3.0T磁共振扩散加权成像及表观扩散系数在老年前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振(MR)扩散加权成像及表观扩散系数对老年前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法选取2012年2月至2013年2月在该院行前列腺T2WI和扩散加权成像扫描并经病理检查确诊为前列腺癌的老年患者96例,以及同期经穿刺证实的35例良性前列腺增生老年患者。在术前均行3.0T MR扩散加权成像检查,b值选取0、100、800 s/mm2。取患者的病灶、良性前列腺增生结节、正常前列腺周围带,对比表观扩散系数。结果前列腺癌灶、良性前列腺增生结节、正常周围带(PZ)的表观扩散系数之间差异显著(P0.01);工作特征曲线(ROC)显示,表观扩散系数为1.23×10-3mm2/s时,曲线下面积(AUC)=0.998,诊断敏感度和特异性均为99.3%;扩散加权成像(b=800 s/mm2)时,AUC=0.924,前列腺癌检出率为80.15%。表观扩散系数值在诊断前列腺癌的效能方面明显优于扩散加权成像(b=800 s/mm2)(P0.01)。结论扩散加权成像及表观扩散系数对老年前列腺良恶性组织鉴别诊断方面有较大价值,且表观扩散系数值更为敏感。     

盆腔磁共振T2加权像在老年前列腺癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨盆腔磁共振T2加权像前列腺外周带影像特征在老年前列腺癌诊断中的临床应用。方法选择180例前列腺疾病患者,进行前列腺穿刺活检及盆腔磁共振T2加权成像,分析磁共振成像(MRI)检查的影像学特征和前列腺癌临床诊断的单因素回归分析以及多因素Logistic分析。制作盆腔磁共振T2W1对前列腺癌进行诊断的工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线,并分析曲线下面积。结果 180例患者中,经前列腺穿刺后活检显示为前列腺癌者69例,Gleason评分值≤7分者58例,其中≤6分者35例;剩余111例是前列腺良性的病变。在T2W1的外周带呈现低信号116例,通过单因素的Logistic回归性分析表明,年龄及前列腺特异型抗原(PSA)和前列腺癌发生紧密相关(P0.05);且T2W1的外周带呈现低信号更利于从影像学角度诊断出前列腺癌;患者病灶数目和形态及前列腺包膜轮廓以及外周带和增生腺体的界限均和前列腺癌诊断具有显著相关(P0.05)。前列腺癌发生率相对较高的因素有:病灶数目单发、形态是结节状、外周带和增生腺体的界限部分消失。经过Logistic回归分析可知对前列腺癌有影响的危险因素主要含年龄和PSA及前列腺体积和病灶形态以及前列腺的包膜轮廓。由曲线可知,ROC曲线下面积是0.835,实施面积是0.5的假设检验,所得差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论盆腔磁共振T2加权像对于老年前列腺癌患者具有较高的诊断价值。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在老年前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在老年前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法选择在浙江省景宁县人民医院和台州市立医院经穿刺活检或手术证实前列腺癌患者22例作为前列腺癌组,同期经手术证实前列腺增生患者22例作为前列腺增生组(对照组)。所有患者在手术前均进行DWI扫描,观察前列腺癌组和对照组的一般资料、前列腺癌组和对照组的DWI和ADC图像,比较前列腺癌组未受侵犯前列腺组织和对照组前列腺组织ADC值、前列腺癌组外周带癌ADC值和对照组前列腺组织ADC值。结果前列腺癌组的年龄和对照组的年龄比较没有差异(P0.05),前列腺癌组的前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。前列腺癌组前列腺癌的DWI表现为高信号,ADC图像呈现为低信号;DWI组肌纤维增生的DWI和ADC图像均表现为不均质的稍低信号,腺体增生的DWI和ADC图像均表现为不均质的高信号。前列腺癌组未受癌组织侵犯的外周带ADC值、腺体增生ADC值、间质增生ADC值和DWI组比较没有差异(P0.05)。前列腺癌组外周带癌ADC值明显低于DWI组(P0.05),前列腺癌组外周带癌ADC值明显低于对照组中央带腺体增生ADC值(P0.05),前列腺癌组外周带癌ADC值明显低于DWI组中央带肌纤维增生ADC值(P0.05)。结论前列腺癌组未受侵犯前列腺组织的ADC值和对照组前列腺组织的ADC值之间没有差异,前列腺癌组外周带癌ADC值明显低于对照组前列腺组织的ADC值,DWI在老年前列腺癌诊断中具有重要意义。     

