小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子分析

目的：研究小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子。方法：PCR扩增小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子序列，构建荧光素酶报告基因表达体系，以PRL—TK为内参照质粒，瞬时转染COS-7细胞，48h后收集细胞测定荧光素酶相对表达活性。结果：在小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子区域，构建了三种荧光素酶报告基因表达体系pGL3—16(-16bp- 132bp)、pGL3—54(-54bp- 132bp)和pGL3—103(-103bp- 132bp)。pGL3—103表达载体的相对荧光素酶活性最高；pGL3—54的相对荧光素酶活性是pGL3—103表达载体的80％；而pGL3—16相对荧光素酶表达活性急剧下降，与阴性对照pGL3-basic的活性相近，无启动子活性。结论：-54bp--16bp区域内含有小鼠Lrp5基因转录所必需的基本启动子序列，其中三个SP1保守序列是小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子所必需的。     

HMGB2启动子报告基因载体的构建、活性验证及与其结合的转录因子的预测

目的: 构建高迁移率族蛋白B2(high mobility group box2,HMGB2)启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,并对其进行活性验证,预测可能与HMGB2启动子结合的转录因子。方法: 在NCBI Genbank数据库中查询HMGB2基因启动子区域序列,运用PCR扩增HMGB2启动子序列片段,将其克隆至pGL3-Basic载体中,构建重组质粒pGL3-HMGB2-promoter,并通过双酶切和测定核酸序列鉴定。采用虫荧光素酶报告实验验证pGL3-HMGB2-promoter重组质粒的活性,进一步通过在线软件PROMO预测可以与HMGB2启动子序列结合的转录因子。结果： 经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定和核酸序列比对,证实pGL3-HMGB2-promoter重组质粒构建成功。虫荧光素酶报告实验结果显示,构建的重组质粒具有启动子活性。PROMO在线软件分析结果表明,有72个转录因子可能与HMGB2启动子序列结合。 结论： 成功构建了含有HMGB2启动子序列的荧光素酶报告基因重组质粒,该质粒具有启动子活性,且有72个转录因子可能与HMGB2启动子序列结合,促进HMGB2的转录。     

转录因子GATA结合蛋白3对哮喘易感基因ADAM33表达的影响

目的:探讨转录因子GATA结合蛋白3(GATA binding protein 3,GATA3)对解整合素-金属蛋白酶33(a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33,ADAM33)基因启动子活性及mRNA表达的影响。方法:以人正常肺上皮BEAS-2B细胞DNA为模板经PCR扩增得到ADAM33基因启动子区1 953 bp片段。通过双酶切、连接、转化等步骤将该片段克隆至pGL3-Basic载体构建ADAM33启动子重组质粒,并将其转染至人HEK293T、BEAS-2B细胞中;利用双荧光素酶报告基因技术检测HEK293T、BEAS-2B细胞中所构建的质粒启动子活性。将HEK293T、BEAS-2B细胞分为pcDNA-GATA3组和pcDNA3.1对照组,分别转染GATA3过表达质粒和空白对照质粒,用双荧光素酶报告基因技术检测荧光素酶活性;用实时荧光定量PCR检测BEAS-2B细胞中ADAM33 mRNA相对表达水平。结果:通过PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定,成功构建含ADAM33启动子片段的重组质粒;重组质粒的ADAM33启动子活性较pGL3-Basic对照组...     

人β1整合素近端和远端启动子报告基因载体的构建和鉴定及启动活性分析

目的：克隆整合素β1近端启动子和远端启动子基因序列，构建并鉴定整合素β1启动子调控的荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3—261和pGL3—1442。方法：以本室构建的含整合素β1全长启动子基因序列（1756bp）的重组载体pGL3—β1为模板，用含有酶切位点的特异性引物扩增出整合素β1近端和远端启动子基因序列，克隆至荧光素酶表达载体pGL3-basic，构建含正确目的基因的表达载体pGL3—261和pGL3—1442，经Nhe I、Xho I酶切、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增及测序鉴定；并用pGL3—261和pGL3—1442质粒与pGL3—β1质粒同时转染人表皮细胞株HaCaT进行活性分析。结果：酶切及序列测定表明，克隆获得的近端启动子261bp和远端启动子1442bp与GenBankDNA序列数据库对比分析序列一致，且插入方向正确；此三种质粒都有明显的启动子活性，远端启动子活性与全长启动子活性无显著差异，但明显高于近端启动子活性。结论：成功构建了整合素B1近端和远端启动子基因序列荧光素酶报告基因载体，整合素β1远端启动子在HaCaT细胞中起主要作用。为下一步研究人整合素β1启动子核心区、基因表达调控机制及其信号转导通路等奠定基础。     

