促排卵与胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性的关系。方法：选择行长方案IVF-ET患者70例,检测自然周期排卵后第3天和超促排卵周期取卵后第3天（即ET日）的子宫内膜厚度和血流状态。按子宫内膜穿支血流显示情况分为3级：I级,内膜穿支血流≤2支;II级,内膜穿支血流为3—5支;Ⅲ级,内膜穿支血流≥6支。随访IVF-ET结局,分为妊娠组（24例）和非妊娠组（46例）。结果：妊娠组自然周期内膜穿支血流情况与未妊娠组间差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）,而2组间超促排卵周期内膜穿支血流情况差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）。妊娠组自然周期和超促排卵周期子宫内膜穿支血流情况均较为丰富,差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）;而未妊娠组超促排卵周期子宫内膜穿支血流情况较自然周期丰富,差异有统计意义（P〈0．01）。自然周期和超促排卵周期子宫内膜血流参数和子宫内膜厚度差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论：自然周期内膜穿支血流丰富可能提示较高妊娠率,可作为子宫内膜容受性的参考指标之一。超促排卵可能改变胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性,但尚无影响子宫内膜厚度及血流参数的相关证据。     

自然及促排卵周期子宫内膜整合素α4β1的表达

目的 了解氯米芬（CC）、绝经期促性腺激素（hMG）对黄体中期子宫内膜整合素α4β1表达的影响。方法 应用单克隆抗体,采用免疫组织化学技术检测48例正常妇女自然周期以及48例正常妇女、30例多囊卵巢综合征患者应用CC／绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）及CC／hMG/hCG方案促卵治疗后黄体中期子宫内膜整合素α4β1的表达。结果 子宫内膜整合素α4β1在正常妇女自然周期着床窗口期呈现强阳性表达,而CC、hMG抑制整合率α4β1的表达,两者比较,差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）;妊娠者较妊娠者整合素α4β1表达强度高。结论 促排卵周期黄体中期整合素α4β1表达下降或缺失,子宫内膜容受性下降,妊娠率降低。     

薄型子宫内膜种植窗期血管生成状态及雌孕激素受体整合素β3表达的研究

目的探讨人薄型子宫内膜种植窗期血管生成状态及雌、孕激素受体、整合素β3，表达的变化和意义。方法选择2003年9月至2004年9月于遵义医学院附属医院生殖中心就诊的自然月经周期尿黄体生成索（LH）峰日子宫内膜厚度〈8mm不孕妇女25例为研究对象，同期8mm〈子宫内膜厚度〈16mm的不孕妇女25例作为正常对照，采用化学发光法、免疫组织化学技术分别检测两组黄体中期血清雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）以及子宫内膜雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、整合素β3，和微血管密度（MVD）。结果两组血清E2、P水平及子宫内膜ER、PR的表达强度比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；研究组MVD及整合素β3的表达均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；两组MVD与整合索B，的袁达均存在正相关关系（分别为r=0．916，P〈0．01；r=0．956，P〈0．01）。结论种植窗期子宫内膜血管生成不良和整合素β3，的低表达可能是薄型子宫内膜不孕患者胚胎种植率低下的一个原因。     

Survivin蛋白在子宫内膜癌和子宫内膜复杂性增生中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究凋亡抑制蛋白survivin在子宫内膜癌和子宫内膜复杂性增生中的表达差异以及在子宫内膜癌中表达与内膜癌预后相关因素的关系。方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测41例子宫内膜癌、26例子宫内膜复杂性增，丰和8例正常内膜标本中survivin蛋白的表达情况。结果 survivin蛋白在正常内膜没有表达。在子宫内膜癌中和子守内膜复杂性增生中的阳性表达率分别是85．3％和30．8％，两者的表达有明显的差异（P〈0．001），且子宫内膜癌组阳性细胞的染色强度明显比子宫内膜复杂性增生组强（P〈0．001）。41例子宫内膜癌中，survivin的表达与肿瘤细胞的组织学分级、肌层浸润及临床一病理分期呈正相关（P〈0．01、P〈0．001和P〈0．01）。结论 survivin蛋白与子宫内膜癌的发生有关，升且与子宫内膜癌的不良生物学行为有关，可为临床治疗提供有价值的信息，对估计预后有指导意义。     