经直肠超声前列腺癌声像特征及前列腺内腺PSA密度在前列腺癌诊断中的作用

目的通过经直肠超声分析前列腺癌声像特征并测量前列腺内腺、外腺与总体积，参考PSA探讨前列腺内腺PSA密度(IPSAD)在前列腺癌与前列腺增生鉴别诊断中的意义。方法回顾分析经直肠超声前列腺癌声像特征及经超声引导下6点活检病理诊断的49例前列腺癌、96例前列腺增生的临床资料。结果(1)前列腺癌声像特征以低回声为主，晚期可见被膜浸润及不规则。(2)前列腺内腺体积增生与癌有显著性差别。(3)PSA、PSA密度(PSAD)、IPSAD在增生与前列腺癌中的比较，均有显著性差异。(4)IPSAD在前列腺癌诊断的特异度为75．5％，敏感度为93．3％，优于PSAD。结论前列腺癌声像特征及IPSAD是鉴别前列腺癌与增生的重要指标。     

磁共振波谱成像对中央腺体前列腺癌与良性增生结节的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨磁共振波谱成像(MRS)检查中央腺体前列腺癌代谢特点,与良性增生结节的鉴别诊断价值. 方法 应用3.0T MR成像仪对38例前列腺疾病患者进行前列腺MRI成像,中央腺体前列腺癌11例,良性前列腺增生27例.在MRI常规成像基础上行MRS检查,分析良性前列腺增生(BPH)和前列腺癌的MRS表现,11例前列腺癌中3例局限于中央腺体,8例肿块较大同时累及外周带,测量中央腺体内前列腺癌及BPH的胆碱(Cho)+肌酐(Cr)/枸橼酸盐(Cit)比值,并对前列腺癌与BPH体素的代谢物比值进行比较. 结果 中央腺体内前列腺癌波谱主要表现为Cit峰明显下降1,Cho+Cr峰显著升高,(Cho+Cr)/Cit的均值为1.94±1.43;BPH主要表现为Cit峰高耸,Cho+Cr峰低,(Cho+Cr)/Cit的均值为0.83±0.28(P＜0.01). 结论 联合应用MRI和MRS,有利于中央腺体内前列腺癌和BPH的鉴别,可提高前列腺癌诊断的准确性.     

血清fPSA对老年前列腺癌诊断的应用价值

目的　探讨血清游离前列腺特异抗原 (f PSA)及游离 PSA/总前列腺特异抗原 (t PSA)比值对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法　用酶联免疫方法检测 1 30例前列腺癌 (PCa)、76例前列腺增生 (BPH)以及 42例正常对照组的血清 f PSA、t PSA,并计算 f PSA/ t PSA比值 ,评价其对前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果　以 f PSA/ t PSA比值为 0 .1 5为评判上限时 ,前列腺癌组明显低于前列腺增生组及正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,认为 f PSA及 f PSA/t PSA比值可有效区分 PCa和 BPH(P<0 .0 0 5) ,其诊断敏感性为 91 .6% ,特异性为 88.1 % ,准确性为 87.8% ;尤其是当 PSA值界定在 4～ 1 0μg/ L灰区范围内效果更明显优于常规的 t PSA和 f PSA单独测定结果。结论　 f PSA和 f PSA/ t PSA比值的应用 ,使血清 PSA测定更具临床意义 ,提高了前列腺癌的早期诊断     

