盐酸美普他酚鼻用温敏型凝胶的制备及其体外释放度考察

目的:制备盐酸美普他酚鼻用温敏型凝胶并考察其体外释放特性。方法:以盐酸美普他酚为主药,泊洛沙姆P407为凝胶材料制备凝胶;以影响制剂胶凝温度的泊洛沙姆P407、P188及PEG6000用量为考察因素,胶凝温度为考察指标进行正交试验优选处方;同时采用改良的Franz扩散池法,以生理盐水为介质进行体外释放特性评价。结果:以处方中含有泊洛沙姆P407为20%、泊洛沙姆P188为3%、PEG6000为2%为最佳处方,平均胶凝温度为32.4℃。所制制剂15min即释药约25%,体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程。结论:该制剂处方设计和工艺方法可行,并具有一定的缓释特性,适合鼻腔给药。     

盐酸格拉司琼鼻用温敏型凝胶的制备及其体外释放度研究

目的研制盐酸格拉司琼鼻用温敏型凝胶并考察其体外释药行为。方法以泊洛沙姆407为凝胶材料，泊洛沙姆188及聚乙二醇6000调节胶凝温度，正交试验法优选处方，并采用数学模型拟合体外释放曲线。结果盐酸格拉司琼鼻用温敏型凝胶在32～33％胶凝，体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程。结论盐酸格拉司琼鼻用温敏型凝胶处方设计合理，可进一步研究开发。     

辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶的制备及其体外释放研究

目的：制备辛苯聚醇阴道用温敏凝胶[（O-9）-VTG],并对其释放机制进行探讨。方法：采用冷溶法以泊洛沙姆407（P407）和泊洛沙姆188（P188）为温敏凝胶材料制备凝胶,倒置法测定其胶凝温度（T_GEL）,再应用星点设计-效应面法优化处方,并采用无膜溶出模型考察其体外溶蚀及释药情况。结果：优化的处方基质配比为P407：P188：甘油：壳聚糖=16.3：5.7：5：0.6,胶凝温度为33℃,胶凝时间约1.6 min;辛苯聚醇体外释放符合零级动力学方程。结论：效应面法筛选辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶处方合理,（O-9）-VTG作为新型阴道用避孕制剂前景良好。     

白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶的制备及体外评价

目的:采用安全性高、生物相容性好的常用凝胶材料制备白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶,并对处方进行优化,获得具有温敏性质的可漂浮于膀胱内并长时间持续释放药物的凝胶剂,用于膀胱癌的膀胱灌注化疗。方法:以泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、海藻酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸氢铵为辅料,冷溶法制备凝胶;以胶凝温度、胶凝时间为指标,采用星点设计-响应面法对泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、碳酸氢铵的用量进行优化;对优化处方进行温敏性能、漂浮性能和释药性能评价。结果:最优处方为白藜芦醇30%,泊洛沙姆407 17.2%,泊洛沙姆188 5.5%,海藻酸钠0.15%,碳酸钙0.06%,碳酸氢铵0.15%。该处方的胶凝温度为28℃～29℃,胶凝时间为50 s,药物以扩散方式从漂浮凝胶中缓慢释放,持续释放时间超过48 d。结论:白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶具有膀胱内长时间持续释放药物的性质,可以作为膀胱癌治疗中膀胱灌注化疗的替代给药形式,具有提高患者依从性的优点。     

佐米曲普坦鼻用温敏凝胶的制备及黏膜渗透研究

目的 研制佐米曲普坦鼻用温敏凝胶并考察其体外黏膜渗透特点.方法 以泊洛沙姆P407为凝胶材料,以泊洛沙姆P188、PEG6000调节胶凝温度与时间,采用正交实验筛选处方,并进行体外鼻黏膜渗透试验.结果 佐米曲普坦温敏凝胶在33℃下,可迅速胶凝,并具有一定的黏膜渗透量.结论 佐米曲普坦温敏凝胶处方设计合理,可进一步深入研究.     

羧甲基壳聚糖阴道温敏性原位凝胶的研制及体外质量考察

摘要：目的:优化羧甲基壳聚糖（CCS）阴道温敏性原位凝胶的处方,并对其体外性质进行考察。方法:拟定CCS质量分数为1.0%,以pH 4.2乳酸-乳酸钠为缓冲体系,在单因素试验的基础上,以胶凝温度(Tgel)为评价指标,以正交试验优化泊洛沙姆407（P407）、泊洛沙姆188（P188）、甘油及聚卡波菲（PCP）的用量。对最佳处方制备的CCS温敏性原位凝胶的pH、胶凝时间、黏度及体外释药特性进行考察。结果:优化的最佳处方为18%P407,5%P188,5%甘油及0.4%PCP。最佳处方制备的CCS温敏性原位凝胶平均Tgel为29.5℃,pH为4.12,胶凝时间为22.6 s,在8个温度单位内完成黏度的增加,体外释药符合一级动力学过程,且主要由基质溶蚀控制。结论:CCS温敏性原位凝胶体外性质符合阴道给药制剂的要求,并可迅速发生相转变,可望在阴道局部发挥缓释长效作用。     

