星形细胞瘤P^16的Rb蛋白表达,DNA含量及其预后

目的：探讨星形细胞瘤Ｐ＾１６和Ｒｂ表达的相关性、ＤＮＡ含量及其与预后的关系。方法：免疫组Ｓ－Ｐ法,用图像分析系统进行组化分析和瘤细胞ＤＮＡ含量测定。结果：Ｐ＾１６阳性率４３．８％,低级别显著高于高级别（Ｐ〈０．０１）;阳性组生存率曲线显著高于阴性组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｒｂ阳性率为７１．３％,低级别与高级别之间无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。ＮＤＡ含量（ＡＵ）与组织学分级有意义（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：Ｐ＾     

Bax在星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的　研究Bax基因在星形细胞瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤恶性程度的关系。方法　用免疫组化 (SABC)检测 31例星形细胞瘤Bax的蛋白表达。结果　 31例星形细胞瘤中 2 9例表达阳性 (93 5 % ) ,3例正常脑组织仅 1例有少量Bax阳性细胞 ,16例低级别 (Ⅰ～Ⅱ )星形细胞瘤中Bax表达强度高于 15例高级别 (Ⅲ～Ⅳ )星形细胞瘤 (P <0 .0 1) ,结论　Bax在星形细胞瘤中表达与星形细胞瘤分化有关 ,它可能参与了肿瘤细胞的凋亡。     

星形细胞瘤与脑转移瘤微循环状态的DSC-PWI研究

目的 探讨MR动态磁敏感灌注加权成像(DSC-PWI)在星形细胞瘤分级及与单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 对病理证实的18例星形细胞瘤、14例脑转移瘤患者行常规MRI及DSC-PWI检查.分别测量脑肿瘤实质及瘤周区的平均局部脑血容量(rCBV)值、局部脑血流量(rCBF)值、局部平均通过时间(rMTT)和局部达峰时间(rTTP).肿瘤不同区域之间、星形细胞瘤不同级别之间、星形细胞瘤与转移瘤之间的灌注参数差异采用单因素方差分析.对于肿瘤间有统计学差异的参数,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析其诊断效能.结果 高级别星形细胞瘤实质、近侧瘤周区和远侧瘤周区rCBV值具有显著性差异;瘤内实质rCBF值明显高于近瘤区.高级别星形细胞实质rCBV值和rCBF值均明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤,rTTP值明显低于低级别星形细胞瘤.以rCBV值1.45为阈值鉴别高、低级别星形细胞瘤,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.792.转移瘤实质的rTTP高于星形细胞瘤;高级别星形细胞瘤的近瘤区rTTP、远瘤区rCBF低于转移瘤;低级别星形细胞瘤实质rTTP低于转移瘤.结论 DSCPWI能够定量评估肿瘤实质和瘤周微循环状态.     

肿瘤周围的~1H-MRS在常见颅脑肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨肿瘤周围的多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)在脑星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤等颅内常见肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术、活检病理证实的颅脑肿瘤患者66例。其中低级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)19例,高级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)17例;脑转移瘤30例。采用美国GE公司3.0T MRI扫描仪对所有患者行颅脑常规MRI及1 H-MRS检查。检测、计算、分析肿瘤周围及健侧相应区域的生化代谢物及其比值,包括Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr及MI,同时进行加以比较对照。结果高级别星形细胞瘤的瘤周水肿区Cho/Cr比值明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤(P0.05);其Cho/NAA比值明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤及脑转移瘤(P0.05)。低级别星形细胞瘤瘤周NAA/Cr比值明显高于高级别星形细胞瘤(P0.05)。低级别星形细胞瘤与脑转移瘤比较各代谢物比值均无统计学意义。MI值各肿瘤间比较无统计学意义。结论肿瘤周围的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值对脑内低级别及高级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤等的诊断及鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Cyclin D1、Rb和P16基因在脑星形细胞瘤中表达的研究