人绝经期促性腺激素联合氯米芬或来曲唑用于多囊卵巢综合征患者促排卵疗效比较

的探讨人绝经期促性腺激素（HMG）＋氯米芬（CC）、HMG和来曲唑（LE）＋HMO对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者宫腔内供精人工授精的治疗效果。方法将2007年12月-2008年5月期间在我中心就诊的114例PCOS妇女的114个宫腔内人工授精（AID）周期分为3组：CC＋HMG周期组38个周期，HMG周期组38个周期，LE＋HMG周期组38个周期。分析比较3组的年龄、血清T水平、绒毛膜促性腺激素肌肉注射日（HCG日）平均卵泡直径（MFD）≥14mm的卵泡（成熟卵泡）个数、平均卵泡E2水平、子宫内膜厚度、HCG日单优势卵泡发育成熟百分率、HMG用量和周期妊娠率。结果CC＋HMG组、HMG组和LE＋HMG组患者年龄和血清T水平比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05），CC＋HMG组HCG日成熟卵泡个数为（2．9±1．6）个，明显多于其他两组[HMG组为（1．6±1．0）个，LE＋HMG组为（1．9±1．2）个]，差异有显著性（P〈0．05），而内膜厚度较其他两组薄，差异有显著性（P〈0．05），HMG组与LE＋HMG组HCG日成熟卵泡个数和子宫内膜厚度比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。3组HCG日单优势卵泡发育成熟百分率分别21．05％、78．95％和52．63％，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。CC＋HMG组、HMG组和LE＋HMG组HMG用量分别为（4．89±1．59）支和（9．88±4．59）支、（9．68±4．67）支（75IU／支），CC＋HMG组与后两组比较，差异有显著性（P=0．00）。HMG组、LE＋HMG组HMG用量比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。3组的周期妊娠率分别为36．84％、39．48％和31．57％，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论HMG促排卵周期更易得到单优势卵泡发育成熟；CC＋HMG促排卵HMG用药量最少；CC＋HMG、HMG和LE＋HMG均可获得满意的周期妊娠率。     

温肾活血汤联合克罗米芬改善促排卵子宫内膜容受性疗效研究

目的:探讨温肾活血汤联合克罗米芬(clomiphene citrate,CC)促排卵治疗后对子宫内膜容受性的影响。方法:45例排卵障碍型不孕患者随机分成A组(CC)、B组(CC+阿司匹林)、C组(CC+温肾活血中药),每组15例。治疗1～3个疗程,观察排卵率、妊娠率及hCG注射日子宫内膜类型及厚度。结果:C组A+B型内膜率(91.18%)显著高于A组(76.92%,P<0.01)及B组(66.67%,P<0.05);C组内膜平均厚度(9.4±2.2mm)显著高于A组(7.8±1.4mm),P<0.05。周期排卵率C组(82.35%)>B组(76.92%)>A组(69.23%),但各组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)发生率C组(5.88%)显著低于A组(23.08%)(P<0.05)。周期妊娠率C组(23.5%)>B组(15.4%)>A组(10.3%)(P<0.05)。结论:温肾活血汤能提高克罗米芬促排卵治疗后的妊娠率,其机制可能与促进排卵、降低LUFS发生及改善子宫内膜容受性有关,其改善内膜容受性的效果好于阿司匹林联合CC。     

来曲唑联合克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征患者的疗效及对排卵、妊娠情况的影响#br#

Objective?To investigate the clinical effect of letrozole (LE) combined with clomiphene (CC) in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods?A total of 120 patients with PCOS were selected as the research objects, of which 60 patients who received single CC treatment were the control group, while the combined group (60 patients) was given LE+CC treatment. Menstrual conditions and sex hormone levels [luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P)] were compared between the two groups, and ovulation and pregnancy were recorded in the two groups. Results?The number of mature follicles, endometrial thickness, menstrual cycle, menstrual volume and early abortion rate in the combined group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, E2, LH, P secretion levels, ovulation rate, pregnancy rate and twin rate in the combined group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion? LE combined with CC in the treatment of PCOS patients can achieve better efficacy in ovulation induction and pregnancy.     