氯霉素温敏型眼用原位凝胶的研制

目的制备氯霉素泊洛沙姆眼用原位温敏型凝胶并建立其质量控制方法。方法以泊洛沙姆P407和P188为温敏材料,通过测定溶液-凝胶相转变温度优化处方;采用紫外分光光度法测定氯霉素含量。结果氯霉素温敏型原位凝胶的胶凝温度随P407浓度增大而降低,随P188浓度增加先升高后降低,模拟泪液的稀释可使胶凝温度升高,建立了泪液稀释后相变温度与泊洛沙姆浓度的拟合方程,经Design-Expert软件优化出的氯霉素温敏型原位凝胶最佳处方为25%P407和4.19%P188;优化处方在29.5℃时为自由流动的液体,泪液稀释后在34.6℃能够发生相变形成凝胶。结论该眼用温敏凝胶符合眼部应用要求,体现出良好的应用前景。     

星点设计-效应面法优化氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶的处方

目的研制氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶。方法采用冷法工艺制备氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶,以泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188为温敏凝胶材料,以二者用量为考察因素,以人工模拟泪液稀释前后的胶凝温度为考察指标,采用星点设计-效应面法进行处方优化并验证。结果氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶优化处方P407和P188的质量浓度配比为190∶40,胶凝温度为28.37℃,经模拟泪液稀释后胶凝温度为32.63℃。结论星点设计-效应面法优化处方的方法可行,建立的数学模型预测性好,该眼用温敏凝胶满足眼部用药的设计要求,可进一步研究开发。     

盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶的制备及体外释放度的考察

目的:制备盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶并考察其体外释放度。方法:以泊洛沙姆为基质,筛选最佳处方以达到合适胶凝温度,并利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立含量测定方法考察体外释放度。结果:结果显示以1%盐酸布替萘芬、0.1%山梨酸钾、2%甘油、5%聚山梨酯80、12%泊洛沙姆407及5%泊洛沙姆188为配方制备的温敏水凝胶在35℃时产生胶凝,体外释放度考察结果显示8 h可释放超过90%的药物。结论:本研究制备的盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性及黏附性,具有缓释特性且给药方便,是一种值得开发的药物制剂。     

星点设计-响应面法优选肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶基质处方的研究

目的:优选肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶的基质处方.方法:以胶凝温度为指标,基于单因素分析,采用星点设计-响应面法优化并验证肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶基质处方中泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、羟丙甲基纤维素的最优配比.结果:肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶最优处方为泊洛沙姆407:泊洛沙姆188:羟丙基甲基纤维素=2...     

无膜释放模型考察直肠用温敏型原位凝胶的体外释放情况

目的:研究直肠用温敏型原位凝胶的体外释药考察方法。方法:采用无膜释放模型,以对乙酰氨基酚为模型药物、泊洛沙姆407为基质制备凝胶;分别采用《中国药典》桨法和常见的水浴振荡法,考察桨法转速(50、75、100r·min-1)、振荡器振荡频率(50、100、150r·min-1)对凝胶中药物释放行为的影响,并对释药数据采用不同的方程进行拟合。结果:桨法释药速率随桨速的增加而加快,但不同桨速间释药行为存在一定差异;振荡法释药速率也随振荡频率的增加而加快,但释药行为基本相似。各释药行为均符合零级方程,并以桨法75r·min-1和振荡法100r·min-1最符合。结论:本文建立的无膜释放模型可用于以泊洛沙姆407为基质的温敏型原位凝胶的释药研究,且桨法宜采用转速为75r·min-1,振荡法宜选用振荡频率为100r·min-1。     

Rheological characterization of Poloxamer 407 lidocaine hydrochloride gels.

Thermal gelation of Poloxamer 407 lidocaine hydrochloride gels was characterized by rheological studies. Lidocaine, a local anesthetic used for treatment of acute and chronic pain, presents short duration action; thus a long-action single-dose injection would be of clinical importance. Poloxamer 407 gel can extend the release and the action of lidocaine. In the present work, aqueous gels with lidocaine containing different concentrations of Poloxamer 407 and additives like inorganic salts (NaCl, NaH(2)PO(4), Na(2)CO(3)) and PEG 400 were obtained. Viscosity measurements and the optimal sol-gel transition temperature were obtained by these rheological studies. Poloxamer 407 gels are viscoelastic materials because they have elastic modulus (G'), characteristic of solid materials, and viscous modulus (G"), characteristic of liquid materials. Poloxamer 407 gels are pseudoplastic; therefore, when shear deformed, their viscosity decreases. Increase of the polymer concentration increases the viscosity of the gels, which can change the releasing process of lidocaine from the gel. The sol-gel transition temperature was decreased by increasing the polymer concentration and by the presence of additives. The rheological behaviour of Poloxamer gels characterized in this work can be useful for understanding further studies of drug release.     

