艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油控制性降压在高血压病人手术中的应用

目的 探讨艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油在高血压病人术中控制性降压的临床效果.方法 40例术前诊断为高血压病的择期手术的病人,随机分成两组,每组20例.对照组:术中应用硝酸甘油降压;艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油组(实验组):术中应用艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油降压.于血压稳定后降压前即刻(T1),降压30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)、停止降压后15 min(T4)4个时间记录血压(SBP、DBP、MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、PETCO2的变化及晶胶体输入量、尿量、输血量和出血量.同时记录两组病人开始降压时间,停药后血压回升时间.结果 两组病人开始降压时间分别为(2.8±1.3)min和(5.6±2.0)min,实验组短于对照组(P＜0.05).停药后实验组血压回升时间较对照组明显延长(P＜0.05).实验组在降压后30、60 min时HR,SBP和DBP明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油实施控制性降压用于高血压病人手术中降压,如果术前能很好地稳定病人的血压,降压时根据MAP情况,适量用药,短时间降压还是比较安全、平稳的.     

艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油控制性降压在高血压病人手术中的应用

目的探讨艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油在高血压病人术中控制性降压的临床效果。方法40例术前诊断为高血压病的择期手术的病人,随机分成两组,每组20例。对照组:术中应用硝酸甘油降压;艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油组(实验组):术中应用艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油降压。于血压稳定后降压前即刻(T1)、降压30min(T2)、60min(T3)、停止降压后15min(T4)4个时间记录血压(SBP、DBP、MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、PETCO2的变化及晶胶体输入量、尿量、输血量和出血量。同时记录两组病人开始降压时间,停药后血压回升时间。结果两组病人开始降压时间分别为(2.8±1.3)min和(5.6±2.0)min,实验组短于对照组(P<0.05)。停药后实验组血压回升时间较对照组明显延长(P<0.05)。实验组在降压后30、60min时HR,SBP和DBP明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论艾司洛尔复合硝酸甘油实施控制性降压用于高血压病人手术中降压,如果术前能很好地稳定病人的血压,降压时根据MAP情况,适量用药,短时间降压还是比较安全、平稳的。     

硝酸甘油滴鼻控制性降压在全麻腹腔镜手术中的应用效果观察

目的研究硝酸甘油滴鼻控制性降压应用于全麻腹腔镜手术中的作用,为临床治疗提供可参考方案。方法抽取我院2012年1月-2013年1月进行全麻腹腔镜手术患者100例,进行分组研究。按照自愿原则分为研究组和对照组,每组50例。研究组于术中使用硝酸甘油滴鼻降压,对照组不做干预。统计两组患者麻醉过程中血压变化。结果进入手术室和用药时,研究组和对照组MAP和HR均值没有显著差异(P0.05),拔管时、拔管后5min以及拔管后15min研究组平均MAP和HR值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论使用硝酸甘油滴鼻控制性降压用于全麻腹腔镜手术中,操作简便,没有发生反跳性高血压。     

依据动态血压指导高血压患者个体化治疗疗效评价

【摘要】目的 通过动态血压监测情况对高血压患者服用降压药物提供个体化及有效的护理干预措施。 方法 选取2014年7月至2015年7月本科室已经完善动态血压监测检查并服用降压药物治疗的高血压病患者100例,将患者随机分为实验组和对照组各50例,测得结果清晨高血压者占总人数40%,下午高血压者占30%,夜间高血压者占30%,随机分组后每组分别有清晨高血压者30例,下午高血压者17例及夜间高血压者3例。。对照组给予常规用药指导,实验组给予根据患者动态血压监测结果指导个体化用药合理调整用药时间剂量指导。观察3个月后,两组患者的血压平稳控制情况及治疗依从性,并对结果进行分析。 结果 出院1个月后实验组完全依从性患者为66.7%（33/50例)高于对照组51.3%(26/50例),实验组血压控制有效率为81%高于对照组53%。出院3个月后实验组完全依从性患者为86.4%(43/50例)人高于对照组60.0%(30/50例),实验组血压控制有效率为90%高于对照组55%。实验组的降压疗效及治疗依从性显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论 通过对高血压患者的服药时间进行护理干预,指导个体化有效的用药指导,有利于血压趋于平稳,能提高患者治疗信心及依从性,并且能提高高血压的控制率及预防重要靶器官的损害,减少心脑病变所致死亡的危险。     

