对乙酰氨基酚对大鼠原代肝细胞及BRL-3A细胞的毒性作用比较

目的 建立大鼠原代肝细胞提取鉴定体系,比较对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)对大鼠原代肝细胞和永生化细胞BRL-3A的毒性作用。方法 采用胶原酶原位两步灌流法提取大鼠原代肝细胞,通过过碘酸雪夫染色(PAS)和肝细胞双核结构进行鉴定;CCK 8法测定APAP对大鼠原代肝细胞及BRL-3A细胞毒性作用的IC₅₀;光学显微镜透射电镜观察APAP对2种细胞的损伤情况;全自动生化分析仪测定细胞上清AST、ALT、LDH、ALP、ALB、BUN、TP、GLU 8项生化指标的变化。结果 PAS糖原染色鉴定获取的大鼠原代肝细胞,双核结构,细胞存活率浮动在80%~95%;最佳接种密度为60000/cm²,在第3~5天为对数生长期;APAP作用于大鼠原代肝细胞24 h的IC₅₀为18.03 mmol/L,95%置信区间为(17.28~18.81)mmol/L,作用于BRL-3A的IC₅₀为20.05 mmol/L,95%置信区间为(18.99~21.17)mmol/L;透射电镜结果显示,在30 mmol/L APAP作用下,2种细胞细胞器肿胀,核膜破裂,细胞膜边界模糊不清;与对照组比较,大鼠原代肝细胞分泌的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、葡萄糖(GLU)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)随着APAP浓度增加产生显著变化,而BRL-3A细胞几乎所有的酶学指标变化均差异不显著。结论 与永生化细胞BRL-3A比较,大鼠原代肝细胞更能体现药物的肝脏毒性作用,但其体外培养存活时间较短;BRL-3A细胞缺少肝脏重要酶类,增加细胞内肝脏酶类是提升其作为肝脏毒性筛选模型的更好手段之一。     

氟他胺和2—羟基氟他胺对大鼠原代培养肝细胞毒性及CYP1A2mRNA的影响

目的:比较氟他胺及其活性代谢产物2-羟基氟他胺对原代培养大鼠肝细胞毒性及对CYP1A2 mRNA的影响.方法:分离大鼠肝细胞,原代培养4h,台酚蓝拒染法检测肝细胞活力.氟他胺和2-羟基氟他胺在培养液中浓度分别为10、20和50mg/L.肝细胞毒性检测包括台酚蓝拒染法,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量,谷丙转氨酶(AST)和谷草转氨酶(ALT)释放百分比,谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量.同时采用Northern blot方法进一步研究两药对CYP1A2 mRNA的影响.结果:药物作用8h后,氟他胺三个剂量组和2-羟基氟他胺50mg/L组出现肝细胞损伤,表现为ALT和AST释放百分比增加,GSH含量下降.氟他胺三个剂量组使CYP1A2 mRNA水平分别升高2,5和7.5倍,而2-羟基氟他胺仅在50mg/L时使CYP1A2mRNA水平升高3.5倍.结论:氟他胺对原代培养大鼠肝细胞的毒性大于其活性代谢物2-羟基氟他胺,且明显增加CYP1A2 mRNA水平.     

牛磺酸对原代培养大鼠肝细胞的毒性作用研究

目的利用原代培养正常大鼠肝细胞研究牛磺酸对肝细胞的毒性作用。方法用两步灌注法分离原代大鼠肝细胞;观察牛磺酸对原代大鼠肝细胞的毒性作用：MTT法测直接加牛磺酸的培养液和含牛磺酸大鼠血清的培养液对细胞生长抑制率的影响,计算IC50,并测定药物作用后培养液上清中AST、ALT和LDH活性及培养液中GSH和细胞内GSH的含量。结果MTT实验中细胞生长抑制率与剂量成正相关性,牛磺酸的IC50为24.23g/L。高浓度牛磺酸组培养液上清AST、ALT和LDH活性显著升高,培养液上清和细胞内GSH含量显著减少。结论高浓度的牛磺酸对体外培养的肝细胞有一定损伤。     

牛磺酸对原代培养大鼠肝细胞的毒性作用

目的用原代培养正常大鼠肝细胞研究牛磺酸(β氨基酸)对肝细胞的毒性作用。方法用2步灌注法分离原代大鼠肝细胞;用MTT法测定细胞活力并计算IC50,观察药物作用后,培养液上清中AST、ALT和LDH活性及培养液中GSH和细胞内GSH的含量。结果细胞生长抑制率与剂量成正相关性,牛磺酸的IC50为24.23g.L-1。高浓度牛磺酸组培养液上清中AST、ALT和LDH活性显著升高,GSH含量显著减少。结论高浓度的牛磺酸对体外培养的肝细胞有一定损伤。     

