可溶性转铁蛋白受体评价中国育龄期妇女缺铁性贫血临界值的研究

目的比较中国居民育龄期妇女缺铁性贫血人群与铁营养状况正常人群血浆可溶性转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)水平,并确定sTfR在评价缺铁性贫血时的适宜临界值。方法从2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查采集的静脉血液样本中随机抽取251名铁营养状况正常的育龄期妇女作为正常对照组,224名缺铁性贫血的育龄期妇女作为病例组,采用酶联免疫法检测两组人群sTfR水平,并采用ROC曲线法探讨其评估缺铁性贫血的最佳临界值。结果缺铁性贫血组与正常对照组血浆sTfR浓度分别为(42.67±20.29)nmol/L和(21.08±6.70)nmol/L,缺铁性贫血组sTfR水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。采用ROC曲线法确定sTfR判断缺铁性贫血的最佳临界点为25nmol/L。结论中国育龄期妇女缺铁性贫血人群血浆sTfR水平高于铁营养状况正常人群。     

sTfR和SI对诊断妊娠妇女早期贫血的意义

目的:比较可溶性血清转铁蛋白受体(soluble transferrin receptor,sTfR)和血清铁(serumiron,SI)诊断妊娠期缺铁性贫血的灵敏度和特异度。方法:应用Orion Diagnostica IDeA sTfRIT试剂盒,采用可溶性转铁蛋白受体微粒子增强投射免疫分析法测定其血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)及血清铁值(SI)。结果:50例贫血孕妇的sTfR平均值是(3.011±2.026)mg/L,高于临界值2.3mg/L(P<0.05),属于贫血范围;SI的平均值是(10.704±3.462)μmol/L,属于正常范围。50例正常孕妇的sTfR平均值是(2.047±0.803)mg/L,小于2.3mg/L(P<0.05),属于正常范围;SI的平均值是(18.542±4.835)μmol/L,属于正常范围。贫血孕妇的sTfR水平明显高于正常孕妇(P<0.01),SI水平明显低于正常孕妇(P<0.01)。sTfR及SI测定妊娠妇女缺铁性贫血的灵敏度分别是80%和30%,特异度分别是84%和94%。结论:在诊断孕妇缺铁性贫血中,sTfR和SI的特异度都比较高,但sTfR测定比SI测定灵敏度高且能对孕妇是否缺铁作出正确判断,特别是在亚临床贫血期,sTfR可作为诊断妊娠期早期缺铁性贫血的敏感指标。     

sTfR与孕妇、新生儿、婴儿亚临床缺铁及缺铁性贫血前瞻性纵向研究

【目的】 通过前瞻性纵向监测贫血孕妇及其新生儿、婴儿的Hb,sTfR,分析孕妇贫血对婴儿6月龄时铁代谢的影响。 【方法】 随机抽取Hb<100 g/L的56例临产孕妇作为研究组,选取56例Hb>110 g/L的同孕周临产孕妇作为对照组,两组孕妇所生各56例新生儿、婴儿为子代研究组、子代对照组,婴儿于出生时、42 d、4个月、6个月进行定期体检,孕妇、新生儿、6月龄婴儿抽血检测Hb、sTfR。 【结果】 与对照组比较,贫血孕妇及其所生婴儿6月龄时的Hb、sTfR值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),新生儿Hb、sTfR值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。贫血孕妇所生婴儿6月龄时IDA检出率为60.8%%,正常孕妇所生婴儿为21.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 【结论】 孕妇贫血是导致6月龄婴儿SID及IDA的主要危险因素。     

