肺癌患者Th1／Th2细胞的变化

「目的」观察肺癌患者血浆及外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）诱生ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４水平,进而反映患者Ｔｈ１和Ｔｈ２细胞功能。「方法」运用细胞因子诱生及ＥＬＩＳＡ技术,测定４８例肺癌术前患者和２４例术后患者血清及外周血单个核细胞诱生的ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４水平。以ＩＬ－２水平反映Ｔｈ１细胞功能,以ＩＬ－４水平代表Ｔｈ２细胞功能。「结果」肺癌患者表及ＰＢＭＣ诱生产生ＩＬ－２水平减低,而ＩＬ－４水平升高。ＰＢＭＣ     

肺癌患者血清免疫抑制作用及SIL—2R水平变化的研究

肺癌患者血清免疫抑制作用及ＳＩＬ┐２Ｒ水平变化的研究陈琼丘万服海镇环李固本我们对肺癌患者血清对正常人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）产生白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）的影响，及其与患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平的相关性进行了研究，并动态观...     

软组织肉瘤患者Th1/Th2亚群漂移研究

目的：观察软组织肉瘤患者Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群中Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２的变化,为细胞因子免疫治疗提供依据。方法：应用放射免疫分析法以及酶联免疫分析法检测１０例软组织肉瘤患者及１０例健康志愿者血甭中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－６、ＩＬ－１２的含量,检测外周血单个核细胞２上清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４含量。结果：软组织肉瘤患者血清及培养上清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－１２减少,而ＩＬ－１０、ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－６含量增加。经过植物血凝素刺     

骨转移癌患者Th1/Th2亚群研究

目的：观察骨转移癌患者Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群中Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２的变化,为细胞因子免疫治疗提供依据。方法：应用放射免疫分析及酶联免疫分析检测３０例骨转移癌患者血清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－６、ＩＬ－１０、ＩＬ－１２的含量,检测外周血单个核细胞有或无植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）存在情况下培养上清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４含量。结果：骨转移癌患者血清及培养上清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－１２减少（Ｐ＜０．００１）,而ＩＬ－１０、ＩＬ－     

肺癌患者IL—2R mRNA表达的临床意义

制备了ＩＬ－２ＲａｃＤＮＡ探针，采用斑点印迹杂交法对４６例肺癌者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）ＩＬ－２Ｒ ｍＲＮＡ的表达水平进行研究。     

肺癌患者IL－2RmRNA表达的临床意义

制备了人ＩＬ－２ＲａｃＤＮＡ探针，采用斑点印迹杂交法对４６例肺癌患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）ＩＬ－２ＲｍＲＮＡ的表达水平进行研究。结果发现ＩＬ－２ＲｍＲＮＡ的表达程度与肿瘤转移关系密切。肺癌无转移组：ＩＬ－２ＲｍＲＮＡ表达显著高于对照组与转移组（Ｐ＜０．００１），且与患者的组织学类型及病期有明显关系。转移组：ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），提示此组病人存在免疫抑制．其抑制可能存在细胞活化阶段或ＩＬ－２Ｒ的转录水平。同期所测血清肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）在两组患者无明显差异。本组结果提示：ＩＬ－２ＲｍＲＮＡ表达水平与患者预后密切相关。     

急性白血病患者外周血几种细胞因子水平的测定及其意义

目的 了解ＩＬ－２等细胞因子在白血病发病机制中的作用。方法 测定了５１例急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清中ＩＬ－２,ＩＬ－２,ＩＬ－６水平及血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＴＮＦα水平。结果 （１）急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清的ＩＬ－２水平显著低于正常（Ｐ〈０．０１）及ＣＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;而ＩＬ－６水平显著高于正常及ＣＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。（２）急性白血病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ及ＴＮＦα水平显著高于正常及     