人细胞表面黏附分子P选择素启动子报告基因的构建及鉴定

目的构建人细胞表面黏附分子P选择素（p-selectin）基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-pselectin-promoter,检测其 转录活性,并应用于筛选药物对其转录活性的影响。方法根据UCSC软件查找的人基因组DNA的p-selectin启动子序列并设 计两端引物,扩增人基因组DNA中的p-selectin启动子。用限制性内切酶KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切质粒pGL3-Basic和p-selectin启 动子后,将p-selectin基因启动子插入到pGL3-basic报告基因载体上。重组质粒命名为pGL3-pselectin-promoter。将其与内参 质粒pRL-SV40瞬时共转染293F细胞,检测双荧光素酶活性。对不同启动子片段长度的p选择素报告基因进行双荧光素酶的 检测。以炎症因子和药物分组刺激转染了报告基因质粒的293F细胞并检测双荧光素酶活性。结果成功构建p-selectin基因启 动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-pselectin-promoter,质粒酶切及测序结果完全正确。瞬时共转染pGL3-pselectin-promoter/ pRL-SV40 组荧光素酶活性为0.8573±0.4703,高于转染pGL3-Basic/pRL-SV40 组的荧光素酶活性值0.03955±0.05894。 pGL3-1826 bp相比较于pGL3-1092 bp组和pGL3-3738 bp组具有最强的转录活性。炎症因子LPS和TNF-α和药物As2O3均具 有上调pGL3-pselectin-promoter转录活性的作用。结论pGL3-pselectin-promoter在293F细胞中能被转录激活,并验证了炎症 因子对其转录表达的作用,并为药物筛选与评价提供解决方案。     

HMGB1启动子荧光素酶报告基因的构建及鉴定

目的：构建高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）启动子驱动的荧光素酶报告基因的真核表达载体pGL3-HMGB1P,转染肺泡上皮细胞（A549）后检测报告基因在机械牵张刺激中的转录活性.方法：以A549细胞基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR技术扩增HMGB1启动子片段,测序正确后克隆入荧光素酶报告基因表达载体pGL3,将重组质粒pGL3-HMGB1P导入A549细胞,检测不同强度机械牵张（分别为5%和20%）刺激下荧光素酶的活性变化.结果：PCR和测序结果表明扩增的HMGB1启动子序列正确,酶切检测证实重组真核表达载体pGL3-HMGB1P构建成功.在5%牵张应变作用下,转染pGL3-HMGB1P的A549细胞荧光素酶活性是转染空载体pGL3-Basic的2.9倍（P〈0.05）;而在20%牵张应变作用下,转染pGL3-HMGB1P的A549细胞荧光素酶活性是转染空载体pGL3-Basic的6.2倍（P〈0.01）.结论：利用荧光素酶报告基因系统证实机械牵张可诱导HMGB1转录表达增加,为深入研究HMGB1转录表达的调控机制提供了基础.     

Survivin启动子的克隆及其在膀胱癌细胞BIU87中的活性鉴定

目的克隆Survivin启动子的有效片段,并检测其在人膀胱癌细胞株BIU87和人正常膀胱上皮细胞SV-HUC-1中的转录活性。方法用PCR扩增Survivin基因的启动子片段,克隆入荧光素酶报告质粒pGL3-Basic,构建pGL3BSurvivin重组质粒,用脂质体法瞬时转染BIU87及SV-HUC-1中,检测Survivin启动子在细胞中的转录活性。同时构建含CMV启动子的pGL3BCMV重组质粒作为阳性对照。48h后收集转染细胞与荧光素酶底物反应,检测荧光素酶活性。结果成功克隆440 bp的Survivin基因启动子,并构建了携带有Survivin基因启动子的pGL3Basic真核表达载体,转染BIU87细胞后的荧光素酶活性为2 286.98±440.21,而SV-HUC-1荧光素酶活性为12.32±1.16,两者差异有统计学意义（〈0.01）。结论本实验成功克隆的Survivin启动子在BIU87细胞中表现出较高的肿瘤特异性活性,其有可能作为调控元件用于膀胱癌的靶向性基因治疗。     