3.0T磁共振多参数成像对老年前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振(MRI)多参数成像在老年前列腺癌诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理和穿刺活检证实的30例早期前列腺癌患者的常规序列、DWI及动态增强扫描表现。结果 30例早期前列腺癌患者中,病变均位于包膜内。T2WI抑脂像15例表现为T2WI外周带内异常低信号区,8例表现为中央带稍高信号,DWI序列10例呈高信号,7例呈等信号。多期动态增强扫描21例病灶于动脉期明显强化,平衡期为低信号,6例呈持续渐进性强化,3例动脉期强化不明显。结论 3.0T MRI的常规T2WI序列、DWI及动态增强扫描老年前列腺癌诊断中具有特征性表现,联合应用具有明确的诊断价值。     

CT检查在前列腺增生和前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值分析

目的分析CT检查在前列腺增生和前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法共选择2013年1月~2016年3月我院就诊的30例前列腺疾病患者,均行CT检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果 30例中有17例为前列腺增生,13例为前列腺癌,前列腺癌患者在前列腺密度减低、前列腺边缘毛糙、前列腺边缘隆起、前列腺毗邻组织侵犯、转移等方面均明显高于前列腺增生患者(P0.05),提示二者的CT检查征象有明显差异。结论 CT检查在前列腺增生和前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要的价值,值得重视。     

血清tPSA、fPSA及fPSA/tPSA比值联合检测在前列腺疾病诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨tPSA、fPSA及tPSA/fPSA比值联合检测在前列腺疾病诊断中的临床价值。方法电化学发光免疫分析法检测76例前列腺癌、105例前列腺增生患者及32名正常对照组的血清tPSA、fPSA水平并计算f/t的比值。结果前列腺癌(PC)组和前列腺增生(BPH)组患者血清tPSA、fPSA的水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而前列腺癌组f/t比值明显低于前列腺增生组和正常对照组(P<0.05),当tPSA水平在4-10ng/ml灰区范围时,前列腺增生组f/t比值明显高于前列腺癌组。结论联合检测tPSA、fPSA及tPSA/fPSA对提高前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

老年前列腺癌患者血清尿酸水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨血清尿酸水平在老年前列腺癌患者与前列腺增生患者之间是否存在差异。方法:本研究回顾性分析2010年2月至2019年6月在商丘市第一人民医院诊断为前列腺癌的患者300例,同期诊断为前列腺增生患者240例,前列腺大小正常的老年男性400例作为对照组,检测3组患者血清尿酸水平、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、C反应蛋...     

磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和表观弥散系数(ADC)值在前列腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 46例经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的前列腺疾病患者行DWI检查,其中前列腺增生(BPH)21例,慢性前列腺炎9例,前列腺癌16例,扩散敏感分数值800 s/mm2.依病理结果,将前列腺外周带六分区归类为正常区、增生区,炎症区、癌区,测量每个分区的ADC值,癌与非癌组之间进行受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析.结果 各组ADC值分别为,BPH外周带(2.20±0.29)×10-3mm2/s,中央带(1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,炎症区(1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s,癌区(1.24±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s,组间ADC值两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);ROC曲线上临界点取1.49×10-3 mm2/s,诊断的敏感性达86.8%,特异性为94.0%,ROC曲线下面积0.945±0.010.结论 前列腺DWI及ADC值可用于前列腺肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断,具有很高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences were performed in 46 patients, including 21 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9 cases of chronic prostatitis and 16 cases of prostate cancer. DWI were obtained with a b-factor of 800 s/mm2. According to the pathological results obtained by ultrasound guided biopsy, the peripheral zone of prostate was divided into six parts by orientations and they were divided into noncancerous, hyperplasia, prostatitis and cancerous groups. The ADC value of each region was measured and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in all cases.The mean ADC values of prostatic peripheral zone, prostatic central gland, inflammatory area and cancerous area were (2.20±0. 29)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s and ( 1.24 ± 0.32) × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in ADC values between the inter-groups (P＜0. 01 ). With ROC cut point setting to 1.49 ×10-3 mm2/s, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were 86. 8% and 94. 0%, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0. 945±0. 010. Conclusions ADC value might be useful to evaluate prostate cancer. DWI has an important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cancer.     