低水平控制性降压对脊柱手术患者术后认知功能的影响

目的探讨低水平控制性降压对脊柱手术患者术后认知功能的影响。方法选择60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期在全麻下进行腰椎减压植骨内固定术的患者,随机分为正常血压组（C组）、临床水平控制性降压组（D1组）、低水平控制性降压组（D2组）。C组不予处理,D1组和D2组均在手术开始后持续输注硝普钠0．5～6μg/（kg·min）,使平均动脉压（MAP）在30min内达目标血压（D1组MAP55～65mmHg,D2组MAP45～50mmHg）。于术前1d（基础状态）,术后1、2、3、5d时记录简易智力状态检查表（MMSE）评分。结果与基础值比较,三组术后1、2、3、5d,MMSE评分比较差异无统计学意义;三组各时点MMES评分比较差异无统计学意义,均未发生术后认知功能障碍。结论低水平控制性降压对脊柱手术患者术后认知功能无明显影响。     

右美托咪定复合尼卡地平对老年骨科手术患者控制性降压的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定复合尼卡地平对老年患者在骨科手术全身麻醉中控制性降压的作用。方法 168例需行骨科手术的老年患者,根据降压用药不同分为两组各84例,对照组单纯使用尼卡地平控制性降压,观察组联合应用尼卡地平和右美托咪定控制性降压。比较两组患者手术过程中术野清晰度,血流动力学变化以及对肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)系统的影响。结果观察组手术视野清晰度评分为(2.05±0.21)级,显著低于对照组(2.53±0.26)级(P0.05),级别越低清晰程度越高,观察组术视野清晰度明显优于对照组;观察组术中出血量以及术中补液量均显著少于对照组,排尿量显著多于对照组(均P0.05);观察组血流动力学较对照组稳定,并且对照组各时间段肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)、醛固酮(ALD)含量均显著多于观察组(P0.05)。结论联合应用尼卡地平和右美托咪定可有效维持血流动力稳定性,并且能够提高手术视野清晰度,减少手术时间,控制性降压效果理想。     

熄风降压汤治疗老年性高血压的临床疗效分析

目的研究分析熄风降压汤治疗老年性高血压的临床治疗效果。方法在2015年12月-2017年12月期间将我院收治的老年性高血压患者选取120例进行研究,根据随机分组的原则将其分为对照组(n=60)和实验组(n=60)。对照组患者采用常规西药进行治疗,实验组患者在对照组的基础上加用熄风降压汤进行治疗,对两组患者的临床疗效进行分析。结果经过两个疗程的治疗后,两组患者的治疗总有效率分别为:实验组95%、对照组75%,组间比较差异显著(P0.05),而且治疗后,实验组患者的血压改善情况也比对照组好,实验组患者的并发症的发生率也明显的低于对照组,差异显著,统计学意义成立(P0.05)。结论对于老年性高血压患者采用熄风降压汤进行治疗,有效的提高了患者的临床治疗效果,使其血压状态维持在正常水平,而且患者的不良反应发生率也比较低,临床上值得广泛应用。     

