The clinico-morphological characteristics of the regional blood circulation of the parotid glands in patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis]

Regional circulation in the parotid glands was studied in 34 patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis (CPP) with the use of clinical (rheography and coagulography) and morphologic methods. A relationship has been revealed between regional circulation changes and the inflammation severity, CPP stage, type of concomitant diseases.     

The regional blood circulation in the parotid gland area in Sj?gren's disease (syndrome)]

Rheographic investigations of the parotid gland area in 103 patients with Sjogren's disease (syndrome) that developed in the presence of chronic nonspecific sialadenitis during its various stages and inflammation phases have demonstrated that the blood stream volumic rate directly depended on the inflammation phase and intensity of this phase. During remission the circulation in the salivary glands was close to normal.     

Spontaneous regeneration of the parotid salivary gland following juvenile recurrent parotitis

Sialograms of an 18-year-old female patient known to suffer from juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) disclosed the destructive glandular changes typical of the disease. During the 10 years subsequent to the sialographic examination, the patient did not experience any further attacks of JRP. Sialograms carried out when the patient was 28 years of age demonstrated a normal gland. This case illustrates that a damaged parotid gland is capable of regeneration following JRP.     

Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of chronic interstitial parotitis and an acinar-cell tumor

Clinical pictures of parotid tumors and chronic interstitial parotitis are similar to several extent. Cytologic investigation of punctate from the suspected tumor can have a crucial value for diagnosis. Additional thorough investigation in a special clinic using any available technique is expedient in cases of cytological detection of a rarely occurring tumor.     

Classification and management of chronic sialadenitis of the parotid gland

Summary  Saliva has numerous oral functions and multiple functions in relation to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Chronic salivary hypofunction can lead to severe adverse health outcomes. Chronic sialadenitis is one of the major conditions that can cause salivary hypofunction. A correct diagnosis and management of chronic sialadenitis is essential for the recovery of salivary hypofunction. Chronic sialadenitis of the parotid gland is often seen in the clinic, sometimes also referred to as recurrent pyogenic parotitis, recurrent parotitis, non-obstructive parotitis, sialadenitis or obstructive parotitis, among other terms. The literature describes several different classifications and denominations for chronic sialadenitis of the parotid gland. These various classifications and denominations complicate the definition and diagnostic criteria, and if chronic sialadenitis of the parotid gland can develop into Sjogren's syndrome remains unclear. Treatment of this condition is also a challenging problem. Here, we review the presented classification and denomination of chronic sialadenitis of the parotid gland, proposing a classification based on the disease entities identified in a long-term follow-up investigation, and discuss the treatment principles for the condition.     

The outcomes of chronic parenchymatous parotitis in children

Time course of the process was examined in 16 patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis. The follow-up started in children and was proceeded in adults, thus permitting an answer to the problem of parenchymatous parotitis outcome. Dynamic sialographic studies have shown that the process in the gland may develop in three directions, i.e. improvement, deterioration, or stabilization. Positive changes were the most manifest in the initial stage of the disease and not manifest in the late one. The authors' findings help predict the course of parotitis and outcome of the changes in the parotid gland in children.     

Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the rat parotid gland.

Two-month-old Wistar rats ingested 10% ethanol for 12 months. Their parotid glands were then compared with those of normal controls by light microscopy. They had extensive ductal and acinar oncocytic transformation; numerous atypical acinar cells showed anisocytosis, polyploidism and hyperchromatism, features that were absent in controls. Oncocytosis and atypical acinar cells have been reported in 2-3-yr-old ('senile') Wistar rats. Thus, chronic alcohol ingestion may produce cellular features resembling those observed in the parotid gland of 'senile' Wistar rats.     