何首乌乙醇提取液对LPS诱导大鼠肝脏CYP450酶的影响

目的 基于脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠肝脏损伤建立何首乌肝毒性模型,探究何首乌乙醇提取液(AEP)对大鼠细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶主要亚型活性及蛋白表达的影响。方法 雄性SD大鼠100只,随机分为6组:对照组、LPS组、对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)组、(LPS+APAP)组、AEP组和(LPS+AEP)组。尾iv 4 mg/kg LPS,2 h后,按组别分别ig 625 mg/kg APAP和6 g/kg AEP,每天1次,连续给药7 d,每天观察大鼠体质量变化。在建模过程中,取第2、14小时和5、8天4个不同时间点,分别对各组别动物麻醉后取血,检测肝功能生化指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性;解剖,记录肝脏质量;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色进行组织病理学检查;试剂盒法测定肝细胞中细胞色素CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP3A1活性的变化;提取肝脏蛋白,应用Western blotting法检测CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP3A1蛋白表达情况。结果 与对照组比较,第2和14小时,LPS组、(LPS+APAP)组和(LPS+AEP)组ALT、AST和ALP活性显著升高;组织病理学检查发现,肝细胞灶状坏死,伴炎细胞浸润;给药后第8天,LPS组组织病理学检查正常,但(LPS+AEP)组可见显著肝细胞变性,局部慢性炎性灶。第8天,AEP组大鼠肝脏CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP3A1的活性明显降低;Western blotting法检测发现,AEP能显著降低大鼠肝脏CYP1A2蛋白的表达,而对CYP2E1和CYP3A1蛋白表达没有显著影响。结论 经LPS诱导,AEP对SD大鼠产生明显的肝脏毒性,毒性的发生及LPS诱发的免疫作用与抑制CYP1A2、CYP2E1、CYP3A1的活性和抑制CYP1A2蛋白表达有关。     

原代肝细胞和传代细胞对微囊藻毒素-LR的敏感性

目的比较微囊藻毒素-LR对原代肝细胞和多种传代细胞株的毒性,探讨建立经济、简便的研究该毒素细胞模型的可能性。方法采用胶原蛋白酶2步灌流法制备大鼠原代肝细胞,以及用不同宿主来源的8种细胞株与不同浓度的微囊藻毒素-LR作用,MTT法测定细胞毒性终点及乳酸脱氢酶试验测定细胞膜受损与否。结果原代肝细胞培养至24h时,毒素浓度在5.0ng/mL即对细胞开始产生毒性并呈剂量-反应关系。48h时,细胞毒性更加剧烈,反应曲线呈典型S形,EC50为5.2ng/mL。当藻毒素为1.3ng/mL时,24h后,原代肝细胞LDH逸出开始随剂量增加而不断上升,20.0ng/mL乳酸脱氢酶逸出达到90%以上,细胞膜严重受损。受试8种传代细胞株无论从剂量、反应时间上都不如原代肝细胞敏感,其中相对敏感的KB细胞在培养96h,毒素浓度大于18.8μg/mL时,开始呈现明显剂量-反应关系,与原代肝细胞相差3个数量级。结论原代肝细胞是研究微囊藻毒素-LR急性毒性的理想模型,而KB细胞在较高剂量下可能是研究该毒素的传代细胞模型,其他传代细胞不适宜作为该毒素研究的模型。     

喹诺酮类新药KNT和盐酸莫西沙星肝毒性的比较研究

目的 采用大鼠原代肝细胞模型评价盐酸莫西沙星(Mox)和喹诺酮类新药KNT的体外肝毒性.方法 胶原酶二步灌流法分离制备SD大鼠肝细胞,进行原代培养.Mox和KNT分别设1.6、0.8、0.4、0.2、0.1 mg·mL-1剂量组,同时设溶剂对照组,处理24 h后,检测对比肝细胞活力IC50、AST、胞内LDH泄漏情况、GSH含量变化及两药物不同浓度处理后受损的肝细胞线粒体在电子显微镜下状态的对比.结果 KNT的细胞生长抑制率IC50=0.773 mg· mL-1,显著低于Mox(IC50=1.144 mg·mL-1).Mox在0.8 mg·mL-1剂量处理24 h后,对大鼠原代肝细胞生长抑制率约69％,培养液上清AST和LDH水平显著升高,肝细胞GSH含量显著降低,电镜观察到肝细胞内绝大部分线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂消失;而Mox在0.4 mg·mL-1剂量下,细胞生长抑制率约8％,AST、LDH和GSH含量无明显改变.经0.8 mg· mL-1 KNT处理24 h后,对细胞生长抑制率约9％,培养液上清AST、LDH水平显著低于0.8 mg· mL-1 Mox的,与空白对照比有上升趋势,GSH水平也显著上升,电镜观察到肝细胞核轻微固缩,部分线粒体肿胀.在0.4 mg· mL-1 KNT剂量下,细胞生长抑制率约1％,AST、LDH和GSH含量无明显改变.结论 同剂量下,KNT处理大鼠原代肝细胞24 h后,表现出比Mox肝细胞毒性弱.     

