Wntless在胃腺癌组织中表达及其意义

目的观察Wnt蛋白分泌相关的基因Wntless在胃癌腺癌细胞和癌旁正常黏膜细胞的表达,分析Wntless表达与胃腺癌病理指标之间相关性和临床意义。方法用免疫组化法检测胃腺癌组织和胃癌旁正常黏膜中Wntless的蛋白表达。结果在104例胃癌标本中,Wntless在胃腺癌组织中表达为:7.7%(8/104)例为0或1+、36.5%(38/104)例为2+、55.8%(58/104)例为3+;在癌旁正常黏膜表达为:71.2%(74/104)例为0或1+,19.2%(20/104)例为2+,9.6%(10/104)例为3+。Wntless在胃腺癌组织中的表达显著高于胃癌旁正常黏膜表达(P0.001)。Wntless蛋白表达与肿瘤分化呈正相关(P0.05),与淋巴结转移呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 Wntless蛋白在胃腺癌中高表达,可能对肿瘤发生和进展等发挥了促进作用,并可能为新的靶向治疗提供分子靶标。     

胃癌中HMGA2与HDAC6表达的临床意义及其相关性

目的检测胃癌中高迁移率族蛋白2(HMGA2)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶6(HDAC6)在胃癌中的表达情况及相关关系,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。方法分别用免疫组织化学法、Western blot和real-time PCR检测82例配对人胃癌、癌旁及正常组织中HMGA2和HDAC6的蛋白及mRNA表达,并分析其与临床病理参数的关系及两者表达的相关性。结果胃癌组织中HMGA2和HDAC6蛋白阳性表达率分别为69.51%(57/82)和65.85%(54/82),明显高于癌旁组织14.63%(12/82)、12.20%(10/82)和正常组织9.76%(8/82)、7.32%(6/82)(P0.05);胃癌组织HMGA2、HDAC6蛋白和mRNA表达较癌旁组织及正常组织高(P0.05),且两者表达水平与肿瘤的临床分期和淋巴结转移相关(P0.05);HMGA2和HDAC6在胃癌组织中的表达呈明显正相关(r=0.56,P0.05)。结论 HMGA2和HDAC6基因在胃癌组织中存在高表达且共存现象,可能与胃癌恶性程度有关。     

胃癌中RNA甲基化酶NSUN2的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨胃癌中RNA甲基化酶NSUN2的表达及其临床意义。方法收集109例胃癌采用免疫组化SP法检测癌组织及对应癌旁组织中NSUN2的表达,并分析NSUN2表达与临床病理特征及预后生存时间的关系。利用qRT-PCR及Western blot法检测20对新鲜冷冻胃癌组织及对应癌旁组织中NSUN2的表达。结果 NSUN2在胃癌组织的高表达率为65.1%(71/109),在癌旁组织中的高表达率为15.6%(17/109),两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。qRT-PCR和Western blot证实NSUN2 mRNA在胃癌组织中高表达。胃癌中NUSN2高表达与淋巴结转移、浸润深度、远端转移、脉管浸润、神经侵犯、临床分级、TNM分期及患者预后生存时间明显相关(P0.05);与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤位置和直径无关(P0.05)。结论 NSUN2表达与胃癌TNM分期和侵袭性显著相关,NSUN2表达影响患者预后,NSUN2对于胃癌诊断和预后的评判具有一定的价值。     

结直肠癌中CXCL9的表达及其临床意义

目的检测趋化因子CXCL9在结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)组织及癌旁组织中的表达,探讨其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化EnVision法检测95例CRC及55例癌旁组织中CXCL9的表达。结果 CRC中CXCL9高表达51例(53.7%,51/95),癌旁组织中高表达11例(20.0%,11/55)。CXCL9在CRC中高表达发生率显著高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。CXCL9高表达和肿瘤分化程度高、未达浆膜浸润、淋巴结无转移及TNM低分期具有相关性(P0.05)。CXCL9高表达CRC患者的5年无瘤生存期及总生存期明显高于低表达组(P0.05)。结论 CXCL9可能参与CRC的发生、发展,其高表达提示CRC患者预后较好。     

miR-143在胃癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:分析miR-143在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:分别取胃癌手术标本32例及其癌旁组织,提取总RNA,采用茎环逆转录实时定量PCR方法检测miR-143在胃癌及其癌旁正常组织中的表达量,并分析其与临床病理特征关系。结果:与癌旁组织比较,miR-143在胃癌组织中表达显著下调(P0.05);miR-143的表达与细胞分化程度(P0.05)及淋巴结转移(P0.05)相关,与性别、年龄、血型、肿块位置、肿块大小、肿块侵润深度及肿瘤淋巴结转移分期无关。低分化胃癌组织的miR-143表达明显低于中高分化的标本(P0.05);有淋巴结转移胃癌组织的miR-143表达明显低于无淋巴结转移的胃癌组织(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,miR-143评价胃癌细胞分化程度的特异性和敏感性可达75.0%和79.2%。结论:miR-143表达下调可能与胃癌的发生发展有关,miR-143可作为评价低分化胃癌的辅助指标。     