A randomized study of dexamethasone in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate

Improved understanding of follicular dynamics has led to a reevaluation of suppression of adrenal androgens in ovulation induction. To test whether adrenal suppression during clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy would improve ovulation/pregnancy rates, 64 anovulatory patients who had not previously received CC were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg CC on days 5 to 9 alone or with 0.5 mg dexamethasone (CC + DEX). Patients were then screened for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (normal range, 80 to 320 micrograms/dl), prolactin, testosterone, and semen analysis of the partner. Nine patients discontinued participation prior to completing the first treatment cycle, and ten patients were found to have either elevated prolactin (4), severe male factors (3), or tubal disease (3) and were discontinued. CC was increased 50 mg/day per cycle through 150 mg/day until ovulation occurred. Once the patient was ovulatory on therapy, a properly timed postcoital test and endometrial biopsy for luteal phase defect were performed. If anovulatory at 150 mg/day of CC or demonstrating abnormal postcoital test or endometrial biopsy at 150 mg/day of CC, patients were crossed to the other arm of the treatment protocol. The results revealed a significantly higher rate of ovulation (P less than 0.01) and conception (P less than 0.05) in the CC + DEX-treated group. When correlated with DHEA-S levels, this improvement occurred in patients with DHEA-S greater than 200 micrograms/dl (P less than 0.05).     

来曲唑对大鼠子宫内膜α_vβ_3和HOXA10表达的影响

目的:探讨应用来曲唑促排卵对大鼠围着床期子宫内膜整合素αvβ3和HOXA10表达的影响。方法:将60只Wistar雌鼠随机等分为3组:来曲唑组(letrozole,LE组),克罗米芬组(clomiphenecitrate,CC组),生理盐水组(NS组),分别进行促排卵。用免疫组化法观察大鼠围着床期子宫内膜腺上皮整合素αvβ3的表达变化;应用RT-PCR和Westenblot方法观察大鼠围着床期子宫内膜HOXA10表达情况。结果:LE组大鼠子宫内膜αvβ3表达与NS组无差异(P>0.05),但LE组显著高于CC组(P>0.01);NS组HOXA10表达高于LE组(P>0.05),LE组HOXA10表达高于CC组(P>0.01)。结论:来曲唑促排卵对大鼠子宫内膜容受性的抑制作用比克罗米芬小,有可能成为较为合适的促排卵药物之一。     

卵泡期地塞米松应用对克罗米芬抵抗的多囊卵巢综合征促排卵作用研究

目的:探讨克罗米芬(CC)联合地塞米松(DEX)对CC抵抗的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的促排卵效果。方法:将50名CC抵抗患者随机分为治疗组(A组)和对照组(B组)。A组患者在月经第3￣7日口服CC100mg/d,同时在月经周期的第3￣12日口服DEX1.0mg/d;B组CC的应用同A组,同时在月经周期的第3￣12日口服叶酸片0.5mg/d。月经第8日开始监测卵泡发育情况。当有1个卵泡直径≥18mm或2个卵泡直径≥17mm时,肌注hCG10000IU,36h后性生活。观察2组注射hCG日成熟卵泡数和子宫内膜厚度、促排卵天数、月经周期第22日孕酮水平、排卵率和妊娠率。结果:A组注射hCG日的成熟卵泡数、子宫内膜厚度、月经第22日血清中孕酮水平以及排卵率和妊娠率与B组相比差异均有显著性(P<0.05￣P<0.01);促排卵天数组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对CC抵抗的PCOS患者,DEX可以促进排卵,改善CC对子宫内膜的抗雌激素效应,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高排卵率和妊娠率。     

Comparison of endometrial receptivity of clomiphene citrate versus letrozole in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled study

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole on endometrial receptivity for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A randomized controlled study included 160 patients diagnosed with PCOS, out of which 80 patients received 50?mg of CC and 80 patients received 2.5?mg of letrozole for successful ovulation induction. Endometrial thickness and pattern, the blood flow of uterine artery and subendometrial region, endometrial volume and vascularization index were measured. The ratio of multilayered endometrial pattern in letrozole group was significantly increased on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration compared with CC group (77.5% vs. 55.0%). The volume, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) of endometrium on the day of hCG administration and 7–9?days after ovulation in letrozole group were significantly increased. The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate in letrozole group were significantly increased compared with CC group (36.3%, 30.0%, 22.5% vs. 21.3%, 13.8%, 10.0%, respectively). Letrozole increased pregnancy rates by improving endometrial receptivity compared with CC in patients with PCOS.     