丹参滴注液对QSG-7701细胞的毒性研究

目的研究丹参滴注液对人肝细胞的毒性,为药品的安全性评价提供参考依据。方法对人肝细胞QSG-7701加样培养,收集24,36和48h细胞上清液,分别检测ALT、AST和LDH的含量,将所得的各种酶活力的单位与《中国药典》规定的酶活力范围比较,若在范围之内则为无毒性或毒性较小;若超过范围,则表示毒性较大。结果细胞株的ALT、AST、LDH实验数据均在《中国药典》规定的安全范围内。结论在临床用量50倍内,丹参滴注液的肝毒性较小。     

抑制CYP2E1增强何首乌水提物肝毒性作用及其毒性成分筛选研究

目的 研究肝细胞色素氧化酶P450(CYP450)亚型CYP2E1与何首乌肝毒性的关系并筛选有关毒性成分.方法 MTT法检测CYP2E1特异性抑制剂二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)作用后何首乌水提物(PMR)对人肝细胞L02的毒性作用,及PMR和6种成分2,3,5,4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2,...     

高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型的建立及其在药物肝毒性评价中的应用

目的 建立一种灵敏、快速的高细胞色素P450(CYPs)酶活性的大鼠原代肝细胞模型,用于评价经CYPs酶代谢后产生肝毒性的药物。方法 分别采用苯巴比妥和β-萘黄酮两种CYPs酶广谱诱导剂构建大鼠原代肝细胞模型;应用“cocktail”探针底物法考察两种诱导剂对CYPs酶的影响;以基于CYPs酶代谢导致肝毒性的药物他克林(TAC)、双氯芬酸钠(DIC)和对乙酰氨基酚(PAR)为模型药物,评价所构建的高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型与普通大鼠原代肝细胞间灵敏性的差异;应用所构建的高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型评价维拉帕米(VER)的肝毒性。结果 与普通大鼠原代肝细胞相比,3种模型药物在高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞中,在较低剂量时可使细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、细胞中活性氧(ROS)水平升高,线粒体膜电位(MMP)水平下降,或相同剂量下得到更严重的损伤结果,CYPs酶抑制剂1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT)和metyrapone(MET)能抑制这3种损伤的发生;100 μmol/L维拉帕米在普通大鼠原代肝细胞中并未引起LDH、ROS和MMP的改变,但在高CYPs活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型中,会引起细胞损伤,ABT和MET能抑制这种损伤。结论 经诱导建立的两种高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型能更灵敏的评价基于CYPs酶代谢致毒药物的肝毒性;两种诱导剂诱导得到的高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型对经不同CYPs酶亚型代谢的药物评价结果有各自优势。应用高CYPs酶活性大鼠原代肝细胞模型证实维拉帕米的致毒机制是经CYPs酶代谢产生肝毒性。     

儿茶素和漆黄素对柠檬酸铁诱导大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的　分别从中药苞蔷薇根和叶中提取获得 (+ ) 儿茶素 (CAT )和漆黄素 (FIS)两种黄酮 ,研究其对柠檬酸铁致肝细胞铁超载的药理作用。方法　原代大鼠肝细胞加入 50μmol·L- 1柠檬酸铁诱导肝细胞铁超载。致损伤前加入CAT及FIS或损伤后 2 4h ,加入CAT及FIS ,继续培养 2 4h后 ,测定培养液中的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD )、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH )、谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)活性和白蛋白 (ALB)含量。培养 48h后 ,用MTT法测肝细胞的存活率。结果　在致损伤前加入CAT或FIS ,仅见CAT 5× 10 - 5mol·L- 1和FIS 5× 10 - 5 mol·L- 1对大鼠原代肝细胞的恢复作用与模型对照组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。在致损伤后加入CAT或FIS ,可见CAT 5× 10 - 5 、5× 10 - 6 、5× 10 - 7mol·L- 1组 ,FIS 5× 10 - 5 、5× 10 - 6 、5×10 - 7mol·L- 1组均可不同程度的提高培养液中的SOD活性 ,降低LDH水平 ,抑制ALT、AST的释放 ,提高ALB的含量 ,提高培养液中肝细胞的存活率 ,与模型对照组比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5)。FIS 5× 10 - 5 mol·L- 1组与正常对照组相比 ,对于提高SOD活性、ALB含量 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　CAT、FIS对柠檬酸铁所致大鼠原代肝细胞的损伤具有保护作用     

