计算机操作引起的尺骨撞击综合征

[目的]探讨键盘鼠标操作引起腕部尺骨撞击综合征的原因.[方法]2004年12月～2007年12月,诊断为尺侧撞击综合征的长期键盘鼠标操作者33例,利用物理检查及影像学检查,分析操作键盘鼠标引起尺骨撞击综合征的原因.[结果]尺骨阳性变异13例(39.3%),10例尺骨中性变异患者在握拳、旋前位能够诱发尺骨动态阳性变异(66.7%);13例(92.9%)出现腕骨MRI信号改变,信号改位于腕骨、尺骨头相对部位;13例(92.9%)出现三角纤维软骨(triangular fibrocartilage,TFC)损伤,部位多在尺侧及中央部(76.9%).[结论]长时间反复键盘鼠标操作,使腕部频繁或高重复性尺偏、旋前,加剧或诱发尺骨动态阳性,导致尺骨头密集地撞击TFC和腕骨,造成尺骨撞击综合征.     

尺骨短缩术治疗尺骨撞击综合征体会

目的 研究分析应用尺骨短缩术治疗尺骨撞击综合征的方法、疗效及特点.方法 应用尺骨短缩术治疗尺骨撞击综合征27例,并对临床效果进行分析.结果 经4～13个月的随访,优18例,良7例,可2例.结论 尺骨短缩术治疗尺骨撞击综合征符合尺骨撞击综合征的病理特性,疗效可靠,具有良好的临床应用价值.     

尺骨撞击综合征诊疗进展

尺骨撞击综合征是导致腕部尺侧疼痛的重要原因之一,其病因多为尺骨阳性变异,诊断依靠症状、查体、影像学检查及腕关节镜检查。X线检查可观察到尺骨阳性变异,月骨和三角骨硬化、囊变等;MRI检查可以早期发现骨髓及软骨改变如水肿、囊变,以及三角纤维软骨复合体损伤等,灵敏度及特异度较高;腕关节镜可以直接观察到腕关节月骨偏尺侧软骨软化或损伤,发现MRI等影像学检查难以发现的早期细微病变,是诊断尺骨撞击综合征的金标准,同时镜下可进行治疗性操作。尺骨撞击综合征通常保守治疗效果有限,以手术治疗为主,手术方法主要有尺骨短缩截骨术、Wafer术、腕关节镜下清理术、桡骨截骨矫形术等。该文就尺骨撞击综合征诊断及治疗进展进行综述。     

尺骨短缩截骨治疗特发性尺骨撞击综合征的疗效分析

目的 探讨尺骨短缩截骨术治疗特发性尺骨撞击综合征的临床疗效.方法 对2006年8月至2010年6月间收治的11例尺骨撞击综合征患者(均为单侧病变),采用尺骨横形短缩截骨术治疗.术后随访时间平均为32个月,通过比较其术前术后的尺骨变异值、活动度、握力、视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)以及改良的Mayo腕关节评分和DASH评分六项指标,对该术式临床效果进行评价.结果 11例截骨部位均获得骨性愈合.尺骨变异值由术前(2.9±1.3) mm改变为术后(-0.2±0.9) mm.术后腕关节活动度有一定改善,与健侧比较,屈伸活动范围术前(84.9±23.2)％,术后(90.3±13.3)％;旋转活动范围术前(92.2±11.1)％,术后(94.2±9.9)％;尺桡偏范围术前(71.9±11.8)％,术后(81.8±22.7)％.患手占健侧的握力术前(79.7±20.0)％,术后(93.6±8.6)％.VAS疼痛分值术前(7.3±0.7),术后(2.9±1.4).改良的Mayo腕关节评分术前(59.0±19.0),术后(84.0±21.0),其中优5例,良4例,可2例.DASH得分术前(55.0±20.0),术后(25.0±19.0),其中以反映力量型功能和生活信心的项目改进尤为显著.结论 尺骨横形短缩截骨术能够有效改善特发性尺骨撞击综合征患者的腕关节功能,明显减轻疼痛,提高握力,改善生活质量,对腕关节活动范围改善程度有限.     

