缬沙坦对永久性房颤患者血脑钠肽的影响机制探讨

将86例心脏病患者分为永久性房颤（AF）组和窦性心律（sR）组,AF组用缬沙坦治疗;采用放免法、发光法及超声检测两组的血浆肾素（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang II）、醛固酮（ALD）、血清脑钠肽（BNP）及平均左心房内径（LAD）。结果 AF组血BNP、PRA、Ang II、ALD水平及LAD均高于SR组（P〈0.05）,其血BNP与LAD、AngII水平明显相关（P〈0.05）;与治疗前相比,其治疗后血BNP及LAD降低,PRA、Ang II升高（P均〈0.05）。提示AF患者血BNP升高可能与心房重构有关,缬沙坦可能通过干预AF的心房重构,降低BNP水平。     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者RAAS及ET-1与心房颤动关系的研究

目的 探讨风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)与血浆肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,RAAS)及内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)之间可能的关系.方法 入选风湿性心脏病中重度二尖瓣狭窄患者67例,根据患者是否伴有持续性AF分为AF组35例和窦性心律(sinus rhythm,SR)组32例;另随机选取20例健康人为正常对照组(NC组).通过超声心动图检查评价左心房结构,放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定血浆RAAS、ET-1活性水平.结果 在二尖瓣狭窄患者中血浆肾素(renin,Ren)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)、醛固酮(aldosterone,ALD)及ET-1活性均明显高于NC组(P<0.01);AF组血浆Ang Ⅱ、ET-1均明显高于SR组(P<0.01),但血浆Ren、ALD在AF组和SR组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 二尖瓣狭窄患者中存在血浆RAAS、ET-1激活,伴有AF者更为显著.     

心力衰竭血钠水平对RAAS及BNP水平的影响

目的研究心力衰竭患者血钠水平与血浆肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)及脑钠肽之间(BNP)的相关性。方法选择我院收治的122例心力衰竭患者,根据血钠水平分为对照组(血清钠离子浓度<135mmol/L,57例)和观察组(血清钠离子浓度≥135mmol/L,65例),对2组患者的肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)及BNP水平进行比较分析,并对血钠水平与AngⅡ、ALD及BNP水平的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。结果观察组的PRA、AngⅡ、ALD及BNP水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),通过Pearson相关分析可见,患者的血钠水平与PRA、AngⅡ、ALD及BNP水平均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论心力衰竭患者血钠水平低时能促进PRA、AngⅡ、ALD及BNP的释放,且血钠水平与心力衰竭患者血浆中PRA、AngⅡ、ALD及BNP水平呈负相关。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮与TIMI积分和心肌梗死后早期心室重构的关系

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死患者入院时肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)水平与TIMI积分和心肌梗死后早期心室重构的关系.方法:采用放射免疫法测定79例发病12h内入院并行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者血浆PRA、AngⅡ、Ald浓度,入院时予TIMI危险评分,1周后予以超声心动图检查评价心脏大小和功能.结果:左心室(LV)舒张内径增大组(男性＞55 cm,女性＞50 cm)与LV舒张内径正常组相比,AngⅡ及Ald水平显著升高,PRA水平无明显差异.相关性分析显示Ald与LV舒张内径正相关(r=0.26,P＜0.05),TIMI评分与Ald(r=0.448,P＜0.001)及AngⅡ(r=0.278,P＜0.001)均成正相关.结论:AngⅡ、Ald两者中后者主要参与心肌梗死后早期的心室重构,两者均与TIMI积分相关.     

充血性心力衰竭患者血钠水平与神经内分泌激素及脑钠肽水平关系的临床研究

目的 探讨充血性心力衰竭患者血钠水平与血浆肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)及脑钠肽(BNP)水平的关系.方法 73例NYHAⅡ、Ⅳ级住院患者按血清钠水平分为正常血钠组(41例)和低血钠组(32例),测定并比较两组患者的血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD及BNP水平,并分析血清钠水平和上述指标的相关性 ;根据心功能级别分为心功能Ⅱ级组(20例)、Ⅲ级组(22例)和Ⅳ级组(31例),并分别进行组间血钠、PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、BNP水平比较.结果 ①与正常血钠组相比,低血钠组的心力衰竭患者血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、BNP水平均显著升高 ;②相关分析显示,血钠与血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、BNP呈显著负相关 ;③与心功能Ⅱ组比较,心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、BNP水平显著升高,而血钠水平显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血钠水平与PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、BNP水平呈负相关,可能促进慢性心力衰竭患者血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、BNP分泌增加.     