The effect of zearalenone on some enzymatic parameters in rabbits

The effects of low (10 microg/kg b.w.) and high (100 microg/kg b.w.) doses of mycotoxin-zearalenone on selected blood serum enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total lactatedehydrogenase (LD) of rabbits were studied. The toxin was administered orally for 14 days. In the experimental group E(1) (10 microg/kg b.w.), a significant increase in ALP activity was observed at 168 and 336 h during the experiment. In the 100 microg zearalenone sera (group E(2)), significant increases in activities of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and LD were observed at 168 and 336 h, indicating possible liver toxicity due to chronic effects of the toxin.     

ANIT诱发大鼠肝内胆汁淤积的肝肾功能动态变化研究

目的观察ANIT诱发大鼠胆汁淤积形成过程中模型肝、肾功能动态变化特点。方法一次性给予100mg/kg体重ANIT复制大鼠肝内胆汁淤积模型;于造模后24h、48h、72h、96h分4批杀鼠取材,观测大鼠一般状况,肝、肾功能。结果与赋形剂组比较,模型组大鼠的体重都有不同程度的降低;肝重,肝指数呈增高的动态变化;脾重,脾指数先增高后降低的动态变化;血清AlB含量在24、48、72h维持在较低水平,到造模96h又恢复至接近正常水平;GLO、TP、CHO含量造模后无明显变化;TBil、TBA含量,ALT、AST活性在造模24h和72时呈明显增高的动态变化（P〈0.01）,在造模48h和96h时接近正常水平;ALP、GGT在造模后有显著增高（P〈0.01）,96h时数值降低;LDH活性在造模后显著下降（P〈0.01）,96h时升高至正常水平;BUN含量在造模后24h时有所下降,随后逐渐增高接近正常水平;CRE含量在48h,72h时显著增高（P〈0.01）,96h时接近恢复正常。结论①ANIT所诱发的肝内胆汁淤积大鼠模型病变表现为急性肝内胆汁淤积,肝细胞损伤。②血清TBil、TBA含量,ALT、AST活性的特殊变化提示有2次致损可能。     

Combined effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and sodium selenate supplementation on absolute ethanol-induced injury in various organs of rats

In this study, the effect of combination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (alpha -tocopherol), and selenium (sodium selenate) on ethanol-induced liver and intestine injury in rats was investigated. The ethanol-induced injury was produced by the administration of 1 ml of absolute ethanol to each rats. Animals received vitamin C (250 mg/kg), vitamin E (250 mg/kg), and sodium selenate (Se) (0.5 mg/kg) for 3 days; 1 h after the final antioxidant administration, they were sacrificed. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels, catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GP(x)) activities were determined in liver and intestine tissues. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined in liver tissue. Also, CAT activity, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and total lipid levels were determined in serum samples. In the ethanol group, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and total lipid levels; liver and intestine LDH; liver MPO, AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT activities; and liver and intestine LPO levels increased, whereas serum CAT activity, liver and intestine GSH levels, and CAT, SOD, and GP(x) activities decreased. On the other hand, treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E, and Se reversed these effects. As a result of these findings, we can say that the combination of vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium has a protective effect on ethanol-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and intestine tissues, and in some serum parameters of rats.     

肝硬化 96例血清中微 RNA-454和 Wnt10a的表达及其临床意义

目的 探究肝硬化病人血清中微RNA(microRNA,miR)-454和无翅型小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒整合位点家族成员10a(Wnt10a)的表达及其临床意义。方法 以2018年2月至2020年12月入住武汉科技大学附属汉阳医院的96例肝硬化病人为肝硬化组,并根据Child-Pugh分级分为A级36例、B级31例、C级29例。另选60例健康体检者为对照组。抽取空腹外周血检测天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、白蛋白（ALB）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）等肝功能指标,qRT-PCR法检测血清中miR-454和Wnt10a表达水平,并分析miR-454、Wnt10a与Child-Pugh分级评分及AST、ALT、ALB等肝功能指标的关系;受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析miR-454、Wnt10a对严重肝硬化的诊断效能。结果 肝硬化组miR-454表达水平0.85±0.20）显著低于对照组1.46±0.29,Wnt10a表达水平1.67±0.31显著高于对照组0.94±0.23(P<0.05);肝硬化组GGT、CLO、AST、ALP、ALT、TBil水平明显高于对照组,而ALB水平低于对照组（P<0...     