MSCT图像重建技术在尺骨撞击综合征中的应用

目的评价MSCT图像重建技术在尺骨撞击综合征诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经腕关节镜检查证实的18例尺骨撞击综合征患者MSCT图像重建技术及标准后前位X线平片检查的影像资料,对尺骨变异、月骨及三角骨异常变化进行统计学分析。结果⑴MSCT图像重建技术及标准后前位X线平片检查测量出的尺骨变异差异无统计学意义(t=0.3562,P>0.05);⑵MSCT图像重建显示18例尺骨阳性变异15例,占总例数83.3%,其中阳性变异超过2 mm者11例,占总阳性变异的73.3%;中性及阴性变异3例,占总例数16.7%;⑶MSCT重建技术显示月骨和/或三角骨异常变化14例,占总例数77.8%,其中单纯月骨异常变化8例,月骨及三角骨同时异常变化5例,单纯三角骨异常变化1例。标准后前位X线平片能显示月骨和/或三角骨异常变化10例,占总例数55.6%,其中单纯月骨异常变化6例、月骨及三角骨同时异常变化4例,无单纯三角骨异常变化;⑷MSCT图像重建技术测量尺骨阳性伴月骨及三角骨异常变化14例,占总例数77.8%,尺骨阳性变异不伴月骨及三角骨异常变化1例,占总例数5.6%。阳性变异大于2 mm伴月骨及三角骨异常变化11例,占总例数61.1%,月骨及三角骨异常变化例数的78.6%。无尺骨中性及阴性变异伴月骨及三角骨异常变化。结论MSCT图像重建技术及后前位X线平片测量尺骨变异无统计学差异;尺骨撞击综合征发展过程中尺骨阳性变异呈易感因素;尺骨阳性变异大于2 mm时易引起月骨、三角骨异常变化;MSCT图像重建技术可以很好地显示尺骨变异及月骨、三角骨骨质硬化情况。     

尺骨斜行短缩截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征

目的 探讨尺骨斜行短缩截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征的临床疗效与术中操作体会.方法 回顾性分析自2012-03-2018-05诊治的17例(23腕)尺骨撞击综合征,行尺骨斜行短缩截骨术,矫正尺骨正向变异,垂直截骨面予以拉力螺钉加压固定,辅以3.5 mm重建接骨板固定截骨端.术后采用疼痛VAS评分评价腕关节疼痛缓解情况,采用改...     

桡骨远端骨折治疗后腕部尺骨撞击综合征

目的探讨桡骨远端骨折后尺骨撞击综合征与遗留腕部功能受限的关系。方法对桡骨远端骨折后遗留腕尺侧疼痛、握力下降的患者进行仔细检查,结合Tamaino和Cerezal的诊断标准,确诊尺骨撞击综合征52例,并探讨腕关节功能评分(Sarmiento改良方法)与尺骨变异程度的关系。结果尺骨阳性变异38例(73.1%),其中变异超过10mm者31例(59.6%);优、良组的平均尺骨变异为(1.5±0.5)和(4.5±1.8)mm,可、差组的平均尺骨变异为(9.6±3.7)和(16.2±4.8)mm,腕部症状与尺骨变异程度关系密切(P<0.01)。MRI检查发现腕骨及三角纤维软骨复合体(TFCC)不同程度信号改变,腕骨坏死位于月骨尺侧部分的近端和三角骨腰部及底部。结论桡骨远端骨折后治疗不当可导致尺骨撞击综合征,遗留腕尺侧疼痛、握力下降,其病理过程是腕骨及TFCC损伤,而非单纯的软组织损伤。     

腕关节镜辅助尺骨短缩截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征21例临床分析

目的分析腕关节镜辅助尺骨短缩截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征的效果。方法选取2016-01—2018-01间郑州市骨科医院收治的21例尺骨撞击综合征患者,均采用腕关节镜辅助尺骨短缩截骨术。术后随访6～24个月,评价腕关节功能、疼痛缓解效果及截骨愈合情况。结果末次随访,截骨全部愈合良好,平均愈合时间10周。腕关节疼痛明显缓解,腕关节功能优11例、良8例、可2例。结论腕关节镜辅助尺骨短缩截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征,可有效改善腕关节疼痛及腕关节功能,促进截骨愈合。     

腕关节镜技术结合尺骨斜形截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征

目的 观察腕关节镜技术结合尺骨斜形截骨术治疗尺骨撞击综合征的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2018年1月至2019年12月采用腕关节镜技术结合尺骨斜形截骨术治疗的尺骨撞击综合征患者24例,其中男9例,女15例;年龄21～74岁,平均(44.5±10.1)岁.先采用尺骨斜形截骨钢板内固定术,随后采用腕关节镜对三角纤维软骨复...     