肺癌病人外周血单核细胞IL—1水平研究

测定了２５例肺癌病人外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）白细胞介素－１（ＩＬ－１）水平及ＰＢＭＣ对大肠杆菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）、二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２）的反应性，结果表明，肺癌病人ＩＬ－１水平在刺激前后均显著高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．００１￣０．０１），且这种差异不受化疗因素的影响。ＰＢＭ细胞对ＬＰＳ、ＳｉＯ２的反应性比正常人稍低，但统计学分析无显著差异。提示肺癌病人ＩＬ－１增高是机体抗肿瘤免疫反应之一，与病人的细胞因子     

急性白血病患者外周血几种细胞因子水平的测定及其意义

目的了解ＩＬ－２等细胞因子在白血病发病机制中的作用。方法测定了５１例急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清中ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６水平及血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＴＮＦα水平。结果（１）急性白血病患者ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清的ＩＬ－２水平显著低于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１）及ＣＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＩＬ－６水平显著高于正常及ＣＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）急性白血病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ及ＴＮＦα水平显著高于正常及ＣＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）急性白血病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与其外周血幼稚细胞比例呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４１０,Ｐ＜０．０５）;在Ｍ５患者中血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ与ＴＮＦα水平正相关（ｒ＝０．８７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论急性白血病患者存在着细胞因子网络的失调,并在急性白血病的发生、发展中起一定的作用。     

肺癌病人外周血单核细胞IL－1水平研究

测定了２５例肺癌病人外周血单位细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）白细胞介素上（ＩＬ－１）水平及ＰＢＭＣ对大肠杆菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）、二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２）的反应性，结果表明，肺癌病人ＩＬ－１水平在刺激前后均显著高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０１），且这种差异不受化疗因素的影响。ＰＢＭ细胞对ＬＰＳ、ＳｉＯ２的反应性比正常人稍低，但统计学分析无显著差异。提示肺癌病人ＩＬ－１增高是机体抗肿瘤免疫反应之一，与病人的细胞因子网络状态有关，对肺癌的诊断有一定的临床价值。     

Helper strategy in tumor immunology: Expansion of helper lymphocytes and utilization of helper lymphokines for experimental and clinical immunotherapy

Two main kinds of immune strategy are possible against neoplasia. The first potentiates a selected effector arm. In vitro culture with exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) increases the activity of natural killer cells and leads to the expansion of T cytotoxic lymphocytes. Systemic reinfusion of both of these cells with high doses of IL-2 mediates the regression of a variety of murine and human tumors. In an alternative strategy, a few regulatory lymphocytes turn on immune reactivity by triggering a cascade of interconnected effector functions. The efficacy of this strategy rests on the repertoire of effector mechanisms moved to action. An effective immunoregulatory maneuver is the addition of helper determinants on the surface of tumor cells. Its power can be further increased by the pre-induction of helper T lymphocytes specific to the helper determinants. This approach can be achieved in mice by coupling muramyl dipeptides to tumor cells, along with eliciting T lymphocytes specifically reactive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Noncytotoxic T helper lymphocytes produce factors which recruit nonspecific (macrophages) as well as specific (cytolytic T lymphocytes) anti-tumor attacking cells. In this way protection can be afforded against primary tumors and metastases, as well as leukemia cells. As the activity of helper lymphocytes rests mostly on lymphokine release, the use of molecularly defined lymphokines mimicking T-helper functions has also been attempted. In a few experimental models, the association of low doses of IL-2 with non-reactive lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice promotes an effective anti-tumor reaction in the host. Moreover, the combination of distinct lymphokines can also build a molecularly defined helper system able to activate in sequence non-specific and specific anti-tumor reactions in vivo. Trials intended to evaluate the clinical impact of these helper approaches in the management of human tumors are being started or are already under way.     

