Primary retroperitoneal mucinous borderline tumor: a case report

BACKGROUND: Primary retroperitoneal mucinous borderline tumors are rare. These tumors can be present in women with otherwise normal pelvic anatomy. CASE: A 22-year-old woman with abdominal pain was found to have a large midline mass superior to the uterus with ascites. In surgery, a large mass was arising from the sigmoid mesentery. The pelvis was normal on inspection. Final pathology of the mass revealed borderline tumor (tumor of low malignant potential) and focus of ovarian tissue. CONCLUSION: This is a case report of primary retroperitoneal mucinous borderline tumor. The gynecologic oncologist should be aware of primary retroperitoneal tumors and the differential diagnosis.     

Primary mullerian carcinosarcoma of the retroperitoneum: report of a case.

A müllerian carcinosarcoma or malignant mesodermal mixed tumor (MMMT) originated from the retroperitoneum of a 51-year-old woman; only two previous similar cases have been reported. The 1,040 gm tumor was found in the left retroperitoneal space; the center of the tumor was extensively liquified. The uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries were unremarkable. The histopathological features of the tumor were typical of MMMT, homologous type. The adenocarcinomatous component of the tumor was immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for cytokeratin 20. MMMTs arising in extragenital sites are rare, and most of them arise from the peritoneum. The histogenesis of extragenital MMMTs remains speculative, but the origin from the "secondary mullerian system" is most likely.     

Retroperitoneal leiomyomatosis: a case report

Leiomyoma is the most common benign solid pelvic tumor seen in women. It is most commonly located in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract, but it can originate wherever smooth muscle cells exist. Although it has been reported in various atypical localizations, they are extremely rare in the retroperitoneum. Also, preoperative diagnosis is often difficult in retroperitoneal tumors. Imaging studies may demonstrate the retroperitoneal tumors; however, exact diagnosis cannot be established by imaging methods alone. Here, we report a case with retroperitoneal leiomyomatosis diagnosed by preoperative ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy.     

Primary adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum: a case report

Adenocarcinomas developing in endometriotic lesions have been reported, most commonly in the ovary. The rectovaginal septum is a rare location of this neoplastic transformation. We report a case of primary adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum in a 25-year-old woman presenting with lower abdominal pain and dyspareunia. Diagnostic and treatment modalities were discussed. Immunohistochemical studies of different keratin subtypes and CA125 expression of the tumor cells are of interest for the diagnosis. Preoperative radiation therapy promotes clinical symptoms relief, tumor volume reduction, and better radical surgical approach.     

Uterine metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report

The extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncommon. Moreover, metastatic uterine tumor from extragenital primaries is rare. We report a 63-year-old woman with uterine metastasis from HCC. She had undergone transcatheter arterial embolization four times and surgery for HCC from 2-4 years before. This time, she underwent resection of a newborn, head-sized uterine tumor that was proven to be metastasis from HCC. This is the first described case of metastatic uterine tumor originated from HCC.     

Angiomyofibroblastoma of the retroperitoneum: a case report

BACKGROUND: Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare soft tissue neoplasm that presents most frequently in the genital region of young to middle-aged women. CASE: A 28-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting and pelvic pain. Computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed, brightly enhancing pararectal mass in the retroperitoneum. A core needle biopsy suggested the diagnosis of angiofibromyoblastoma. Due to the highly vascular nature of the lesion, the patient underwent angiographically guided embolization in an effort to minimize surgical blood loss. This was followed by exploratory laparotomy and resection of the mass. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates an unusual presentation of angiomyofibroblastoma in the pelvic retroperitoneum and its management with preoperative selective embolization, which may have contributed to the minimal blood loss at the time of resection.     

Primary serous adenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum with a response to platinum-based chemotherapy: a case report

A CAT-scan-guided biopsy of the retroperitoneal tumor of a 54-year-old female revealed a serous adenocarcinoma resembling a serous adenocarcinoma of ovarian origin. Partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy was observed. Exploratory laparotomies and an autopsy found no possible primary lesion for the tumor. Therefore, we concluded that this tumor is a primary serous adenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum. Although further accumulation of cases is required, it appears that primary treatment for serous adenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum is platinum-based chemotherapy if surgical removal is incomplete.     

Primary carcinoma of the neovagina: a case report

We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the neovagina of a woman in whom we performed vaginoplasty 20 years before. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 23rd case of total carcinoma arising in the neovagina constructed because of vaginal agenesis, and the 3nd case of carcinoma arising in the neovagina performed without using a graft.     