胃癌组织中LRG1与E-cadherin的表达及临床意义

目的探讨胃癌中富含亮氨酸的α-2-糖蛋白1(leucine-richα2 glycoprotein 1,LRG1)的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测74例胃癌组织及相应癌旁组织中LRG1、E-cadherin的表达;探讨胃癌组织及癌旁组织中LRG1、E-cadherin的表达,并分析LRG1表达与E-cadherin表达的相关性及与临床病理特征、患者生存时间的关系。结果LRG1蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织(P0.01),E-cadherin蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达明显低于癌旁组织(P0.01),LRG1表达与E-cadherin表达呈负相关。进一步分析显示,胃癌中LRG1的表达与肿瘤分化程度及淋巴结转移相关(P0.01),与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、TNM分期等无关(P0.05)。Kaplan-Meier单因素统计分析结果显示LRG1高表达组患者术后生存时间明显低于LRG1低表达组(P0.05)。结论 LRG1在胃癌组织中高表达,其表达水平与胃癌分化程度及淋巴结转移相关,其高表达抑制Ecadherin的表达,促进肿瘤细胞迁移,且有助于判断肿瘤的恶性生物学行为及预后评估。     

胃癌及癌旁组织中CDX2和claudin-3的表达及其意义

目的探讨CDX2和claudin-3在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测CDX2和claudin-3在67例胃癌及32例癌旁组织中的表达。结果 (1)CDX2在癌旁正常组织中不表达,癌旁肠化上皮的阳性率(87.5%)明显高于胃癌组织(44.8%,P<0.001)。CDX2在Lauren分型肠型胃癌中的阳性率(62.9%)明显高于弥漫型胃癌(25.0%,P<0.05);CDX2表达与胃癌分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05),而与淋巴结转移和TNM分期呈负相关(P<0.05)。claudin-3在胃癌组织中的阳性率(77.6%)明显高于癌旁正常组织(36.7%,P<0.001),胃癌中claudin-3仅与淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.05)。(2)5年生存分析显示:CDX2阳性组胃癌5年生存率(76.7%)明显高于阴性组(43.2%,P=0.01)。claudin-3与胃癌患者5年生存率无明显相关性(P>0.05)。根据CDX2和claudin-3在胃癌中联合表达结果进行生存分析,结果显示CDX2+/claudin-3-的胃癌患者,5年生存率最高(P=0.004)。多因素回...     

胃癌组织中Foxp3+Tregs和pDCs与胃微生物群失调的关系

目的 探讨胃癌组织中Foxp3+Tregs和浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDCs)与胃微生物群失调的关系.方法 选择我院2018年2月-2020年2月诊治的胃癌患者97例(收集其胃癌组织标本和癌旁标本)和同期健康者40例,胃癌患者根据类型分为肠型、弥漫性和混合型,分别为31例、28例、38例.采用免疫组化染色、Western blot法测定胃癌组织中Foxp3+Tregs、pDCs表达,16S rRNA法检测胃微生物群,并分析各指标表达差异及相关性.结果 肠型、弥漫性和混合型癌巢组织中Foxp3+Tregs、pDCs表达量逐渐升高(P＜0.05).胃癌患者鞘氨醇单胞菌、幽门螺杆菌、单形拟杆菌水平低于健康者,而痤疮丙酸杆菌、咽峡炎链球菌、产黑普氏菌高于健康者;不同类型胃癌患者氨醇单胞菌、幽门螺杆菌、单形拟杆菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌、咽峡炎链球菌、产黑普菌水平比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).痤疮丙酸杆菌、咽峡炎链球菌、产黑普菌与Foxp3+Tregs、pDCs数量呈正比关系(P＜0.05).结论 胃癌癌旁和癌巢组织微生境中细菌丰度降低,不同类型胃癌肿瘤微生境中有不同的优势微生物;组织中Foxp3+Tregs、pDCs与胃微生物群失调相关.     

胃癌中RBBP4和BCL-2的表达及意义

目的探讨视网膜母细胞瘤结合蛋白4(retinoblastoma binding protein 4,RBBP4)和BCL-2在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测72例胃癌及对应癌旁组织中RBBP4、BCL-2蛋白表达,分析RBBP4与胃癌临床病理特征的关系及与BCL-2表达的相关性。实时荧光定量PCR法检测20例胃癌及癌旁组织中RBBP4 mRNA的表达。结果 RBBP4、BCL-2蛋白在癌组织中的阳性率分别为55.6%(40/72)、50%(36/72),显著高于癌旁组织13.9%、16.7%。RBBP4和BCL-2高表达均与肿瘤分化、浸润深度及淋巴结转移明显相关(P0.05),且RBBP4和BCL-2蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.559,P0.05)。RBBP4 mRNA在胃癌组织中的相对表达水平(9.988±1.948)显著高于癌旁组织(1.458±0.489)。结论RBBP4在胃癌中的表达升高,可能和胃癌的发生、发展及侵袭转移有关,可能成为胃癌诊断和预后评估的新指标。     

胃癌及癌旁黏膜组织中CK7、CK20和Ki-67表达的临床意义

目的 研究CK7、CK20和Ki-67在胃腺癌组织中表达状况及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测60例胃癌及癌旁黏膜组织CK7、CK20和Ki-67的表达情况,比较不同组织类型胃腺癌患者CK7、CK20和Ki-67的表达及其相关性.结果 胃癌组织中CK7、CK20和Ki-67的阳性表达率分别为88.33%(53/60)、73.33%(44/60)和96.67%(58/60),癌旁黏膜异型增生中CK7、CK20和Ki-67的表达分别为92.31%(24/26)、84.62%(22/26)和96.15%(25/26),肠上皮化生组织中CK7、CK20和Ki67的表达分别为85.71%(12/14)、78.57%(11/14)和92.86%(13/14),均明显高于癌旁正常黏膜组织(P均<0.05),且阳性强度多为高表达.低分化胃腺癌中CK7、CK20和Ki-67的表达明显强于高分化腺癌,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CK7、CK20和Ki-67在胃腺癌组织中的表达呈正相关(P＜0.001).结论 CK7、CK20和Ki-67的表达与胃癌分化程度关系密切,可作为预测胃癌评估预后的指标.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.