Poloxamer/Cyclodextrin/Chitosan-Based Thermoreversible Gel for Intranasal Delivery of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride

To enhance permeation and solubility of an intranasal delivery system of fexofenadine hydrochloride (FXD HCl), a new formulation using poloxamer 407 (P407)/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)-based thermoreversible gels with chitosan, was developed. Prepared gels were characterized by gelation temperature, viscosity, viscoelasticity, and drug release profile. The in vitro permeation study was performed in primary human nasal epithelial cell monolayers cultured by air–liquid interface method. The addition of chitosan caused the slight elevation of gelation temperature and viscosity-enhancing effect. Viscosity enhancement by the incorporation of chitosan caused the retardation of drug release from P407 gels in in vitro release test. The in vitro permeation profile showed that the increase in chitosan content (0.1% and 0.3%, w/v) significantly enhanced the permeation of FXD HCl. After intranasal administration of P407/HP-β-CD–based thermoreversible gels containing 0.1% and 0.3% of chitosan in rabbits at 0.5 mg/kg dose, plasma concentrations of FXD HCl were significantly higher than those of nasal solutions (p < 0.05). In particular, the bioavailability of the optimized thermoreversible gel containing 0.3% chitosan was about 18-fold higher than that of the solution type. These results suggested the feasibility that thermosensitive gels could be used as an effective dosage form to enhance the nasal absorption of FXD HCl.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素温敏凝胶的制备及其体外释放度研究

目的制备重组人血管内皮抑制素（rh-endostatin）温度敏感型缓释凝胶制剂并考察其体外释放。方法以聚丙交酯-乙交酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物（PLGA-PEG-PLGA）为载体材料制备rh-endostatin温敏凝胶,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定rh-endostatin温敏凝胶体外释药量。结果 rh-endostatin温敏凝胶在释放介质PBS（含0.02%NaN3）中,开始2h内释放了17.34%,第一天释放了26.44%,之后药物释放逐渐平稳,七天共释放了65.66%。持续至第十八天累积释放了87.05%。结论 PLGA-PEG-PLGA温敏型凝胶是重组人血管内皮抑制素局部注射给药较理想的缓释载体。     

Preparation and Characterisation of Mucoadhesive Nasal Gel of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride for Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

The aim of the present study is to prepare and evaluate mucoadhesive nasal gels of venlafaxine hydrochloride. Mucoadhesive nasal gels were prepared using polymers like carbopol 934 and sodium alginate and characterized in terms of viscosity, texture profile analysis, ex vivo drug permeation profiles and histopathological studies. The results show that values of viscosity, hardness and adhesiveness increase while those of cohesiveness decrease with corresponding increase in concentration of the polymers. Ex vivo drug permeation profiles showed that formulation containing 5% sodium alginate provided a better controlled release of the drug than the other formulations over a period of 12 h. Histopathological studies assured that gels containing different polymers did not produce any significant change in the nasal mucosae of goat even after 12 h permeation study. Mucoadhesive nasal gel of venlafaxine hydrochloride is a novel dosage form which delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation and provides controlled release of the drug.     

Sustained release of lidocaine from Poloxamer 407 gels

In this work, we show that alteration of P407 gel content can affect drug release rates. The inorganic salts and PEG 400 commonly included in the formulation of P407 gels can also change the rate at which a drug is released. Lidocaine was selected as a model drug because, although widely used in the treatment of pain, its use is limited by short duration of its effects. The use of P407 gels prolongs the residence time of the lidocaine at the injection site, sustains drug release and increases therapeutic efficacy. Release studies were performed in a diffusion system. During release, data followed the Higuchi square root law time kinetic (r>0.98). Increased polymer concentration in the gel increases viscosity and reduces lidocaine release rates and diffusion coefficients via extended gel dissolution time and prolonged drug diffusion through the gel matrix. Lidocaine release rates and diffusion coefficients increased in gels composed of NaCl or PEG 400 aqueous solution. Because these additives are hydrophilic, they reduce gel dissolution time, thereby accelerating drug diffusion. Poloxamer is biocompatible and the results support the possibility of using Poloxamer gel as a sustained release injectable formulation.     

中药醒鼻温敏凝胶的鼻粘膜毒性考察(英文)

本研究采用生理盐水作为空白对照,含1%盐酸麻黄碱的呋麻滴鼻剂作为阴性对照,显微镜下观察中药醒鼻温敏凝胶对蟾蜍上颚粘膜纤毛运动的影响以及鼻腔给药后,大鼠鼻粘膜组织病理切片变化情况,探讨中药醒鼻温敏凝胶对鼻粘膜纤毛的毒性。结果表明中药醒鼻温敏凝胶对鼻黏膜纤毛运动无影响,与生理盐水的相对运动百分率为94.1%;鼻粘膜组织切片显示无显著病理变化情况。综合我们的实验结果,可以得出中药醒鼻温敏凝胶安全性较高,无明显纤毛毒性,可用于鼻腔给药。