The clinical and cytological characteristics of the oral mucosa in Sj?gren's disease and chronic parotitis]

Clinical stomatologic and cytologic studies were carried out in 31 patients with Sjogren's disease, 12 ones with chronic parotitis, and 5 normal subjects. Patients with Sjogren's disease, in contrast to those with chronic parotitis, develop clinically manifest signs of dry exfoliative cheilitis, xerostomia, atrophic changes in the buccal mucosa; this condition is associated with a very high caries intensity and no clinical manifestations of periodontitis or tartar. Elevated leukocyte levels in oral washings and oral fluid of patients with Sjogren's disease and chronic parotitis point to inflammations in the salivary glands, buccal mucosa, and periodontal tissues. Assessment of the leukocyte levels may be used for monitoring the disease course and treatment efficacy. A 3-5-fold enlargement of the deep-layer epitheliocytes, seen on the cytogram of oral washings, is characteristic of patients with Sjogren's disease, in contrast to those with chronic parotitis or normal subjects. A differentiated estimation of the epitheliocyte types in the cytogram of oral washings may be used in the diagnosis of Sjogren's disease along with the criteria suggested before.     

Expression of CD44 standard and variant isoforms in parotid gland and parotid gland tumours

In this study, we investigated the distribution of the standard form of the CD44 (CD44s) cell adhesion molecule and of its v3 and v6 isoforms in samples of foetal and adult parotid gland tissue, in comparison with samples of parotid gland adenomas and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Foetal parotid gland showed CD44s and CD44v3 expression in the peripheral small primordial ducts and acini, while CD44v6 was only focally expressed. Adult parotid gland tissue showed a similar distribution of CD44s and variants, with a predominant expression in acinar structures and a weaker expression at duct level. In parotid gland adenomas, a diffuse and intense expression of CD44s and variants 3 and 6 was observed only in pleomorphic adenomas, while expression of CD44s was prevalent in Warthin's tumour, myoepithelioma and oncocytoma. The malignant areas of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma showed a markedly decreased expression of CD44v3 and CD44v6 in comparison with the adjacent pleomorphic adenoma component. In conclusion, the prevalent expression of CD44s and variants in pleomorphic adenoma in comparison with other adenomas may be related to the abundant extracellular matrix production present in these tumours, while loss of CD44v3 and CD44v6 associated with the onset of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma could promote stromal invasion, eventually contributing to the development of distant metastases.     

The human accessory parotid gland: its incidence, nature, and significance.

Observations on ninety-six dissections of human parotid glands have been presented, with the incidence, size, location, and histologic features of accessory parotid glands noted. Twenty-one per cent of the dissections revealed clearly detached accessory glands at variable distances from the main gland. There were no appreciable histopathologic differences between the accessory gland and the main gland in the same facial half. Aging changes, such as decreased glandular elements, increased fat, and increased fibrous connective tissue, were not more extensive in the accessory gland than in the main gland. Because of the histologic similarity, pathoses of the main gland could also involve the accessory parotid gland. Failure to remove a distantly separated accessory gland during parotidectomy could be a cause of tumor recurrence. X-ray films and sialograms were examined for visualization of accessory parotid glands and their ducts. Whereas routine diagnostic x-ray films were limited in their usefulness, sialograms provided visualization of accessory glands for diagnostic purposes.     

超声和冰冻切片对腮腺肿块定性诊断的评价

随着医学影像学的发展,腮腺造影、核素显像、超声、ＣＴ、造影ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ相继应用于腮腺肿块的诊断,显示了各自相应的诊断价值。近来已有灰阶超声与彩色多普勒显像（ＣＤＦＩ）相结合诊断腮腺肿块的报道,但缺乏深入分析［１］。为此,我们结合灰阶超声和ＣＤＦＩ,对...     

腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域性和浅叶切除临床研究

目的    观察腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域性切除术和浅叶切除术的疗效及并发症发生率,为合理选择术式提供依据。 方法    回顾性分析2001年1月至2008年12月焦作市第二人民医院口腔科收治的68例腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者病历资料,其中腮腺区域性切除术38例,腮腺浅叶切除术30例。随访2 ~ 5年,记录肿瘤复发、面瘫、Frey综合征和涎瘘的发生例数。对所得数据进行分析。结果    随访2~5年,所有患者均未复发。腮腺区域性切除术后并发症发生率13.15%,传统腮腺浅叶切除术为66.67%。结论    腮腺区域性切除术可作为体积较小的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤治疗的首选术式,具有手术创伤小、并发症少及肿瘤复发率低等优点。