补铁对人体血清转铁蛋白受体水平的影响

目的研究补铁过程血清转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)值的时相动态变化趋势,为sTfR是否可作为观察补铁效果的指标提供依据.方法 2002年4～10月,从河北省廊坊市和北京顺义区初筛942名18～45岁育龄妇女,检测其铁生化指标,依现行铁状况评价标准,筛检红细胞生成缺铁(IDE)和缺铁性贫血(IDA)妇女,经知情同意后,共有59名妇女完成了自始至终的补铁效果动态观察.采用L-苏糖酸亚铁胶囊(7 mg元素铁/粒),IDE妇女隔日服4粒,IDA妇女每日服4粒,补铁12周,分别测定补铁过程中0、3、6、9和12周的铁生化指标和sTfR值,观察sTfR时相动态变化.结果 IDE和IDA育龄妇女sTfR含量分别为(26.62±10.57)nmol/L和(41.25±21.96)nmol/L,均显著高于健康者的水平;在补铁过程中,sTfR呈现以下变化特点在IDE期,sTfR在补铁后3周内趋于平稳,3周后渐进性降低,至12周时接近和达到健康者的水平,检测值为(17.86±5.57)nmol/L;在IDA期,补铁后3周内sTfR迅速下降,3周后缓慢下降,至第9周趋于平稳,至12周时接近和达到健康者的水平,检测值为(19.54±5.94)nmol/L;sTfR/血清铁蛋白在补铁过程中的变化趋势与sTfR基本平行;补铁过程中sTfR与血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白呈负相关,与锌卟啉呈正相关.结论在补铁过程,sTfR随机体铁状况的恢复而逐渐下降至正常水平,sTfR可作为观察补铁效果的特异指标.     

铁缺乏儿童血清转铁蛋白受体的变化及对铁干预的反应

目的观察血清转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)在铁状况正常和不同程度缺铁儿童体内的水平和铁干预后的变化,评价sTfR在筛检人群铁缺乏和补铁效果中的价值.方法初筛北京房山区6～14岁儿童1006名,检测其铁生化指标,从中筛选铁正常、贮存铁减少(ID)、红细胞生成缺铁(IDE)和缺铁性贫血(IDA)儿童239名,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定sTfR含量,计算sTfR/log血清铁蛋白(SF).对铁缺乏儿童给予口服乙二胺四乙酸钠铁胶囊(60mg元素铁/粒),每次1粒,ID与IDE儿童,每周1次,IDA儿童每周3次,连续9周.补铁后重复测定铁生化指标与sTfR,比较补铁前后sTfR的变化.结果ID、IDE、IDA期儿童sTfR含量分别为(20.03±2.33)nmol/L、(24.52±1.07)nmol/L和(33.28±6.09)nmol/L,sTfR/logSF值分别为18.15±5.31、20.98±8.88和29.08±8.57,均显著高于正常对照组的sTfR(18.74±3.06)nmol/L与sTfR/logSF值9.89±1.74.sTfR与红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)、血红蛋白(Hb)显著相关.正常儿童sTfR为12.5～23.5nmol/L.补铁后,ID、IDE与IDA期儿童sTfR含量为(16.37±3.10)nmol/L,明显低于补铁前水平,但在IDE与IDA期没有变化;ID期儿童sTfR/logSF值分别为11.42±3.12、16.54±4.70和23.59±9.93,与补铁前相比均显著降低.结论sTfR为鉴定铁缺乏IDE与IDA期的特异指标,sTfR/logSF为观察补铁效果的敏感指标.     

孕妇血脂与新生儿体重的关系

【目的】　探讨孕妇血脂变化与新生儿体重的关系。　【方法】　用日立 7170A全自动生化分析仪对 10 0例妊娠期妇女血清胆固醇 (CHO)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)及载脂蛋白B10 0 (ApoB10 0 )进行分析 ,并跟踪观察其所生新生儿的体重。　【结果】　妊娠期妇女 63 %表现为高脂血症 (CHO >6.47mmol/L、TG >2 .3 0mmol/L)。妊娠早期 (17周以前 )血脂各项参数与对照组相比差异无显著性(P >0 .0 5 ) ;妊娠中期 (17～ 3 2周 )血脂各项参数均升高 ,与对照组相比差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;妊娠晚期 (3 3周以后 )血脂升高更明显 ,与妊娠中期相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。高血脂孕妇所生超体重儿 (体重 >40 0 0 g)的比率 (2 3 .8% )明显高于血脂正常孕妇 (5 .4% ) ,经 χ2 检验 ,P <0 .0 5。孕妇血脂 (CHO)含量与新生儿体重呈正相关 (r=0 .5 72 8,P <0 .0 1)。　【结论】　高血脂孕妇所生超体重儿的比率增大 ,超体重儿可能是导致儿童肥胖症的一个原因。     