IPO8基因启动子的克隆及转录活性分析

目的：克隆IPO8基因5'端非编码序列,探讨其转录活性。方法：应用cDNA 5'末端快速扩增(rapid amplication of cDNA ends,5'CE)方法定位IPO8基因转录起始点;在此基础上针对其5'端非编码区包括转录起始点在 内的–3302 ~ +134区域分段进行PCR扩增,将产物克隆入荧光素酶表达载体pGL3-Basic。经酶切鉴定后,将重组质粒与 内参质粒pRL-TK共转染人骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2,用双荧光素酶活性检测以确定其转录活性。结果：成功确定IPO8基因 转录起始位点,酶切结果证实IPO8基因5'端非编码区6条续减片段正确插入到荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-Basic。重组 质粒转染Saos-2细胞后检测到荧光素酶的高表达(P<0.05)。结论：成功构建具有转录活性的IPO8启动子片段,为进一 步研究IPO8表达调控机制奠定了基础。     

人FAT1基因启动子的克隆鉴定及其功能浅析

目的：克隆人脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白1（FAT atypical cadherin 1,FAT1）基因启动子,找到核心启动子区域并对其转录调控机制进行初步分析。方法：通过PCR方法获得人FAT1基因5′上游1 163 bp（-1 029~+134 bp）的片段,亚克隆至pGL3?basic载体;通过步移缺失构建不同缺失片段的重组质粒。双荧光素酶报告活性分析检测各重组质粒在A549细胞和HEK293T细胞中的活性,找到核心启动子区域。利用生物信息学方法预测核心区域的转录因子结合位点。结果：经测序、酶切鉴定,成功构建了人FAT1启动子荧光素酶活性报告基因重组质粒。与pGL3?basic质粒相比,人FAT1启动子重组质粒的相对荧光素酶活性增加（P < 0.05）。通过生物信息学软件预测人FAT1启动子区域（-233~-110 bp）可能含有TFAP2C、KLF5等转录因子结合位点。结论：成功构建人FAT1启动子不同缺失片段的荧光素酶报告基因重组质粒。通过荧光素酶活性比较,推测人FAT1的核心启动子区域位于-233~+134 bp区域,其中可能含有若干转录因子结合位点。     

人Tim-3启动子的克隆及其真核报告质粒的构建

目的克隆人Tim-3基因5′端非编码区处具有启动子活性的片段，构建其真核报告质粒，为进一步研究Tim-3表达调控奠定基础。方法以人基因组DNA为模板，针对人Tim-3启动子5′端非编码区处包括翻译起始点ATG和转录起始点TSS在内的-898～+242片段，设计特异性引物，PCR扩增该片段，命名为Tim-3P2，经双酶切后克隆入pGL3-Basic载体SacⅠ、XhoⅠ位点，构建pGL3-Tim-3P2荧光素酶报告质粒，与内参照pRL-TK用脂质体法瞬时共转染COS-7、RAW264.7和B16细胞系，通过双荧光素酶活性检测确定其启动子活性。结果pGL3-Tim-3P2经PCR、双酶切及DNA测序分析鉴定正确无误；pGL3-Tim-3P2转染RAW264.7和B16细胞（两种细胞均可表达内源性Tim-3）24h和48h，双荧光素酶活性检测显示其启动子相对活性约为pGL3-Basic空载体的2倍；而pGL3-Tim-3P2转染不表达内源性Tim-3的COS-7细胞后检测不到荧光素酶活性。结论成功克隆并构建含有人Tim-3启动子的真核报告质粒，该载体具有特异性Tim-3启动子活性，为进一步研究Tim-3表达调控奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.