血液标本存放时间对生化检验结果造成影响的分析

目的 探讨血液标本存放时间对生化检验结果的影响.方法 选取本院检验科2011年1月～2012年12月收检的100例患者,对100例患者进行静脉血采集,并分离血清,采集后的1、3、6、24h检测患者的血液标本,比较每个不同时间段检测的差异.结果 若以采血1h的测定结果为基准,血液标本放置24h后,有明显差异（P＜0.05）的项目有血糖（GLU）、尿素氮（BUN）、总胆红素（TBIL）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）;血液标本放置6h后有明显差异（P＜0.05）的项目有ALT、AST、ALP、GLU、BUN、TP、ALB;血液放置3h后有明显差异（P＜0.05）的项目是GLU.结论 标本的放置时间对生化检验结果有影响,所以要尽可能及时地检测血液标本,以减少误差.     

Inhibition of rat respiratory-tract cytochrome P-450 activity after acute low-level m-xylene inhalation: role in 1-nitronaphthalene toxicity

The xylenes are commonly used industrial solvents that have been shown to inhibit cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) activities in an organ- and isozyme-specific pattern. This study examined the dose-response and durational effects of m-xylene inhalation on cytochrome P-450 activities in the respiratory tract and liver as well as the effects of these CYP450 alterations on 1-nitronaphthalene (1-NN)-induced respiratory or hepatic toxicity. After m-xylene inhalation exposure there was a dose-related inhibition of all nasal mucosa CYPs examined. At 300 ppm, inhibition was sustained up to 2 days after exposure, but on day 5 all CYP activities were increased. There was also dose-related inhibition of lung CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1. The activities of these CYPs returned to those of control by day 2 but lung CYP 2B1 was increased 5 days following m-xylene exposure. Hepatic CYP 2E1 activity was increased immediately following m-xylene exposure (300 ppm). CYP 2B1 and CYP 1A2 activities were increased through day 2, all activities returning to control values 5 days postexposure. 1-NN treatment caused severe respiratory toxicity that was prevented by prior m-xylene exposure. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and protein were increased in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) but gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was unchanged. m-Xylene coexposure prevented or ameliorated the increases in LDH and protein but increased GGT. 1-NN-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) LDH and GGT were attenuated by m-xylene. 1-NN caused pronounced histopathological changes in both respiratory and olfactory regions of the nasal mucosa. Lesions in both regions were characterized by acute epithelial necrosis and exfoliation and suppurative exudate in the airways. These changes were prevented by m-xylene coexposure. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were not changed in animals exposed to 1-NN but were increased by m-xylene coexposure. Low-level m-xylene exposure organ-selectively altered CYP450 isozyme activities and subsequent 1-NN toxicity.     

In vitro assessment of trospectomycin and gentamicin sulphate in the LLC-PK1 cell line

Concurrent use of more than one antibiotic in clinical treatment of serious infections is common. Trospectomycin sulphate, a semi-synthetic aminocyclitol, may be used in combination with the aminoglycoside gentamicin sulphate. To investigate any potential interaction, trospectomycin and gentamicin toxicity were assessed in vitro using a two-factor response surface design study with each factor at four levels. Cultures of the LLC-PK₁ cell line (proximal renal epithelium) were treated with 0, 125, 250 or 500 μg/ml of the drugs, alone or in combination, and cytotoxicity was evaluated at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of continuous exposure. Cytotoxicity was assessed by morphological and biochemical criteria (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT; aspartate transaminase, AST; alanine transaminase, ALT; acid phosphatase, ACP). ALP, GGT, LDH and AST activity increased in the control cultures over the experimental period. Cytoplasmic vacuolation, increased number of detached cells and reduced dome formation occurred at 250 and 500 μg gentamicin/ml and in combination with these levels of trospectomycin at study days 10 and 14. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) interaction (decrease) for ALP and GGT at study day 14. In summary, the LLC-PK₁ culture system provides a useful in vitro screen to evaluate potential xenobiotic interactions to assess nephrotoxicity.     

口服何首乌制剂用药前后肝功能变化分析

目的 研究临床常规使用含何首乌汤剂及中成药患者用药前后肝功能指标变化,分析其临床应用的肝损伤风险.方法 收集35例临床使用含何首乌汤剂或中成药患者的一般资料,并对患者用药前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和间...