 目的通过检测脑星形细胞瘤组织中Cyclin D1、Rb和P16基因蛋白表达,分析其表达变化与不同病理类型肿瘤的相关性.方法选用54例Ⅰ～Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤手术后存档蜡块标本为实验标本,应用流式细胞术(FCM)分别定量检测Ⅰ～Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤组织中Cyclin D1、Rb和P16基因蛋白表达量.结果Cyclin D1蛋白的表达量随肿瘤恶性度的升高而显著增加,与病理组织学分级呈明显相关性(P＜0.01);Rb蛋白和P16蛋白表达量(F1值)在低恶性组升高,高恶性组降低,两组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论Cyclin D1基因蛋白表达随星形细胞瘤恶性度升高而增强;Rb和P16在高恶性度星形细胞瘤均有不同程度的表达缺失,说明细胞周期调节因子的改变在肿瘤的演化中起重要作用.     

P16 INK4 a和Ki67在宫颈病变中的表达和意义

目的：研究P16INK4a和Ki67在宫颈病变中的表达和意义。方法采用免疫组化检测P16和Ki67在宫颈良性鳞状细胞改变、不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达。结果在良性鳞状细胞改变组与宫颈上皮内瘤变组之间P16INK4a着色方式（staining pattern）不同;P16INK4a阳性率在良性鳞状细胞改变组与宫颈上皮内瘤变组之间差异有显著统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;Ki67表达强度在低级别病变组与高级别病变组之间差异有显著统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 P16INK4a和Ki67可以作为有效的生物学标记,有助于对宫颈病变的分级和预后判断。     

高级别星形细胞瘤与脑单发转移瘤的1H MRS鉴别

目的 :探讨活体1 HMRS对高级别星形细胞瘤和单发转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 :搜集行1 HMRS检查的高级别星形细胞瘤 2 5例 (包括间变型星形细胞瘤 11例 ,胶质母细胞瘤 14例 ) ,单发转移瘤 10例。比较两组肿瘤强化区及肿瘤周围区之间Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr及Lac/Cr值。结果 :2 5例高级别星形细胞瘤与 10例单发转移瘤强化区的Cho/Cr分别为 5 .770 0± 1.82 12及 4.45 0 0± 2 .42 5 0 ,NAA/Cr分别为 0 .9476± 0 .5 0 2 6及 1.185 0± 0 .5 63 7,Lac/Cr分别为 2 .4684± 1.710 5及 3 .2 110± 2 .70 77,两组之间差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。而肿瘤瘤周区的Cho/Cr分别为 2 .3 3 0 0± 1.2 10 0及1.0 75 0± 0 .2 5 41,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;NAA/Cr及Lac/Cr之间差异无显著性意义。结论 :应用1 HMRS检测肿瘤周围区代谢水平的高低可作为鉴别高级别星形细胞瘤和单发转移瘤的补充手段     

高分辨率磁敏感加权像对颅内肿瘤微血管的研究

目的:探讨高分辨率磁敏感加权像(SWI)对颅内肿瘤微血管表现,评价SWI在肿瘤定性诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:48例经手术病理证实或临床随访证实颅内肿瘤。根据SWI肿瘤内磁敏感信号(ITSS)进行分级,对所得数据资料行χ~2检验,结果以χ~-±s表示,以P<0.05判定为有显著性差异。结果:高级别星形细胞瘤ITSS级别高于低级别星形细胞瘤(P<0.01),高级别星形细胞瘤ITSS级别高于淋巴瘤(P<0.01)。在显示颅内肿瘤微血管方面SWI明显优于MRI常规序列。结论:SWI有助于对颅内肿瘤内部结构显示,特别瘤内微血管,为临床诊治提供有价值的补充信息。     