地尔硫卓持续泵入在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用

将4JD例术前ASA评分Ⅰ-Ⅱ级的鼻内窥镜手术患者随机分成地尔硫卓组和对照组各20例，地尔硫卓组于全麻插管前10min静脉持续泵入地尔硫卓5—20μg／（kg·min），而对照组则于同一时间静脉泵入生理盐水。观察插管即刻、手术开始即刻、手术开始后10min、30min、手术结束、拔管即刻时的收缩压（SBP）、平均动脉压（MBP）和HR，手术所用时间、总出血量和拔管时间。结果显示，在维持控制性降压后的血压不低于基础血压4JD％的前提下，地尔硫卓组的SBP、MBP和HR均明显低于对照组（P均〈0．05）。认为在鼻内窥镜手术中使用地尔硫卓持续静脉泵入，使手术的控制性降压更易于控制，术中的血流动力学更趋于平稳，加快了手术进程，减少术中出血，使患者能更易于苏醒。     

血脂康联合降压治疗对动态血压及其平滑指数的影响

目的 观察调脂联合降压治疗对动态血压、脉压指数(PPI)及降压平稳性的影响.方法 220例诊断为原发性高血压的患者随机分为单纯降压组和调脂降压治疗组,调脂降压治疗组在降压基础上加用血脂康60 mg,2次/d,所有病人均于治疗前及治疗6后月行血脂及动态血压检查.记录24 h平均收缩压(24 hSBP)及24 h平均舒张压(24 hDBP),计算24 h动态脉压(24 hPP),PPI和收缩及舒张压平滑指数(SI和SIDHP>),比较两组病人治疗前后血脂、动态血压值及其稳定性的变化.结果 两组血压控制良好,6月后调脂降压治疗组血脂水平明显降低(P<0.01),PP及PPI低于单纯降压组(P<0.05),调脂降压治疗组SI较单纯降压组升高(SISBP> P<0.01,SIDBP> P<0.05).结论 降压协同血脂康降脂治疗能降低动态血压的PP和PPI,并且能提高降压药物的SI.     

高血压健康教育在社区慢性病防治中的应用探讨

目的探讨对高血压慢性疾病患者进行社区教育的效果。方法回顾慢性疾病高血压患者100例,对所有患者进行高血压知识问卷调查,将100例患者分成实验组50例,对照组50例,给予实验组患者针对型健康教育,给予对照组常规健康教育,3个月后,进行相同内容的问卷调查,对比两组患者实施教育后的血压知识掌握情况。结果在社区实施健康教育后,两组患者的高血压知识掌握水平均有所提高,实验组的降压总有效率为84%,实验组的降压总有效率为60%,但与对照组相比,实验组患者的教育效果更显著(P0.05)。结论在社区中进行高血压教育工作,能够有效控制该疾病,因此,值得加大高血压等慢性疾病的宣传力度。     

经皮穴位电刺激辅助麻醉对老年胸腔镜手术患者疼痛及快速康复的影响

目的观察经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对老年胸腔镜手术患者疼痛及快速康复的影响。方法60例行胸腔镜手术的老年患者,随机分为经皮穴位电刺激(T)组和对照(C)组。T组于麻醉诱导前30 min经皮穴位电刺激患者双侧合谷、内关、后溪及支沟穴,频率为2/100 Hz,电刺激强度由弱至强,逐渐调节至患者能耐受的最大值(10~15 mA),持续30 min;术中麻醉期间持续TEAS,刺激强度为30 mA,频率为2/100 Hz,直至手术结束。C组患者在相同的穴位上贴电极片,不进行相应的电刺激。结果T组患者舒芬太尼[(57.93±5.54)μg和(44.30±4.03)μg,t=-10.903,P=0.000]、瑞芬太尼[(1.56±0.26)μg和(1.08±0.18)μg,t=-8.3043,P=0.000]、丙泊酚[(763.23±62.04)mg和(559.20±46.44)mg,t=-14.420,P=0.000]及右美托咪定[(545.07±53.36)μg和(301.67±43.27)μg,t=-19.405,P=0.000],镇痛泵按压次数[(9.9±2.0)次和(2.9±1.3)次μg,t=-10.903,P=0.000],术后24 h[(3.53±1.07)分和(1.90±0.66)分,t=-7.090,P=0.000]、48 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)[(1.37±0.61)分和(0.93±0.37)分,t=-4.660,P=0.000]评分均减少;T组患者术毕苏醒时间、拔管时间及离室时间均缩短,术后进食时间、开始早期下床活动时间提前,术后住院天数缩短,麻醉费用降低(均P<0.01或P<0.05);T组患者术毕恶心、呕吐、血氧饱和度下降、呼吸困难、头晕、躁动及嗜睡均较C组减少(均P<0.05);T组T1心率加快,平均动脉压降低。两组患者麻醉后脑电双频指数维持在40~60之间(均P<0.01)。结论经皮穴位电刺激辅助麻醉能有效减轻老年胸腔镜手术患者疼痛,促进术后快速康复。     