辅助性T细胞17和调节性T细胞的免疫功能及其对非小细胞肺癌免疫调节作用的研究进展

在不同细胞因子以及不同浓度的细胞因子作用下原始CD4+ T细胞可分化为不同的Th亚群。辅助性T细胞17(Th17)和调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)是近年的研究热点,两者通过分泌不同的效应细胞因子发挥不同的免疫调节作用,即相互区别又相互联系,其中具体调控机制复杂,均在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的发生中发挥重要作用。文章就Th17和Treg细胞的分化、发育、免疫学作用及对NSCLC的免疫调节作用的研究进展进行综述。     

Th17细胞及IL-17在肿瘤免疫中的作用

辅助性T细胞17( Th17)和白细胞介素-17(IL-17)在多种肿瘤组织中分布和表达,其在肿瘤发生发展过程中起抗肿瘤还是促肿瘤作用目前尚未定论,因而有必要进一步研究它们在肿瘤微环境中的作用,希望在肿瘤治疗过程中趋利避害,提高疗效.     

慢性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜患者滤泡辅助性T细胞变化的研究

目的 探讨滤泡辅助性T细胞（Tfh）在成年人慢性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）免疫发病机制中的作用.方法 采用流式细胞术检测42例慢性ITP患者治疗前后、42名健康者外周血CXCR5＋CD4＋细胞比例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆白细胞介素（IL）-21浓度.结果 初发ITP患者组外周血中CXCR5＋CD4＋T细胞占CD4＋T细胞比例高于健康对照组[（12.15±6.82）％比（8.79±4.91）％,P＜ 0.005];经过激素治疗后,ITP患者外周血中CXCR5＋CD4＋T细胞占CD4＋T细胞比例有所下降[治疗后（9.01±5.13）％,P＜ 0.001],治疗后与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.初发ITP患者外周血血浆IL-21浓度高于健康对照组[（97.56±29.48） μg/ml比（30.36±12.93） μμg/ml,P＜0.001];经过激素治疗后,ITP患者外周血血浆IL-21浓度较治疗前有所下降[治疗后（67.35±20.58） μμg/ml,P＜0.001],但仍高于健康对照组（P＜ 0.001）.结论 慢性ITP患者存在Tfh细胞分布及功能异常,可能与慢性ITP的发生发展有关.     

浸润性T淋巴细胞及Th细胞因子在不同类型乳腺癌中的表达

目的研究浸润性T淋巴细胞和Th细胞因子在不同类型乳腺癌中表达的意义。方法利用免疫组织化学链霉亲和素生物素法（labelled streptavidin-biotin method,LSAB）方法检测61例浸润性微乳头状癌（invasive micropapillary carcinoma,IMPC）、71例浸润性导管癌（invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC）和27例髓样癌（medullary carcinoma,MC）3种乳腺癌中浸润T淋巴细胞亚群分布以及Th细胞因子的表达。T淋巴细胞组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis Test,组内比较采用Witcoxon Signed Ranks Test;组间Th细胞因子的比较采用x^2检验。结果CD3、CD8和CD4均表达于淋巴细胞胞膜。CD3^＋T细胞在3组间差异无统计学意义（P=0．735）。CD8^＋T和CD4^＋T细胞在3组间差异均有统计学意义（P=0．000,P=0．012）。Th细胞因子主要表达于肿瘤细胞和淋巴细胞的胞质。IL-2表达在IMPC组最低（25／61,41．0％）,其次是IDC组（33／71,46．5％）,最高是MC组（20／27,74．1％）,3组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．014）;IFN-γ的表达类似于IL-2,IMPC组最低（39／61,63．9％）,其次是IDC组（57／71,80．3％）,最高是MC组（24／27,88．9％）,3组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．019）;IL-4的表达在IDC组最高（42／71,59．2％）,其次是IMPC组（19／61,31．1％）,最低是MC组（5／27,18．5％）,3组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．000）;IL-10的阳性率在IMPC组是87．8％（47／61）,在IDC组是87．3％（62／71）,在MC组是88．9％（24／27）,3组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．050）。结论浸润性T淋巴细胞和Th细胞因子在不同类型乳腺癌中表达不同。     

Regulation of follicular T helper cell differentiation in antitumor immunity

Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4⁺ T cells that play an important role in the formation of germinal centers and the maturation and differentiation of affinity-matured B cells. Recent studies have demonstrated important functions of Tfh cells in tertiary lymphoid structures of tumors, revealing great potential of Tfh cells in tumor immunity. However, Tfh development is incompletely understood. The differentiation of Tfh cells is a complex, multistage process regulated at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. This review just summarizes current research on the molecular mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation to better understand the role of Tfh cells in antitumor immunity.     