星形细胞瘤MR波谱与细胞增殖活性的相关性研究

目的 探讨星形细胞瘤质子MR波谱（1H-MRS）表现与肿瘤增殖潜力的相关性。方法术前进行MRI和1H-MRS检查且经手术病理证实的34例星形细胞瘤患者，其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ级（低级别）26例，Ⅲ、Ⅳ级（高级别）8例。34例星形细胞瘤患者中有21例（低级别17例，高级别4例）为均质性肿瘤。增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组织化学染色，研究PCNA在高、低级别星形细胞瘤中的表达水平，并与星形细胞瘤1H-MRS的胆碱（Cho）／N-乙酰天冬氨酸（NAA）、Cho／肌酸和磷酸肌酸（Cr）相比较，明确两者间的关系。结果 21例均质性肿瘤中，高级别星形细胞瘤的Cho／NAA、Cho／Cr（中位数分别为4．895、4．845）比低级别（中位数分别为2．920、2．000）明显升高（Z：-2．597，P=0．009；Z=-2．687，P=0．007）；且Cho／NAA、Cho／Cr与PCNA的表达[吸光度（A）值中位数7．880]呈明显正相关（r=0．607，P=0．003；r=0．457，P=0．038）。但全部34例星形细胞瘤中高、低级别Cho／NAA（中位数分别为3．965、2．890）、Cho／Cr（分别为3．080、1．960）的差异无统计学意义；Cho／NAA、Cho／Cr的比值与PCNA的表达（A值中位数为8．100）不相关（r=0．060，P=0．738；r=0．125，P=0．480）。结论 运用1H-MRS检测均质性星形细胞瘤中Cho的含量对于术前活体预测星形细胞瘤的恶性程度很有价值，从而能间接判断星形细胞瘤的某些生物学行为及预后。     

脑内胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤与低级别星形细胞瘤的MRI比较研究

目的:探讨脑内胚胎发育不良神经上皮瘤(DNET)与幕上皮层下低级别星形细胞瘤的MRI影像表现对鉴别两种疾病的价值。方法:经病理证实的DNET 35例及低级别星形细胞瘤33例,分别对2组患者的年龄、性别及各种MRI表现(采用评分法)进行分析,采用两独立样本的Mann-Whitney U检验及Logistic回归分析,获得诊断DNET的回归方程。由一位高年资及一位低年资神经放射医师在数据分析前后分别对两组患者进行阅片,分析其诊断准确性及两次的变化。结果:DNET组平均年龄为(19.09±1.95)岁,明显低于低级别星型细胞瘤组的(32.58±2.32)岁,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01,Z=-4.09);两组患者性别差异无统计学意义(P=0.35,Z=-0.93);DNET组病变最大径为(3.57±0.25)cm,低级别胶质瘤组为(4.28±0.30)cm,两者间差异无统计学意义(P=0.07,t=-1.84);DNET组病变表现为多囊或脑回样结构、三角征、边界清晰、T2WI信号较高、瘤内分隔、无瘤周水肿或占位效应等征象的例数(分值分别为32、16、33、45、14和0)均高于低级别星形细胞瘤组(分值为12、3、20、65、1和10),差异均有显著性意义(Z=-4.71～-1.62,P均<0.05);而低级别星形细胞瘤出现明显强化者(18分)要多于DNET(3分),差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01,Z=-2.08)。Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄、形态、三角征、边界、T2WI信号、瘤周水肿或占位效应这6个变量进入回归方程(P值均<0.05)。了解这些数据后高年资及低年资医师的诊断符合率(分别为87.1%和82.9%)均高于了解前(分别为77.1%和65.7%),其中低年资医师的提高有统计学意义(P=0.01,Z=2.95)。结论:DNET与低级别星形细胞瘤的MRI影像鉴别诊断诸多因素中,当患者年龄较小(<24.5岁)、病变可观察到多囊或脑回样结构、可见三角征、边界清晰、T2WI呈高信号以及无瘤周水肿或占位效应时,诊断更倾向于DNET,综合分析这些因素将有助于提高DNET诊断的准确性。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.