The effect of laparoscopic follicular aspiration on ovarian steroidogenesis during the early preimplantation period

Seventeen patients were studied for the first 72 hours of the luteal phase after spontaneous ovulation or follicle aspiration. Nine patients (group I) underwent follicle aspiration after clomiphene citrate (CC) administration, three women were studied after CC for ovulation induction (group II), and five spontaneous ovulating subjects served as controls (group III). Serum progesterone (P) concentrations were significantly elevated in stimulated cycles with or without follicle aspiration, compared with subjects. Moreover, when aspirated subjects were compared with nonaspirated stimulated subjects, a significant difference in P concentration was identified. It can be concluded that with follicle aspiration, P decreases can be observed, but with multiple follicle development, inadequate P levels are not seen in these stimulated subjects. On the contrary, with such elevated P levels, endometrial advancement may play a role in poor implantation success with human in vitro fertilization procedures.     

A comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on superovulation in Asian women with normal ovulatory cycles

Objective. To compare the effect of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) on superovulation in women with normal ovulation.

Methods. A cross-over randomized study of 22 women with normal ovulation, divided randomly into two equal cohorts, was carried out. Each group of 11 women was randomly allocated to take letrozole or CC for one cycle. After washing out for one cycle, the alternative drug was administered in the subsequent cycle. The number and size of mature follicles, endometrial thickness, and estradiol and progesterone levels were monitored.

Results. The number of mature follicles and estradiol levels on ovulation day were significantly lower in the letrozole group than the CC group (p < 0.05 for both). However, no differences between the two groups in endometrial thickness and pattern were observed. Progesterone levels showed ovulation in all cycles.

Conclusions. The administration of 50 mg CC on days 3–5 was superior to 2.5 mg letrozole for superovulation induction in women with normal ovulation.     

N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant to clomiphene citrate for successful induction of ovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration as an adjuvant to clomiphene citrate (CC) on induction of ovulation outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: In this placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial, 180 PCOS infertile patients were randomly divided into two groups for induction of ovulation. Patients in group 1 received CC 100?mg/d plus NAC 1.2?g/d and patients in group 2 received CC plus placebo for 5?days starting at day 3 of the cycle. On the 12th day of the menstrual cycle in the presence of at least one follicle with an 18-20-mm diameter in ultrasound evaluation, 10?000?U hCG was injected intramuscularly and timed intercourse was advised 36?h after hCG injection. Serum β-hCG level was measured on the 16th day after hCG injection. Results: The number of follicles >18?mm and the mean endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration were significantly higher among the CC+NAC group (P-value?=?0.001). The ovulation and pregnancy rates were also significantly higher in the CC+NAC group (P-value?=?0.02 and 0.04, respectively). No adverse side-effects and no cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were observed in the group receiving NAC. Conclusion: NAC as a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant to CC for induction of ovulation can improve the ovulation and pregnancy rates in PCOS patients. It may also have some beneficial impacts on endometrial thickness.     

Luteal dysfunction in ovulation induction: the role of repetitive human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation during the luteal phase

Several studies have indicated that ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or clomiphene citrate (CC) is associated with luteal phase defect. To assess the efficiency of luteal support by hCG to an infertile population undergoing ovulation induction, with CC/hCG or hMG/hCG, we have randomly administered 2500 IU hCG intramuscularly on days 3, 6, and 9 after ovulation induction by 10,000 IU of hCG to 74 patients on 265 treatment cycles. As controls served 357 ovulation induction cycles in the same 74 patients. The treatment cycles were randomly alternated with control cycles so that each patient served as her own control. However, the mean +/- standard deviation (SD) midluteal P was 38.1 +/- 10.8 ng/ml in the study group versus 15.7 +/- 10.5 ng/ml in the control group (P less than 0.001). Luteal phase length was 15.4 +/- 1.5 days in the treatment group versus 12.1 +/- 1.7 in the control group (P less than 0.01). In the treatment group, 64.8% of the patients achieved pregnancy (27% pregnancies/treatment cycle) versus 47.3% in the control group (11.5% pregnancies/control cycle) (P less than 0.01). The pregnancy wastage rates (including abortions and "chemical" pregnancies) were 30.6% in the treatment group versus 56% in the control group (P less than 0.01). We conclude that repetitive hCG administration may be an efficient luteal support in infertile patients undergoing ovulation induction.