Changing trends in incidence of lung cancer by histologic type in Scotland

Lung cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. Our study aims to examine trends in incidence of lung cancer in Scotland during 1959-97 and by histologic type for 1975-97. In Scotland, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Due to poor survival rates, trends in incidence and mortality display similar patterns. Within the United States and many parts of Europe, falls in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma have occurred whilst the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased. Data were extracted from the Scottish Cancer Registry. Trends in incidence were examined by standardising rates to the World Standard Population. Age-specific rates were examined by year of diagnosis and mid year of birth. In Scotland the incidence of lung cancer in men has fallen since the late 1970s, whereas incidence in women has continued to increase. Incidence rates of adenocarcinoma have increased over time but squamous cell carcinoma remains the predominant type of lung cancer in Scotland. The quality of lung cancer registration data has improved over time, although a large proportion of lung cancers (>20%) are not microscopically verified. Changes in histologic types are unlikely to be solely due to diagnostic advances. Rates of adenocarcinoma have increased steadily over time, and this may be due to changes in cigarette design during the 1950s.     

心包内处理血管治疗中心型肺癌

目的:与心包外全肺切除疗效对比,探讨心包内处理血管治疗中心型肺癌的临床疗效及价值。方法:1997年3月至2004年3月,对76例中心型肺癌患者进行了全肺切除术,对其中34例无法在心包外行全肺切除的患者,行心包内处理肺、动静脉全肺切除术,占同期全肺切除的44.7%(34/76)。结果:经心包内处理血管的患者无手术死亡,无支气管胸膜瘘发生;切缘癌阳性2例(5.9%),术后出现心慌、气短症状及心律失常6例,发生率18%。术后1年生存率85%,3年生存率32%,5年生存率21%。同期经心包外行全肺切除者,发生支气管胸膜瘘1例,切缘癌阳性2例(4.8%),术后出现心慌、气短症状及心律失常8例,发生率19%。术后1年生存率87%,3年生存率29%,5年生存率20%。结论:与心包外全肺切除相比,心包内处理血管全肺切除术可提高肺癌的切除率,提高患者的生存质量,延长患者的生存时间,手术安全可靠,是外科治疗中心型肺癌的有效手段。     

根据原发性肺癌的X线征象判断组织学类型及其预后的研究(附612例分析)

本文对612例原发性肺癌的 X 线与病理检查结果进行了对照研究,发现鳞癌、腺癌、大细胞癌和小细胞癌各有其 X 线特点。因此根据 X 线征象,再结合肿瘤生物学特性,能准确地判断出肺癌的组织学类型及预后。这无疑为治疗方案的选择和制订奠定了重要基础。作者认为,肺癌 X 线检查的目的,不仅在于早期发现和诊断,更重要的是判断出组织学分型。     

肿瘤微环境相关17型辅助性T细胞

 17型辅助性T细胞（Th17）是近年来发现的一种不同于传统1型和2型的CD4+效应T细胞,该细胞是由初始T细胞前体分化而来。肿瘤可通过免疫微环境中部分细胞因子招募外周血中Th17细胞至肿瘤局部,而Th17的分化进程也受到肿瘤微环境的精细调控。Th17对肿瘤生长等恶性生物学行为具有促进及抑制的双向作用。对Th17的进一步深入研究,将为肿瘤免疫研究提供新的切入点。