孕中期低水平铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响

【目的】　观察孕中期低水平铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响。　【方法】　采用配对方法对 94例检测了孕中期血铅水平的产妇所生新生儿进行了新生儿 2 0项行为神经发育评分 (NABA) ,并与其母亲的孕中期血铅水平及脐血铅水平 (6 8例 )进行相关分析 ;以孕中期妇女血铅水平 0 .2 4 μmol/L、0 .30 μmol/L、0 .36 μmol/L及其脐血铅水平 0 .15 μmol/ L、0 .2 1μmol/L、0 .2 6 μmol/L(分别为P2 5、P50 、P75)为分界点 ,分为相对高铅组及低铅组 ,进行t检验。　【结果】　新生儿神经行为发育的总得分、行为能力、主动肌张力与孕中期妇女的血铅水平呈显著的负相关关系、相关系数分别为 0 .5 2 9(P <0 .0 1)、 0 .4 0 2 (P <0 .0 1)和 0 .2 5 3(P <0 .0 5 ) ;新生儿神经行为发育的总得分、行为能力与脐血铅水平有显著的负相关关系。相关系数分别为 0 .4 0 9(P <0 .0 1)和 0 .4 17(P <0 .0 1) ;孕中期血铅在 0 .30 μmol/L的水平、脐血铅在 0 .2 1μmol/L的水平 ,即在P50 分界点 ,两组的总分即有差异。　【结论】　孕妇孕中期的铅暴露即使在 0 .30 μmol/L的水平也可能对胎儿期的发育构成危害 ,从而对新生儿的神经行为发育产生不良影响     

妊娠妇女血中铁状态标记物的病理生理变化

目的 :探讨妊娠妇女血中铁标志物浓度的病理生理变化。方法 :测定了 180例妊娠 2月后、产后 10周内和健康受试者血中血液学指标和铁标志物浓度。结果 :妊娠前 3个月sTfR浓度与健康对照间无明显变化(P =0 0 97) ,4个月后sTfR浓度显著增加 (P =0 0 4 3) ,并从该月起 ,sTfR浓度逐渐增加 ,分娩前sTfR浓度最大 (P =0 .0 0 1)。分娩后sTfR浓度迅速降低 ,6～ 8周内回复到正常对照水平 (P =0 10 8)。妊娠 6月后RBC、Hb、Hct、MCV、MCH、MCHC浓度明显低于健康对照 ;分娩 4周后回复到正常对照水平 (P =0 0 5 9)。其余各标志物浓度在妊期内及分娩后无明显差异。结论 :该结果提示sTfR是诊断妊娠妇女铁缺乏的灵敏标志物。妊娠后期血液学指标将降低。     

沈阳市工业区儿童体内汞含量调查及分析

【目的】　了解我市儿童体内汞含量并进行国际间比较。　【方法】　铁西区 5 8名 4岁儿童及其母亲尿样、发样 ,采用原子吸收方法检测尿中及发中汞含量。　【结果】　我市工业污染区儿童尿汞全距为 0～ 0 .0 2 1μmol/L ;平均值 ( 0 .0 0 35± 0 .0 0 48) μmol/L ;成人尿汞全距为 0～ 0 .0 2 3μmol/L ,平均值为 ( 0 .0 0 32± 0 .0 0 34) μmol/L ;均低于国内其他城市监测值 ,也低于日本、美国等发达国家的检测值。　【结论】　沈阳市儿童及成人体内汞含量处于正常水平 ;沈阳市工业汞处理达到了国际发达国家水平。     

血清转铁蛋白受体在小儿缺铁性贫血诊断及分度中的研究

目的探讨血清转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)在儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)诊断及其分度中的意义.方法6月～12岁IDA儿童50例及正常儿童20例均进行血红蛋白(Hb)、s¨R、血清铁蛋白(SF)、血清铁(SI)、总铁结合力(TIBC)测定,并将受测对象分为正常对照组(C组)、轻度IDA组(IDA1组)、中一重度IDA组(IDA2组),计算C组、IDA1组、IDA2组3组间sTfR均数并将其进行统计学分析比较.结果C组、IDA1组、IDA2组sTfR浓度分别为27.6±9.3 nmol/L、44.3±8.5 nmol/L、63.4±12.6 rmol/L,将其3组间进行方差分析及两两比较,均有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论sTfR在诊断IDA及判断IDA的严重程度中有着重要的意义.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.