Schwannoma in the retroperitoneum

Schwannoma (neurilemmoma) is a peripheral nerve sheath tumor and commonly occurs singularly on the head, neck, and trunk. Giant schwannoma is rarely located on the retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity. The majority of symptoms caused by the tumor are due to the effect of its mass. Surgical resection is enough to treat the tumor. Schwannoma is reported usually as benign, and despite incomplete resection of the tumor, the risk of recurrence and metastasis is low. A schwannoma on the retroperitoneum that was preoperatively misdiagnosed as a malignant adnexal mass in a 60-year-old menopausal woman is presented, with a brief review of the literature.     

Primary carcinoid tumor of the ovary: a case report

Introduction Carcinoid tumors commonly occur in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. However, carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare, primary carcinoid tumors being even rarer, forming 0.3% of all carcinoid tumors. Case report We present a case of a 55-year-old woman presented with symptoms of abdominal discomfort, weakness and fatigue. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a left-sided lobulated ovarian mass, which was solid with occasional internal scattered fluid areas. No other abnormality was detected on pelvic and abdominal ultrasonography. The findings of biochemical investigations were within normal limits. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy for a clinical suspicion of ovarian tumor. Gross examination revealed a large tumor completely replacing the ovary, which was predominantly solid with few cystic areas and yellowish in color. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of uniform population of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm, arranged in small acini, solid sheets, ribbons and trabecular pattern. No teratomatous component was seen either grossly or microscopically. The tumor cells showed the strong expression of Chromogranin A and synaptophysin on immunohistochemistry. On the basis of this, a diagnosis of primary ovarian carcinoid was made. Conclusion We conclude that it is important to be aware of this entity in the pathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors, even in the absence of any clinical indicator of carcinoid tumor/syndrome, as it carries a markedly better prognosis and clinical outcome in comparison with most other malignant ovarian tumors.     

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a report of a case and review of the literature

Introduction Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare aggressive cervical neoplasm, considerably rarer than the well-recognized small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. Cervical large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are distinctive cervical carcinomas that are frequently misdiagnosed and have an unfavorable outcome, similar to that of small cell carcinoma. Case report We report a 45-year-old woman with large cell neuroendocrine uterine cervical carcinoma.     

Primary lobular carcinoma of the vulva: a case report

Primary breast carcinoma of the vulva is very rare, with only 13 cases so far reported in the English literature since 1936. We present the 14th case of primary breast cancer in the vulva and the second case with, on histology, lobular carcinoma in the entire lesion with oestrogen and progesterone receptors. This is also the first case in which anastrozole was used to treat vulval breast cancer in an attempt to modify the natural course of the disease.     

Primary yolk sac tumor of the endometrium: a case report and review of the literature

We describe a rare case of a primary yolk sac tumor of the endometrium treated with a simple total hysterectomy without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 3 cycles of the bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin regimen.     

Alpha-fetoprotein producing ovarian clear cell carcinoma with a neometaplasia to hepatoid carcinoma arising from endometriosis: a case report

We present a rare case of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing ovarian clear cell carcinoma. This is the first report of a clear cell ovarian carcinoma with hepatoid carcinoma arising from endometriosis. A 54-year-old menopausal woman had a primary ovarian carcinoma of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIc. Serum level of AFP was 4195 ng/mL. Histological examination revealed clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis with hepatoid carcinoma. Metastatic liver and lymph node tumors were found after 25 months from the first surgery. However, the patient's serum AFP was within normal limits. The recurrent and metastatic tumors disappeared in response to combined liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin chemotherapy. She has had a disease-free survival of 4 years. In conclusion, the patient had a clear cell ovarian carcinoma with hepatoid carcinoma arising clearly from endometriosis. The recurrent tumors did not show a component of hepatoid carcinoma. Therefore, it is possible to expect better survival with good sensitivity to chemotherapy.     

Solitary primary peritoneal carcinoma arising from the omentum

ObjectiveTo report a case of isolated omental peritoneal carcinoma without peritoneal carcinomatosis.Case reportA 60-year-old female with abdominal distention was found to have a pelvic mass. Under the impression of ovarian cancer, laparotomy was performed only to show one isolated mass over omentum. Serial examination and pathology study including immunochemical staining indicated primary peritoneal serous carcinoma.ConclusionIsolated omental peritoneal carcinoma without peritoneal carcinomatosis and ascites is rare, and whether this represented a unique entity with different chemotherapy response and treatment outcome from the disseminated form of primary peritoneal carcinoma needs to be reviewed in the future.     

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

Neuroendocrine carcinomas arise from Kulchitsky cells and are frequently seen in gastrointestinal tract and lungs. But they are unusual in gynecology practice. The Fallopian tube is one of the rarest locations for the development of a female genital malignancy. The most common histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma in malignancies of fallopian tubes, but rarely other histologic subtypes have been reported. Here we present a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the fallopian tube. To the best of the our knowledge, it was not reported previously.