肾素-血管紧张素系统与维持性血液透析患者高血压发病机制的关系

目的 探讨肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)与维持性血液透析患者高血压发病机制的关系.方法 观察78例维持透析患者血压的控制状况,并测定透析前后RAS各组分的变化.结果 56例高血压组患者血浆肾素活性(PRA)水平、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)水平及血浆醛固酮(Ald)水平透析前均较22例正常血压组患者明显升高(P<0.05),高血压组血浆PRA 水平于透析后仍较正常血压组明显升高,而血浆Ang-Ⅱ水平及血浆Ald水平于透析后均较正常血压组差异无统计学意义.结论 肾素水平的升高及不易被透析过程清除是维持透析患者血压升高的重要原因.     

风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者血清Ang(1-7)浓度与心房颤动的发生相关性分析

目的:分析风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者血浆血管紧张素1-7(Ang1-7)的浓度与心房颤动发生之间的相关性,探讨Ang(1-7)在风湿性心脏瓣膜病房颤发生与维持中的作用及房颤的预防及治疗新的靶点。方法:收取风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者(AF组24例,SR组22例)外周静脉血,用ELISA法检测血清中Ang(1-7)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的浓度,分析两组间的差别及相关性。结果:在AF组,1左心房直径明显大于SR组(P<0.05);2血清Ang(1-7)浓度显著低于SR组(P<0.05);3血清AngⅡ浓度明显高于SR组(P<0.05)。结论:在风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者中,Ang(1-7)可能通过减弱AngⅡ的作用,抑制心房的重构,对于房颤的发生具有保护作用。     

充血性心衰ACEI治疗中醛固酮逃逸现象与心率变异的研究

【目的】探讨充血性心衰常规血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗后,血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、醛固酮(Ald)活性变化,及醛固酮逃逸程度与预后因素密切相关的心率变异各能谱范围之间的关系。【方法】采用放射免疫法测定106例充血性心衰ACEI治疗前。治疗1个月、3个月后血浆肾素(PRA)Ang Ⅱ、Ald的活性,把血浆醛固酮升高超过基线水平20％(组1,n=46)和超过基线水平但达不到20％(组2,n=60)分为2组,比较两组间心率变异各能谱范围及其昼夜规律的变化。【结果】①全部心衰患者ACEI治疗1个月、3个月后PRA差别无显著性。②与基线水平相比较ACEI治疗后1个月血浆Ang Ⅱ活性明显降低(P<0.05);治疗3个月后Ang Ⅱ有所回升。③ACEI治疗后1个月血浆Ald明显下降(P<0.01);继续治疗到3个月时明显升高,高于基线水平(P<0.01)。④组1与组2比较心率变异总能谱(TF)、极低能谱(VLF)、低能谱(LF)明显下降;高能谱(HF)及HF/LF两组差别无显著性;醛固酮逃逸严重组(组1)心率变异各能谱24h昼夜规律消失,各能谱呈低平曲线。【结论】①充血性心衰患者ACEI治疗后,确实可观察到醛固酮逃逸现象,且这一现象在治疗3个月时表现已很突出;②醛固酮逃逸明显的病人,与预后因素密切相关的心率变异各能谱TF、VLF、LF明显下降,且昼夜规律消失。提示     

RAS系统在血液透析患者高血压发病机制的临床研究

[摘要]目的 探讨RAS系统与维持性血液透析患者高血压发病机制的关系。方法 观察78例维持透析患者血压的控制状况,并测定透析前后肾素血管紧张素系统（RAS）各组分的变化。结果 56例高血压组患者血浆肾素活性（PRA）水平、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang-Ⅱ）水平及血浆醛固酮（Ald）水平透析前均较22例正常血压组患者明显升高（(P<0.05）,高血压组血浆PRA 水平于透析后仍较正常血压组明显升高,而血浆Ang-Ⅱ水平及血浆Ald水平于透析后均较正常血压组无显著性差异;结论 肾素水平的升高及不易被透析过程清除是维持透析患者血压升高的重要原因。     

急性脑梗塞患者血浆肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统的变化

测定48例息性脑梗塞患者血浆肾素活性(PRA)，血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)及醛固酮(Ald)水平，结果显示：急性期，PRA非常显著高于对照组(P<0．01)，AⅡ及Ald显著高于对照组（P<0．01)；恢复期，AⅡ及Ald仍明显升高，与对照组比较有显著差异（P<0．05)。病情越重，RAAS活性增强越明显。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.