Treatment of hemorrhagic shock with intraosseous administration of crystalloid fluid in the rabbit model

Intravenous access can be very difficult to obtain in small hypotensive infants. We studied the ability of the intraosseous route to accept a large volume of resuscitation fluid administered to hypovolemic rabbits. Hypotension induced by withdrawing one-third of the blood volume of rabbits was treated by infusion of saline, IV or intraosseously. A control group was bled, but received no saline. All three groups experienced a drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to at least 50% of the prebleed baseline value. Also, all groups' heart rates dropped to between 90 and 95% of prebleed baseline values. A ten-minute infusion of a saline volume equal to three times the volume of blood removed reversed hypotension equally by the intraosseous and IV routes. After one-half of the fluid was administered, the MAP was 107 +/- 4% and 104 +/- 11% of baseline in the intraosseous and IV groups, respectively. In contrast, the control group had a MAP of 70 +/- 8% of baseline at the same time. At the end of the fluid bolus the intraosseous group had a MAP of 97 +/- 3% of baseline and the IV group a MAP of 99 +/- 8%. The control group continued to have a low MAP of 72 +/- 6% of baseline. Heart rates rose during fluid administration in both the intraosseous and IV groups, reaching 103 +/- 2% and 99 +/- 3%, respectively, at the end of fluid administration. The control group was 88 +/- 2% of baseline at the same time. The differences between the treatment groups and the control group were significant at the .05 level. The intraosseous route will allow sufficient flow of fluid to rapidly reverse hypotension secondary to hemorrhage in a small mammal (ie, the rabbit).     

右美托咪定对心脏手术麻醉诱导期间血流动力学的影响

目的重点研究和探讨右美托咪定对心脏手术的麻醉效果以及麻醉诱导期间血流动力学的影响。方法利用回顾性分析的方法研究和比较对我院于2010年1月1日-2013年11月31日期间收治的114例行心脏手术麻醉患者的临床资料进行回顾性对照分析。将患者随机分为2组,均给予常规静脉麻醉,观察组总计57例在常规静脉麻醉的基础上静脉注射右美托咪定;对照组总计57例在常规静脉麻醉的基础上静脉注射与观察组等量的生理盐水。然后将2组数据结果进行分析,分析探讨两组患者麻醉效果以及麻醉诱导期间血流动力学的影响。结果通过对我院收治的114例行心脏手术麻醉患者的临床资料进行分析,两组患者在注药后5min时MAP值均明显下降,对照组下降幅度更大(P0.05),在注药后10min、15min和30min时MAP值与基础值相比略有下降,但差异无显著性;对照组在注药后5min的HR值比基础值明显增快(P0.05);SPO2两组差异无显著性(P0.05)。观察组患者术后疼痛评分、清醒时间、呼吸恢复时间、阻滞完全时间、定向力恢复时间均好于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定对心脏手术患者具有很好的麻醉效果,并且能够平稳血流动力学相关指标,目前已经成为行心脏手术静脉麻醉患者的主要药物,值得临床借鉴和进一步推广。     

Role of free oxygen radicals in the development of gastrointestinal mucosal damage in Escherichia coli sepsis

Live Escherichia coli were infused into anesthetized cats given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM HCl into the stomach. Systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. Gastrointestinal total wall and mucosal blood flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic mucosal damage was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of cats (N = 8) received 5 mg yeast CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these cats were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated cats (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the cats in both groups developed significant small intestinal and colonic mucosal damage, respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic hypotension, decrease in cardiac output, or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late sepsis gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free oxygen radicals may be of partial importance in the development of sepsis-induced gastric, but not intestinal, mucosal damage.     

Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber improves shock and hypoxemia during endotoxemia in anesthetized sheep

This study evaluates the effect of direct hemoperfusion (DHP) using polymyxin B-immobilized fibers (PMX-F) as an extracorporeal blood filter on systemic hypotension and lung injury during endotoxemia Sheep were anesthetized, intubated, mechanically ventilated with 50% oxygen and connected to the DHP system between the right femoral artery and left jugular vein. Group 1 (n = 6)sheep were infused with 10 microg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin over a 30 min period. At the same time, sheep underwent DHP with PMX-F (Toraymyxin: PMX-20R) for 2 h at a flow rate of 60 ml/h. Group 2 (n = 6) sheep were infused with the same dose of endotoxin and treated with a sham column, in the same manner as those in group 1. DHP with PMX-F significantly improved and restored systemic pressure and arterial oxygen tension in group 1 sheep, although these values never returned to the baseline levels of group 2 sheep. Pulmonary hypertension and leukocytopenia were observed after endotoxin infusion in both groups, but there were no significant differences between these values. DHP with PMX-F significantly decreased the elevation of plasma nitric oxide products. The treatment with PMX-F improves shock and deteriorated oxygenation during endotoxemia, probably through the suppression of nitric oxide production.     

Endotoxic shock elicits greater endorphin secretion than hemorrhage

Opiopeptides may contribute to the pathophysiology of both endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock. To determine if endorphin secretion is similar in both types of shock, we divided 25 sheep into three groups: a saline control group (n = 10), an endotoxin-treated group (n = 9), and a hemorrhage group (n = 6). Each sheep had baseline determinations of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and plasma levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (iB-EP). Experimental animals either received endotoxin (450 ng/kg intravenous) or underwent withdrawal of blood volume sufficient to diminish MAP by approximately one-third of baseline values. MAP and iB-EP levels were determined every 15 minutes thereafter for 5 hours. Individual data were averaged within each group and then compared between groups using analysis of variance. Both the endotoxin- and hemorrhage-treated groups showed a significant fall in MAP, which was significantly lower in the hemorrhage group than the endotoxin group. Endotoxin-treated animals displayed a mean peak iB-EP level 1,550% above baseline as compared to a mean peak iB-EP level of only 201% above baseline in the hemorrhage-treated group, despite a significantly greater degree of hypotension in the latter group; this difference in peak iB-EP response was significant. Mean peak iB-EP levels coincided with mean trough MAP values in the endotoxin-treated group while the mean peak iB-EP lagged the onset of mean trough MAP in the hemorrhage group. These results demonstrate that iB-EP secretory patterns differ in endotoxic versus hemorrhagic shock and suggest that distinct mechanisms of opiopeptide secretion accompany the two shock states.     

高密度监测下观察布托啡诺对老年患者全麻诱导期血流动力学的影响

目的:观察布托啡诺先于舒芬太尼给药是否能够减轻老年患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学的波动。方法:60例ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级准备在全身麻醉下行择期手术的老年患者,随机分为2组,每组30例,麻醉诱导前,B组使用布托啡诺0.4 mg处理,C组使用相同容量的生理盐水处理。对比两组在开始诱导到插管结束后共15 min内的血压(MAP)和心率...     