Zone-dependent expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human benign prostatic hyperplasia

Estrogen, which acts through estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant human prostatic tumors, i.e. benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, thought to originate from different zones of the prostate [the transition zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ), respectively]. Here, we examined the cellular distribution of ERalpha and ERbeta in human normal and hyperplastic prostate tissues, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. ERalpha expression was restricted to stromal cells of PZ. In contrast, ERbeta was expressed in the stromal cells of PZ as well as TZ. ERbeta-positive epithelial cells were evenly distributed in PZ and TZ of the prostate. Our results suggest that estrogen may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia through ERbeta.     

High Rates of Prostate-specific Antigen Testing in Men with Evidence of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common among men who may be candidates for prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Patterns of PSA testing among men with evidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia have not been studied.Methods: We examined the prevalence and correlates of a self-reported history of PSA testing. In 1994, 33,028 US health professionals without prostate cancer aged 47 to 85 years provided information on prior PSA testing, lower urinary tract symptoms characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia, history of prostatectomy, and prostate cancer risk factors. In 1995, a subset of 7,070 men provided additional information on diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Results: From 39% of men in their 50s to 53% of men in their 80s reported PSA testing in the prior year (P <0.0001 for trend with age). Men were more likely to report PSA testing if they had lower urinary tract symptoms characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia (age-adjusted odds ratio for severe symptoms 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.6), a prior history of prostatectomy (age-adjusted odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.2), or a physician diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 2.2; adjusted for age, signs or symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer risk factors).Conclusions: These US health professionals reported preferential use of PSA testing among men least likely to benefit from early cancer detection (older men) and among men most likely to have a false-positive PSA result (men with benign prostatic hyperplasia). Physician and patient education are needed to promote more rational and selective use of this screening test.     

正常和良性增生前列腺的高场强磁共振成像特征

目的总结正常前列腺的磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）特征和随增龄的变化，探讨老年人良性前列腺增生的ＭＲＩ特征及其与临床的对应关系。方法结合３例尸体前列腺ＭＲＩ进行病理对照，分析２３例正常、５０例老年人良性增生前列腺的高场强ＭＲ成像。结果４０岁组至６０岁组的正常前列腺整体各径线以及内部各带径线均值差异无显著性，而Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度增生各组间各径线均值差异有显著性。前列腺每增大１度，其各径线均值增加５～８ｍｍ。结论正常前列腺，从４０岁组至６０岁组不随年龄增长而增大，临床分度与增生前列腺的大小相关，前列腺周围静脉丛与前列腺大小及年龄无关。并提供以下分度参考值：正常前列腺最大横径≤４５ｍｍ，而≥５５ｍｍ为Ⅲ度增生，横径在４６～５４ｍｍ之间为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度增生。     

A1蛋白与前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌与前列腺增生疾病中联合检测的意义

目的选取50~70岁之间的前列腺增生、前列腺癌患者和健康对照者,对其血液中A1蛋白的表达与PSA的表达水平进行比较分析,为前列腺增生和前列腺癌的临床鉴别诊断提供依据。方法采用电化学发光仪检测PSA浓度,采用反转录酶-聚合酶链锁反应(RT-PCR)技术和蛋白免疫印迹法(western-blot)检测20例前列腺癌患者、20例前列腺增生患者和20例正常者新鲜前列腺组织中A1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,探讨A1蛋白表达与前列腺增生和前列腺癌中PSA表达水平的关系。结果 RT-PCR与westem-blot检测结果一致,A1蛋白在前列腺增生组织和前列腺癌组织中均有阳性表达,前列腺癌组织中A1蛋白阳性表达明显高于前列腺增生组织,有显著性差异(P0.01)。A1蛋白表达的阳性率与PSA的浓度相关。结论 A1蛋白阳性表达程度与前列腺病变程度相关,A1蛋白在细胞凋亡调节中起着重要的作用,其过度表达在前列腺癌的发生、发展中扮演着重要的角色。联合检测A1和PSA的表达变化对判断前列腺癌的生物学行为有参考价值。     