非创伤性尺腕撞击综合征的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨无明确创伤病史且X线片表现不典型的尺腕撞击综合征的特点及诊断标准和治疗方法.方法 回顾性研究2003年10月至2010年10月明确诊断和治疗的55例尺腕撞击综合征患者中没有明确创伤病史且X线片表现不典型的25例,在Kostas诊断标准基础上,观察尺腕压力试验、动态尺骨正向变异、MRI检查的阳性率和腕关节镜检查,分析观察指标对诊断结果的影响和临床意义.治疗采取尺骨短缩手术,截骨方式中16例采用水平截骨(Darrow法),9例采用斜行截骨(Rayhack法),加压钢板螺钉内固定.采用Darrow标准作为疗效评价标准.结果 本组25例患者中尺腕压力试验阳性比率为84％,动态尺骨正向变异的发生比率为52％,MRI检查发现腕骨信号改变的比率为82％,以月骨尺侧部近端和三角骨腰部最为常见,腕关节镜检查三角纤维软骨复合体(TFCC)退变及尺骨头和月骨的软骨退变比率为100％.随访时间4～48个月,平均26个月.25例骨折均愈合,水平截骨的平均愈合时间为4.5个月,斜行截骨的平均愈合时间为2.5个月.优7例,良15例,中2例,差1例;总优良率为88％.术后未发生严重并发症,治疗结果满意.结论 非创伤性尺腕撞击综合征由于缺少明确的创伤病史,尤其当X线片表现不典型时同其他引起腕关节尺侧疼痛的病因较难鉴别,应用尺腕压力试验、动态尺骨正向变异检查和早期MRI检查可早期明确诊断,有效提高诊断率.腕关节镜检查可作为诊断困难和鉴别诊断的补充手段.应用尺骨短缩手术可明显改善症状,斜行截骨是值得推荐的截骨方式.     

尺骨短缩术治疗桡骨骨折后尺骨撞击综合征

目的 评价尺骨短缩术治疗尺骨撞击综合征的效果及其影响因素. 方法 2002年1月至2006年12月对28例诊断为腕部尺骨撞击综合征患者给予尺骨截骨短缩治疗,采用改良的Gartland and Werley腕关节功能评分系统判定治疗效果;分析尺骨短缩数量与手术效果的关系. 结果 本组术前尺骨阳性变异23例,中件变异3例,阴性变异2例;术后阳性变异3例,中性变异4例,阴性变异21例.尺骨变异术前平均(3.1±2.3)mm,术后平均(0.9±1.4)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=4.32,P<0.05).按改良的Gartland and Werley评分:术前平均为(62.6±4.3)分,可21例,差7例;术后评分改善到平均为(92.2±7.8)分,优22例,良3例,可2例,差1例,腕关节功能评分术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(t=10.45,P<0.05).3例切断尺桡远端韧带,4例部分切断尺桡远端韧带.6例术前存在远端尺腕部背侧半脱位,尺骨短缩术后明显改善. 结论 尺骨短缩术能显著改善桡骨远端骨折后继发尺骨撞击综合征的功能评分和临床症状;但尺骨短缩过多,远侧尺桡关节间压力增大,则影响手术效果.     

Outcome analysis of ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnar impaction syndrome

BACKGROUND:

Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common problem in the upper extremity. It affects a broad patient population and can be difficult to treat. Ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) is major cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain and a number of different operations have been used to correct it, including ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO).

OBJECTIVE:

To retrospectively review functional outcomes and complication rates of USO for UIS at the Hand and Upper Limb Centre (London, Ontario) over a two-year period.

METHODS:

Twenty-eight patients who underwent USO between 2007 and 2009 participated in the present study. Ulnar variance pre- and post-surgery was assessed using standard radiographic examination. Patient-rated outcomes were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) survey for functional outcomes. Objective grip strength and range of motion were compared with the contralateral extremity.