预扩容对老年人腰硬联合麻醉下行TVP术血流动力学的影响

目的观察琥珀酰明胶注射液（商品名：佳乐施）预扩容对老年人腰硬联合麻醉（CSEA）下行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TVP）血流动力学的影响。方法择期行TVP术的老年病人60例，按美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，随机分为预输注佳乐施组（G组），乳酸钠林格液组（R组），每组各30例。麻醉前分剐以15ml／（kg·h）的速度输入佳乐施或乳酸钠林格氏液500ml，麻醉后2组病人输液管理相似。观察麻醉后5、15、30、45min各时点病人的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）、中心静脉压（CVP）的变化，记录发生低血压、恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的例数。结果 2组扩容后MAP、CVP有所升高，但均在正常范围内。麻醉后15、30、45min各时点R组的MAP、CVP与G组比较明显降低（P〈0．05），G组的血流动力学稳定，R组发生低血压、恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱的例数多于G组（P〈0．05）。结论老年人在腰硬联合麻醉下行TVP术，预输注佳乐施能保持病人术中血流动力学稳定，减少低血压、恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生率。     

STA无痛麻醉仪结合超声骨刀在抗凝血治疗老年人残根拔除术中的应用

目的探讨STA无痛麻醉仪结合超声骨刀用于长期抗凝血药物治疗老年人残根拔除的临床效果。 方法选取2018年6月至2019年9月在浙江医院行残根拔出的老年患者60例，其中30例采用STA无痛麻醉结合超声骨刀行微创拔牙（观察组），另30例采用传统卡局式注射器麻醉配合高速涡轮机与牙挺拔牙（对照组）。比较两组患者麻醉及拔牙过程中的VAS疼痛评分和麻醉前、麻醉后30 s、拔牙开始5 min、拔牙后30 min的血压和心率，以及拔牙时间、术中出血量、术后30 min的止血情况。组间计量的比较采用秩和检验、重复测量方差分析及t检验，率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果两组患者残根均完整拔除。观察组麻醉VAS评分明显低于对照组（z=-2.462，P<0.05），拔牙VAS评分的差异无统计学意义（z=-1.802，P>0.05）。两组患者各时点收缩压、舒张压及心率的差异均无统计学意义（F=2.500、0.014、3.001，均P>0.05），但观察组拔牙时间及术中出血量均明少于对照组（t=2.553、-6.368，P<0.05或0.01）。两组患者拔牙30 min后，观察组止血效果亦明显优于对照组（χ²=5.450，P<0.05）。 结论对于长期抗凝血治疗的老年人，采用STA无痛麻醉仪配合超声骨刀进行拔牙术，可明显减轻术中疼痛程度和血压波动，且术中、术后止血情况良好。     

Alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors of noradrenergic innervation modulate the lower limits of cerebral and cerebellar blood flow autoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors on the lower limits of cerebral (CBF) and cerebellar blood flow (CeBF) autoregulation were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. CBF and CeBF were measured during hemorrhagic hypotension in rats treated with adrenergic blockers, phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) or propranolol (PPL), using a hydrogen clearance method. The lower limits for CBF beyond which blood flow was decreased steeply were 72% of resting values in the control, 44 in the PBZ and 80 in the PPL group. Similar tendency was also observed for CeBF. In the control group, the reducing rates of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to decrease CBF by 15 and 30% of the resting values were 33% (58 mm Hg) of the resting MAP and 46% (80 mm Hg), respectively, and those to reduce CeBF to the same extent were 35% (61 mm Hg) and 52% (92 mm Hg), respectively. In the PBZ group, the respective reducing rates of MAP were 52% (71 mm Hg) and 65% (88 mm Hg), respectively, for CBF and 50% (68 mm Hg) and 65% (88 mm Hg), respectively, for CeBF. In contrast, in the PPL group, those rates were 22% (39 mm Hg) and 32% (56 mm Hg), respectively, for CBF, and 23% (40 mm Hg) and 30% (52 mm Hg), respectively, for CeBF, being significantly smaller than those in the control and the PBZ groups (p less than 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)