肝局灶性结节增生的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析16例肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI平扫及动态增强表现。结果平扫15例T1W1呈稍低信号,1例呈低信号;T2WI16例均呈稍高信号,14例可见中心斑痕;动态增强16例动脉期均明显均匀强化,静脉期及延迟期呈等及稍高信号,中心斑痕延迟强化。结论MRI平扫及动态增强对其诊断具有一定临床意义。     

荧光定量PCR测定血清前列腺特异性膜抗原在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的用荧光定量PCR方法测定血清前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）的表达强度。评价其在前列腺癌诊断中的敏感性和特异性。方法分别提取前列腺癌患者和良性前列腺增生患者的血清标本,通过RT—PCR方法扩增目标基因组,同时用荧光标记物与目标基因组中特定部位结合,循环特定次数后用荧光定量PCR仪测定荧光标记物的浓度,从而了解PSMA在两组患者中的表达。通过和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）比较来了解PSMA在前列腺癌诊断中的价值。结果前列腺癌患者血清中的PSMA表达高于良性前列腺增生患者的表达。结论PSMA是较PSA敏感性和特异性更高的检测前列腺癌的指标,为临床早期筛选前列腺癌提供更强的依据。     

血清tPSA、fPSA/tPSA及PSAD在前列腺良恶性疾病鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清总前列腺特异抗原（tPSA）、游离PSA（fPSA）与tPSA的比值（F／T）、前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）在前列腺增生（BPH）和前列腺癌（PCa）鉴别诊断中的价值。方法检测65例BPH患者及38例PCa患者的血清tPSA、fPSA,经腹部B超测定前列腺的前后径、左右径、上下径,并计算出F／T、前列腺体积（PV）及PSAD,进行比较。结果在灰区外高值区,tPSA、PSAD在两组间差异有显著性（P均〈0．01）,F／T差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;在灰区,两组间tPSA差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,而F／T、PSAD差异有显著性（P均〈0．01）;在灰区外低值区,tPSA、F／T及PSAD在两组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论以F／T及PSAD作为tPSA的辅助指标,对PSA灰区PCa的诊断具有明显临床意义。     

A system for studying epithelial-stromal interactions reveals distinct inductive abilities of stromal cells from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

The development of normal and abnormal glandular structures in the prostate is controlled at the endocrine and paracrine levels by reciprocal interactions between epithelium and stroma. To study these processes, it is useful to have an efficient method of tissue acquisition for reproducible isolation of cells from defined histologies. Here we assessed the utility of a standardized system for acquisition and growth of prostatic cells from different regions of the prostate with different pathologies, and we compared the abilities of stromal cells from normal peripheral zone, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-S), and cancer to induce the growth of a human prostatic epithelial cell line (BPH-1) in vivo. Using the tissue recombination method, we showed that grafting stromal cells (from any histology) alone or BPH-1 epithelial cells alone produced no visible grafts. Recombining stromal cells from normal peripheral zone with BPH-1 cells also produced no visible grafts (n = 15). Recombining BPH-S with BPH-1 cells generated small, well-organized, and sharply demarcated grafts approximately 3-4 mm in diameter (n = 9), demonstrating a moderate inductive ability of BPH-S. Recombining stromal cells from cancer with BPH-1 cells generated highly disorganized grafts that completely surrounded the host kidney and invaded into adjacent renal tissue, demonstrating induction of an aggressive phenotype. We conclude that acquisition of tissue from toluidine blue dye-stained specimens is an efficient method to generate high-quality epithelial and/or stromal cultures. Stromal cells derived by this method from areas of BPH and cancer induce epithelial cell growth in vivo, which mimics the natural history of these diseases.