RESULTS:

On average, USO achieved a 3.11 mm reduction in ulnar variance. Nonunion occurred in five patients and required a secondary bone grafting procedure. All USO eventually healed. Overall, pain improved by 47.2% and the mean DASH score after surgery was 37.21. Flexion, extension and supination range of motion decreased by 10° compared with the unaffected side. Eleven patients (39%) elected to undergo a second surgery for hardware removal. Patients receiving compensation from the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board experienced significantly higher residual pain (VSA 5.24 versus 1.97) and disability levels (DASH 60.23 versus 25.70). Smokers also experienced worse outcomes in terms of pain (VSA 4.43 versus 2.36) and disability (DASH 51.06 versus 29.67). In this cohort, smoking was not associated with a higher rate of nonunion.

CONCLUSION:

USO is effective in reducing pain in UIS and improves disability, at the price of a small decrease in range of motion. Smokers and people receiving compensation from the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board, however, have significantly worse subjective outcomes (VAS and DASH), but similar objective outcomes (range of motion).     

The ulnar impaction syndrome

The ulnar impaction syndrome can be defined as the impaction of the ulnar head against the triangular fibrocartilage complex and ulnar carpus resulting in progressive degeneration of those structures. The differential diagnosis in patients who present with ulnar wrist pain and limitation of motion can also include ulnar impingement syndrome and arthrosis or incongruity of the distal radioulnar joint. Structural abnormalities involving the distal radioulnar joint, distal radius, and ulnar carpus must be carefully elucidated prior to developing a treatment plan. When such abnormalities are identified and appropriately addressed, surgical treatment can be expected to be effective in the majority of cases. It is important to remember that in the absence of obvious structural abnormalities, the ulnar impaction syndrome may result from daily activities that result in excessive intermittent loading of the ulnar carpus. In this group of patients, treatment is directed at decreasing ulnar load by shortening the distal ulna in any of several ways. If relative instability of the ulnar ligamentous complex is a factor, then ulnar shortening by recession is the treatment of choice. Malunion of the distal radius resulting in ulnar impaction syndrome is best treated by addressing the deformity; that is, corrective radial osteotomy. Patients who present with a combination of ulnar impaction syndrome along with distal radioulnar joint, abnormalities must have both of these abnormalities addressed at the time of surgery. The matched ulnar resection and the hemiresection interposition arthroplasty are both effective procedures; however, the Suave-Kapandji procedure also can be used to address relative ligamentous laxity at the ulnar aspect of the wrist. The Darrach procedure is presently not recommended as a first-line treatment in these cases; however, when used as a salvage procedure, satisfactory results can be obtained in properly selected patients. Careful preoperative evaluation and planning are therefore the key to successful treatment of the ulnar impaction syndrome.     

Arthroscopic treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome

Ulnar impaction syndrome occurs in the setting of a central traumatic or degenerative defect in the triangular fibrocartilage complex in patients with ulnar positive variance. Chondral and subchondral edema, mechanical impingement of the articular disc, and chondromalacia of the distal ulna, proximal lunate, and proximal triquetrum produce symptoms with activity that do not improve with rest. Decreasing ulnocarpal load-sharing across the wrist with recession of the distal ulna is necessary to relieve symptoms in the majority of patients. Arthroscopic treatment with triangular fibrocartilage complex debridement and arthroscopic ulnar wafer resection is an effective treatment for ulnar impaction syndrome. It affords a single-stage, minimally invasive approach, with similar efficacy and fewer complications than open wafer resection or ulnar shortening osteotomy.     

脂肪栓塞综合征早期诊断与治疗

目的 探讨脂肪栓塞综合征(FES)的早期诊断与治疗.方法 2003年2月至2008年5月共收治39例FES患者,均通过观察临床症状、连续监测动脉血氧分压和血红蛋白而获得早期诊断.FES发生在手术前27例、手术中1例、手术后11例.给予高浓度吸氧,地塞米松、甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠、低分子右旋糖酐、丹参、抑肽酶及高压氧舱等治疗.结果 39例FES患者中38例成功救治,成功率97.4%.1例双侧股骨开放性骨折伴多发性骨折的肥胖患者,在急诊行清创、切开复位加髓内钉内固定时发生暴发型FES而呼吸衰竭死亡.结论 早期诊断、早期综合治疗是提高FES救治成功率的关键.